scholarly journals Influence of polymeric derivatives of guanidine on hydrobionts

Biologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Lysytsya ◽  
Natalya Matvienko ◽  
Mihail Kozii ◽  
Alexander Aishpur
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Test Objects

It is known that polymeric derivatives of guanidine are actively used in many countries of the world as disinfectants and antiseptics. Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMB) are typical representatives of this class of compounds. They show a bacteriostatic effect in concentrations from 1 mg/l (or 10–4%) or above, and a bactericidal effect from 10 mg/l (10–3%) and above. It is considered that PHMG and PHMB are not very toxic to higher organisms. This is explained by the different mechanism of drugs action on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. However, their safety for the fauna of freshwater hydrocenoses has not been sufficiently studied. The toxic effect of the salts of PHMG on the representatives of various types and classes of hydrobionts was studied in the experiments. It has been established that the safe concentration of PHMG in water with a one-time action on selected test objects is 0.1 mg/l (10–5%). The histological analysis of a one-year-old carp that lived in an aquarium with a constant concentration of PHMG at 0.5 mg/l for 12 days showed that concentrations of an order of magnitude smaller – 0.01 mg/l (10–6%) is absolutely safe to consider. Chronic intoxication of fish caused by sublethal doses of PHMG leads to the development of numerous disorders in the liver, kidneys, and spleen, and to the inflammation of the pancreatic islets. A comparative analysis of the toxicity of PHMG for microand macroorganisms does not allow us to state that the latter are less sensitive to this xenobiotic. So far, there are not enough convincing reasons to believe that the mechanisms of action of PHMG on pro and eukaryotic cells are fundamentally different. At the same time, the binding of PHMG molecules to suspended particles in water, organic and inorganic impurities, flocculation, and biodegradation by microorganisms leads to a rapid decrease of free active molecules of this biocide in aquatic ecosystems.

A Study of the Efficiency of Modern Domestic Disinfectants in the System of TB Control Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paliy ◽  
A. Zavgorodniy ◽  
B. Stegniy ◽  
A. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Test Objects

Due to the absence of elaborated effi cient means for specifi c prevention of bovine tuberculosis, it is ex- tremely important to detect and eliminate the source of infection and to take veterinary and sanitary preven- tive measures. Here the critical role is attributed to disinfection, which breaks the epizootic chain due to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and involves the application of disinfectants of different chemical groups. Aim. To study the tuberculocidal properties of new disinfectants DZPT-2 and FAG against atypical mycobacteria Mycobacterium fortitum and a TB agent Mycobacterium bovis. Methods. The bacteriological and molecular-genetic methods were used. Results. It was determined that DZPT-2 prepara- tion has bactericidal effect on M. fortuitum when used in the concentration of 2.0 % of the active ingredient (AI) when exposed for 5–24 h, while disinfectant FAG has a bactericidal effect in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h. Disinfectant DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of the AI, when exposed for 5–24 h, and FAG preparation in the concentration of 2.0 %, when exposed for 24 h, and with the norm of consump- tion rate of 1 cubic decimeter per 1 square meter disinfect the test-objects (batiste, wood, glazed tile, metal, glass), contaminated with the TB agent M. bovis. Conclusions. Disinfecting preparations of DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of AI when exposed for 5 h and FAG in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h may be used in the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent and control TB of farm ani- mals. The possibility of using the polymerase chain reaction as an additional method of estimating tuberculo- cide activity of disinfectants was proven.

The Coarse Scale Velocity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Isett
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Divergence Equation ◽  
Higher Derivatives ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter deals with the coarse scale velocity. It begins the proof of Lemma (10.1) by choosing a double mollification for the velocity field. Here ∈ᵥ is taken to be as large as possible so that higher derivatives of velement are less costly, and each vsubscript Element has frequency smaller than λ‎ so elementv⁻¹ must be smaller than λ‎ in order of magnitude. Each derivative of vsubscript Element up to order L costs a factor of Ξ‎. The chapter proceeds by describing the basic building blocks of the construction, the choice of elementv and the parametrix expansion for the divergence equation.

INBORN ERROR OF HISTIDINE METABOLISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-728
Author(s):  
H. Ghadimi ◽  
M. W. Partington ◽  
A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Urocanic Acid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Blue Eyes ◽  
Derivatives Of

A 3-year-old girl with fair hair and blue eyes came under observation because of speech retardation. The patient was given a phenylalanine-free diet, since persistently positive urine tests with ferric chloride and reagent strips (Phenistix) were strongly suggestive of phenylketonuria. On further investigation she was found to be suffering from a totally different and not heretofore recognized condition, the salient features of which were an abnormally high concentration of histidine in the blood and an excessive output of histidine in the urine. The child's sister, one year older, presented the same metabolic anomaly. In each case both the concentration of histidine in plasma and the daily output were directly related to the amount of protein in the diet; but even at their lowest levels they greatly exceeded those of normal children of the same age. An oral load of histidine was followed by an increase of histidine in plasma much higher and more prolonged than that observed in controls, and by the excretion of a much larger fraction of the ingested dose. The urine of each sister contained not only excessive amounts of histidine but also notable quantities of imidazole-pyruvic, imidazole-acetic, and imidazole-lactic acid, histidine derivatives of which normal urine contains only traces. It is concluded that in the two sisters the normally predominant pathway of histidine catabolism, which leads through urocanic acid to glutamic acid, was partially or completely blocked. Since, even after histidine loading, the urines never contained detectable amounts of urocanic acid, the block must precede the formation of that substance. The condition presented is therefore due primarily to a deficiency or total lack of histidine-alpha-deaminase; the enzyme which converts histidine to urocanic acid. As a result of this defect histidine is forced to take the alternative but less efficient pathway which begins with its transamination to imidazole-pyruvic acid. This substance is the one responsible for positive reactions in the ferric chloride and Phenistix tests. All urine specimens examined, whether from the patient or from normal controls, contained considerable quantities of an unidentifiable imidazole compound ("X"), which does not appear to have been previously reported. The existence of this substance may call for some modification of current concepts of histidine metabolism in man.

STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMI- AND THIOSEMICARBAZONES OF CARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF 4-BUTANOLIDES

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2 (255)) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Tariel V. Ghochikyan ◽  
Armen S. Galstyan ◽  
Hrachik M. Stepanyan ◽  
Irina G. Korpakova ◽  
Alexander S. Kinzirsky
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Thiazole Ring ◽  
Lewis Lung ◽  
Ehrlich's Ascites Tumor ◽  
Carbonyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Test Objects

Based on carbonyl derivatives of 4-substituted-4-butanolides, the appropriate semi- and thiosemicarbazones have been synthesized. It has been found that some representatives of thiosemicarbazones have pronounced algicidal activity against filamentous green alga Cladophora and blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Synechocystis and some of the semi- and thiosemicarbazones exhibit moderate antitumor activity. The assessment of the antitumor activity of the compounds was carried out using strains of syngeneic and allogeneic tumor systems as test-objects: lymphocytic leukemia P-388, Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma and Ehrlich’s ascites tumor. It has also been established that some representatives of thiosemi­carbazones exhibit antimutagenic properties. It has been reliably proven that with the formation of a thiazole ring, all properties disappear and a new property in the series of thiazololactones is revealed – antibacterial․

Antimicrobial Effects of d-3-Phenyllactic Acid on Listeria monocytogenes in TSB-YE Medium, Milk, and Cheese

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRGINIE DIEULEVEUX ◽  
MICHELINE GUÉGUEN
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
Whole Milk

d-3-Phenyllactic acid is a compound with anti-Listeria activity which is produced and secreted by the yeastlike fungus, Geotrichum candidum. This compound has a bactericidal effect independent of the physiological State of Listeria monocytogenes when added at a concentration of 7 mg/ml to tryptic soy broth supplemented with yeast extract (TSB-YE). An initial L. monocytogenes population of 105 CFU/ml was reduced 100-fold (2 log) after 4 days of culture at 25 °C in TSB-YE containing d-3-phenyllactic acid. The Listeria population was reduced 1,000-fold (3 log) when the compound was added during the exponential growth phase, and was reduced to less than 10 CFU/ml when it was added during the stationary phase. d-3-Phenyllactic acid had a bacteriostatic effect in UHT whole milk, reducing the population by 4.5 log, to give fewer cells than in the control after 5 days of culture. The results obtained with L. monocytogenes at concentrations of 105 and 103 CFU/ml in cheese curds were less conclusive. d-3-Phenyllactic acid was 10 times less active than nisin in our experimental conditions (TSB-YE at 25°C).

SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE DERIVATIVES

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
S. Stelmakh ◽  
M. Grigor’eva ◽  
N. Garkusheva ◽  
D. Mognonov ◽  
V. Batoev
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Derivatives Of

N-phenyl- and N-octyl-substituted derivatives of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity against nosocomial infections was determined.

Viability Loss of Foodborne Pathogens by Starter Culture Metabolites

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI M. MOTLAGH ◽  
MONTY C. JOHNSON ◽  
BIBEK RAY
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Sake ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Storage Studies ◽  
Sakacin A

Antibacterial metabolites produced by starter culture bacteria were tested for inhibitory properties against foodborne pathogens capable of growing in foods at refrigeration temperature. Three culture preparations containing the bacteriocins pediocin AcH, nisin, and sakacin A produced by Pediococcus acidilactici H, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis DL 16, and Lactobacillus sake 706, respectively, were studied in addition to four commercial preparations: Nisaplin (similar to nisin), Na-lactate, diacetyl and Microgard. All bacteriocin preparations were bactericidal to the Listeria strains tested including nine strains of L. monocytogenes, but not to any of the gram-negative pathogens studied. Some strains of Listeria were lysed by pediocin AcH. Storage studies at 4°C indicated that the bacteriocin preparations did not have bacteriostatic properties against the surviving cells. Diacetyl produced some bactericidal effect against strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas hydrophila, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Salmonella anatum, but not against Listeria. Lactate had limited bacteriostatic effect against gram-negative pathogens and none against the gram-positive bacteria. Microgard had neither bactericidal nor bacteriostatic action against the bacteria used in this study.

How effective is KRM-1648 in treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice?

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ji ◽  
N Lounis ◽  
C Truffot-Pernot ◽  
J Grosset
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Selection Of

Although the MICs of 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin, or KRM-1648 (KRM), for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were significantly lower than those of other drugs, its in vivo activity was very weak. Beginning 28 days after inoculation, beige mice that had been infected intravenously with 1.87 x 10(7) CFU of MAC 101 were administered KRM alone, clarithromycin (CLARI) alone, or CLARI plus KRM six times weekly for 16 weeks. In contrast to the mice treated with CLARI-containing regimens, the mortality and the mean spleen weights of mice treated with KRM alone (either 10 or 20 mg/kg of body weight per dose) did not differ significantly from those of untreated mice, their numbers of CFU were very much greater than pretreatment values, and multiplication of MAC was only slightly inhibited. Although monotherapy by KRM selected KRM-resistant mutants, the selection was very weak; the mean number of CFU and the frequency of KRM-resistant mutants increased by no more than 1 order of magnitude after 16 weeks of treatment with KRM at 20 mg/kg per dose. Selection of CLARI-resistant mutants was inhibited but not completely prevented by treatment of the mice with CLARI plus KRM. These results indicate that KRM displayed only a weak bacteriostatic effect against the isolate tested in the beige mouse model; its ability to enhance the antimicrobial effect of CLARI or to prevent emergence of CLARI-resistant mutants was very limited.

On regularized distance and related functions

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Fraenkel
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Closed Subset ◽  
Parameter Family ◽  
Lipschitz Continuous Function ◽  
Partial Derivatives ◽  
Lipschitz Continuous ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Smooth Approximations

SynopsisLetFbe any closed subset of ℝN. Stein's regularized distance is a smooth (C∞) function, defined on the complementcF, that approximates the distance fromFof any pointx ∈cFin the manner shown by the inequalities (*) in the Introduction below. In this paper we use a method different from Stein's to construct a one-parameter family of smooth approximations to any positive Lipschitz continuous function, with the effect that the constants in (*) can be made arbitrarily close to 1. It is shown that partial derivatives of order two or more, while necessarily unbounded, are best possible in order of magnitude.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Sapropel from the Lake Glubokoe (Tatarstan)

10.12737/5935 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хадарцев ◽  
A. Khadartsev ◽  
Платонов ◽  
V. Platonov ◽  
Фридзон ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lake Glubokoe ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

Detailed information about qualitative and quantitative composition of individual components of the group sapropel from the lake Glubokoe (Tatarstan), as well as on the biological activity of different sapropel preparations were obtained by means of the methods Fourier spectroscopy, UV/Vis, NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, preparative Thin-layer chro-matography (TLC) with witnesses, elemental and functional analysis. Sequential scheme of extraction, acid-alkaline hydrolysis, preparative TLC source of sapropel and individual components of organic matter was developed. Amino acids, sugars, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, flavonida, n-, ISO - and cycloalkanes, vitamins, derivatives of phenol, naftalan, chlorophyll, carotenoids, quinones, anthocyanins, metalloporphyrins were identified. Most of them have close genetic relationship with the source material, which is involved in sapropel formation, having a high biological activity. Biological testing of different sapropel preparations using bacteria St. Aureus, E. Coli, C. Diphythriac gravis, the fungi of the Candida albicans type were made. Significant bactericidal effect of sapropel preparations was established and it is comparable to those for synthetic antibiotics type hydro-cortisone, prednisolone.

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