scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR COPOLYMER FROM BY-PRODUCTS OF BUTADIENE RUBBER BY SECONDARY EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda S. Nikulina ◽  
Galina Yu. Vostrikova ◽  
Alexander I. Dmitrenkov ◽  
Sergei S. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Polymer Framework ◽  
By Products

From the literature data it is known that in industrial and civil construction it is widely used expanded polystyrene as a heat-insulating material, which is in demand on the market. In order to solve a number of ecological problems, in this work attempts have been made to chemically combine two types of polymer waste (by-products of petrochemistry in the presence of expanded polystyrene) to obtain impregnating compounds at the molecular level by carrying out their joint destruction and applying wood products for protective treatment. Obtained wood-polymer composites from natural wood (birch) and wood fiber boards (DVP) were investigated for resistance to water and moisture. Indicators of tests of wood for water absorption and swelling in the radial and tangential directions indicate that the samples under investigation have increased hydrophobic properties. Modified fiberboards acquire, in addition to increased hydrophobic properties and higher strength parameters. This is due to the cross-linking of oligomer molecules in wood structures with the formation of a wood-polymer framework and the formation of hydrogen and ether bonds between the wood components and the oxidized modified oligomer. The formation of such bonds makes it possible to reduce such a shortage of impregnating compositions as washability from products during their operation. Reducing the uncertainty of the oligomeric modifier reduces its hydrophilic properties. Integrated use of waste and by-products allows to purposefully dispose of them and use them for protective processing of materials, which include wood components, which contributes to the increase of the service life of products.

scholarly journals THE PROSPECT OF USING AN OLIGOMER FROM PETROCHEMICAL BY-PRODUCTS MODIFIED WITH SECONDARY POLYSTYRENE FOAM TO PROTECT WOOD MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Г. Вострикова ◽  
Galina Vostrikova ◽  
Н. Никулина ◽  
N. Nikulina ◽  
С. Никулин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Petrochemical Waste ◽  
Wooden House ◽  
Protective Treatment ◽  
By Products

In the age of information technology and the age of polymers, there are more and more tasks in scientific researches on chemistry and chemical technology. Such a phenomenon is explained by the fact that humanity develops very quickly. Consequently, the needs are enhancing dramatically, and therefore everyone objectively understands that natural resources decrease annually. The time will come when nature will not be enough for human existence. To plant a tree is not to build a house, but the construction of a wooden house requires more than one tree that grows over the years. In this paper, the authors try to prolong the life of various products and materials made of cheap wood species by using waste from production, which may partially ensure the preservation of nature. The article presents the results on the use of oligomer from petrochemical waste for the protective treatment of wood materials and high-density fiberboard (HDF). The dosage of secondary expanded polystyrene to oligomer from polybutadiene by-products varies from 10 to 40 %. The obtained samples of fiberboard, birch, linden and aspen are examined for resistance to water and moisture. The results indicate that the samples have high strength properties and resistance to water and moisture. Thus, the integrated use of waste and by-products allows them to be disposed and to be used for protective treatment of wood products, which contributes to improving the formability and service life of products.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Assessment of Waste Materials for Buildings in Extreme Cold and Hot Conditions

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Rashid ◽  
Fadi Alnaimat ◽  
Bobby Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
By Products

In this article, thermal performance of different waste materials and by-products of industrial processes is investigated experimentally. A geopolymer concrete block with 7.5 cm thickness and cross-sectional area of 5 × 5 cm was considered as a reference model to measure heat transmission across the two opposite surfaces while all four remnant surfaces were perfectly insulated. For all other samples, a sandwich concrete block was developed by taking two pieces of the geopolymer concrete with 2.5 cm thickness each on either side and insulation material of 2.5 cm thickness in between. The sandwich materials investigated were air cavity, expanded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, rubber tire, date palm, PCM-30, and PCM-42. Experimental investigations revealed that the investigated green materials and industrial by-products have comparable insulation performance with respect to the traditional insulations such as expanded polystyrene foam. It is found that polyurethane foam and date palm can reduce indoor cooling demand by 46.6% each in hot conditions while rubber tire can reduce indoor heating demand by 59.2% in cold climatic conditions at the maximum. The research results confirm and encourage the effective utilization of waste materials in building walls for reducing indoor air-conditioning demand in the extreme climatic conditions.

Investigation of the Fracture of Resinated Single Wood Fibers in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (Esem)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 838-839
Author(s):  
A. Egan ◽  
S. Shaler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Single fiber fracture is important in understanding the fundamental failure mechanisms in wood/polymer composite products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF). The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of individual wood fibers has only recently been observable using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy and digital image correlation (DIC). Previous work has shown that specific areas on the fiber such as microcompressions and pits acted as crack nucelators and induce a brash fracture across the surface of the fiber. Given the development of these procedures it is now possible to observe and measure the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of the wood fiber/ polymer composite fibers.Individual black spruce wood fibers were coated with diphenylmethane 4-4'diisocyanate resin containing Hostasol Red GG. The addition of the Hostasol Red flurochrome provided the option of quantifying resin coverage by fluorescence microscopy.

scholarly journals Development and Mechanical Testing of Porous-Lightweight Geopolymer Mortar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Yasir Rashid ◽  
Ahmad Hassan ◽  
Esmaou Mahmoud Vall ◽  
Shamsa Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Porous Sample ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
By Products

In this study, a novel porous geopolymer mortar (GP) was produced and tested experimentally. Industrial waste materials/by-products were used as constituents of the GP, along with dune sand. One sample was produced as a control sample for benchmarking. For the rest of the samples, 15%, 30%, and 45% by volume, the solid constituents were replaced with expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) beads. These mortar samples were heat cured to depolymerize the EPS to cause porosity inside the samples. Indoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of produced porous GP to high heat flux. The porous samples were able to reduce heat transmission across the opposite surfaces. Induced porosity resulted in a decrement in compressive strength from 77.2 MPa for the control sample to 15.8 MPa for 45% porous sample. However, the limit lies within the standards for partitioning walls in buildings and pavements in urban areas to absorb rainwater.

scholarly journals Effect of Wood Fiber Loading on the Chemical and Thermo-Rheological Properties of Unrecycled and Recycled Wood-Polymer Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8863
Author(s):  
Klementina Pušnik Črešnar ◽  
Lidija Fras Zemljič ◽  
Lidija Slemenik Perše ◽  
Marko Bek
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Pp Composites

Novel wood fiber (WF)-polypropylene composites were developed using the extrusion process with a twin-screw extruder. The influence of different mass addition of WF to unrecycled polypropylene (PP) and recycled PP (R-PP) on the chemical, thermal and rheological properties of the processed WF-PP and WF-R-PP composites was investigated. For this purpose, the chemical surface structure of the composites was followed with ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy), while the thermal properties of the WF-PP composites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the crystalline structure of the composites was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Finally, the rheology of the materials was also studied. It was observed that a stronger particle formation at high additional concentrations was observed in the case of recycled PP material. The addition of WF over 20% by weight increased the crystallinity as a result of the incorporation and reorganization of the WF and also their reinforcing effect. The addition of WF to pure PP had an influence on the crystallization process, which due to the new β phase and γ phase PP formation showed an increased degree of crystallinity of the composites and led to a polymorphic structure of the composites WF-PP. From the rheological test, we can conclude that the addition of WF changed the rheological behavior of the material, as WF hindered the movement of the polymeric material. At lower concentrations, the change was less pronounced, although we observed more drastic changes in the material behavior at concentrations high enough that WF could form a 3D network (percolation point about 20%).

Effect of resin content on the physiochemical and combustion properties of wood fiber insulation board

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5210-5225
Author(s):  
Se-Hwi Park ◽  
Min Lee ◽  
Pureun-Narae Sun ◽  
Eun-Chang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Muf Adhesives

As petrochemical products (including plastics) contribute to the destruction of the natural environment, the use of such products must be reduced. Plastics account for 90% of the insulation materials used in Korea, including extruded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polystyrene (XPS), and urethane foam. Wood-fiber insulation board (WIB) is a promising natural alternative to petrochemical insulation. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of adhesive resin required for manufacturing WIB. Fire-resistant WIB was prepared with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin (ranging from 20% to 35%), and the physicochemical and fire-resistant properties were determined. Higher resin content led to improved physical properties, while the thermal conductivity was unaffected. With the exception of 35% resin content in the WIB, the formaldehyde emissions of the WIB samples complied with the Korean Industrial Standards requirements for Super E0 grade (less than 0.3 mg per L). The physicochemical properties of the WIB samples were sufficient for use as an insulating material, even at 20% resin content. A perpendicular flame test revealed that all samples formed a carbonized layer to prevent flame penetration, except for the specimen with 20% of the resin content. The cone calorimeter testing indicated that the MUF adhesives acted as an effective fire retardant at resin contents above 25%.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Wettability of Protective Glove Materials: A Biomimetic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Irzmańska ◽  
Aleksandra Jastrzębska ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽  
Agnieszka Adamus-Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The objective of the present work was to evaluate the surface wettability of commercially available polymeric protective gloves, as well as to determine the effects of their surface topography in conjunction with the glove material on the hydrophobic properties of the final products, together with surface free energy (SFE) and work of adhesion. The geometric structures imparted to the surface led to different levels of hydrophobicity and SFE. Most of the studied materials were characterized by good wettability properties. It was shown that a textured surface topography affects wettability. The highest SFE was found for nitrile butadiene rubber materials. All materials except for nitrile butadiene rubber exhibited good hydrophobic properties and relatively low work of adhesion.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE WOOD TREATMENT WITH AN OLIGOMER CONTAINING STYRENE UNITS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nikulina ◽  
Sergey Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Wood Treatment ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Protective Composition ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Protective Treatment ◽  
By Products

Currently, much attention is paid to the protective treatment of wood materials. This allows you to protect wood from adverse factors and extend the service life of products based on it. At the same time, not a little, an important criterion is the ratio of the price of the protective composition and its quality. The article discusses the possibility of using an oligomer for the protective treatment of natural wood, obtained on the basis of by-products of the production of polybutadiene and modified with secondary polystyrene. Considering the fact that this waste has not found its application, its use makes it possible to obtain not only valuable and affordable compositions based on it, but also to solve a number of environmental problems. For the modification, an oligomer with a bound styrene content of about 50% was used. The process was carried out at 200°C in the presence of a desiccant. At high temperatures and in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, destruction of both oligomer and secondary polystyrene occurs. The resulting destruction products interact with each other with the formation of new macromolecules containing an increased amount of styrene groups and the appearance of functional groups containing oxygen in the polymer chains. Protective treatment of natural wood with the obtained impregnating compounds allows to reduce water absorption and swelling of birch samples. This treatment allows you to extend the life of wood products.

scholarly journals Development and Mechanical Testing of Porous-Lightweight Geopolymer Mortar

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Yasir Rashid ◽  
Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Esmaou Mahmoud Vall ◽  
Shamsa Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Porous Sample ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
By Products

In this study, a novel porous geopolymer mortar (GP) was produced and tested experimentally. Industrial waste materials/by-products were used as constituents of the GP, along with dune sand. One sample was produced as a control sample for benchmarking. For the rest of the samples, 15%, 30%, and 45% by volume, the solid constituents were replaced with expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) beads. These mortar samples were heat cured to depolymerize the EPS to cause porosity inside the samples. Indoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of produced porous GP to high heat flux. The porous samples were able to reduce heat transmission across the opposite surfaces. Induced porosity resulted in a decrement in compressive strength from 77.2 MPa for the control sample to 15.8 MPa for 45% porous sample. However, the limit lies within the standards for partitioning walls in buildings and pavements in urban areas to absorb rainwater.

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