scholarly journals The role of glutathione in detoxification of chromate by Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha yeast

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
D. V. Fedorovych ◽  
M. T. Yurkiv ◽  
O. M. Kolodii ◽  
O. O. Kurylenko ◽  
D. Grabek-Lejko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hansenula Polymorpha ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Environment Problem ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ogataea Polymorpha

Aim. Chromate is very toxic, displays mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and its pollution poses a serious environment problem. The development of efficient methods for detoxification of this oxyanion is of great importance. For microbial cells, it is known that chromate transported in cells can be reduced to less toxic Cr3+. The most powerful chromate reductants could be glutathione (GSH) or cysteine. The role of GSH in detoxification of chromate by the yeast Hansenula polymorpha was evaluated. Methods. For this purpose recombinant strains with overexpressed GSH2 and MET4 genes and mutant defective in GSH biosynthesis were used. Profiles of GSH and chromium contents as well as rate of reduction of chromate were studied in relation to chromate resistance/sensitivity of the wild- type and mutant yeast strains. Results. High level of GSH in recombinant strains of H. polymorpha slightly changed the sensitivity/tolerance to chromate, but increased the rate of reduction of Cr6+ and reduces the amount of chromium accumulated in the cells. Deletion of GSH2 gene, encoding the enzyme of the first reaction of GSH synthesis, leads to increased sensitivity to the action of chromate. Conclusions. GSH can be considered as an important part of chromate detoxification system in H. polymorpha. Keywords: glutathione, chromium, yeast, chromate reduction, Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha.

scholarly journals Increased Rates of Genomic Deletions Generated by Mutations in the Yeast Gene Encoding DNA Polymerase δ or by Decreases in the Cellular Levels of DNA Polymerase δ

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 7490-7504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kokoska ◽  
Lela Stefanovic ◽  
Jeremy DeMai ◽  
Thomas D. Petes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mutator Phenotype ◽  
Genomic Deletions ◽  
Dna Polymerase Δ ◽  
Mutation Avoidance ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, POL3 encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ. While yeastPOL3 mutant strains that lack the proofreading exonuclease activity of the polymerase have a strong mutator phenotype, little is known regarding the role of other Pol3p domains in mutation avoidance. We identified a number of pol3 mutations in regions outside of the exonuclease domain that have a mutator phenotype, substantially elevating the frequency of deletions. These deletions appear to reflect an increased frequency of DNA polymerase slippage. In addition, we demonstrate that reduction in the level of wild-type DNA polymerase results in a similar mutator phenotype. Lowered levels of DNA polymerase also result in increased sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methane sulfonate. We conclude that both the quantity and the quality of DNA polymerase δ is important in ensuring genome stability.

scholarly journals Construction and Characterization of aHelicobacter pylori clpB Mutant and Role of the Gene in the Stress Response

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Allan ◽  
Peter Mullany ◽  
Soad Tabaqchali
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Antiserum raised against whole Helicobacter pyloricells identified a novel 94-kDa antigen. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 94-kDa antigen was determined, and analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed structural features typical of the ClpB ATPase family of stress response proteins. An isogenic H. pylori clpB mutant showed increased sensitivity to high-temperature stress, indicating that the clpB gene product functions as a stress response protein in H. pylori.

scholarly journals Enhanced accumulation of gibberellins rendered rice seedlings sensitive to ammonium toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514-1526
Author(s):  
Baolan Wang ◽  
Haifang Wei ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Wen-Hao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Abstract Ammonium (NH4+) phytotoxicity is a worldwide phenomenon, but the primary toxic mechanisms are still controversial. In the present study, we investigated the physiological function of gibberellins (GAs) in the response of rice plants to NH4+ toxicity and polyamine accumulation using GA biosynthesis-related rice mutants. Exposure to NH4+ significantly decreased GA4 production in shoots of wild-type (WT) plants. Both exogenous GA application to the WT and increases in endogenous GA levels in eui1 mutants rendered them more sensitive to NH4+ toxicity. In contrast, growth of sd1 GA-deficient mutants was more tolerant to NH4+ toxicity than that of their WT counterparts. The role of polyamines in GA-mediated NH4+ toxicity was evaluated using WT rice plants and their GA-related mutants. The eui1 mutants with GA overproduction displayed a higher endogenous putrescine (Put) accumulation than WT plants, leading to an enhanced Put/[spermidine (Spd)+spermine (Spm)] ratio in their shoots. In contrast, mutation of the SD1 gene encoding a defective enzyme in GA biosynthesis resulted in a significant increase in Spd and Spm production, and reduction in the Put/(Spd+Spm) ratio when exposed to a high NH4+ medium. Exogenous application of Put exacerbated symptoms associated with NH4+ toxicity in rice shoots, while the symptoms were alleviated by an inhibitor of Put biosynthesis. These findings highlight the involvement of GAs in NH4+ toxicity, and that GA-induced Put accumulation is responsible for the increased sensitivity to NH4+ toxicity in rice plants.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa LysR PA4203 Regulator NmoR Acts as a Repressor of the PA4202nmoAGene, Encoding a Nitronate Monooxygenase

2014 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Vercammen ◽  
Qing Wei ◽  
Daniel Charlier ◽  
Andreas Dötsch ◽  
Susanne Haüssler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Nitropropionic Acid ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays

The PA4203 gene encodes a LysR regulator and lies between theppgLgene (PA4204), which encodes a periplasmic gluconolactonase, and, in the opposite orientation, the PA4202 (nmoA) gene, coding for a nitronate monooxygenase, andddlA(PA4201), encoding ad-alanine alanine ligase. The intergenic regions between PA4203 andppgLand between PA4203 andnmoAare very short (79 and 107 nucleotides, respectively). Here we show that PA4203 (nmoR) represses its own transcription and the expression ofnmoA. A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed the presence of a single NmoR binding site betweennmoAandnmoR, which was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with the purified NmoR protein. Despite this observation, a transcriptome analysis revealed more genes to be affected in annmoRmutant, including genes known to be part of the MexT LysR activator regulon. The PA1225 gene, encoding a quinone oxidoreductase, was the most highly upregulated gene in thenmoRdeletion mutant, independently of MexT. Finally, deletion of thenmoAgene resulted in an increased sensitivity of the cells to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), confirming the role of the nitronate monooxygenase protein in the detoxification of nitronate.

scholarly journals C-Terminal Truncation of α-COP Affects Functioning of Secretory Organelles and Calcium Homeostasis in Hansenula polymorpha

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria B. Chechenova ◽  
Nina V. Romanova ◽  
Alexander V. Deev ◽  
Anna N. Packeiser ◽  
Vladimir N. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Hansenula Polymorpha ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Golgi Transport ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

ABSTRACT In eukaryotic cells, COPI vesicles retrieve resident proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum and mediate intra-Golgi transport. Here, we studied the Hansenula polymorpha homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RET1 gene, encoding α-COP, a subunit of the COPI protein complex. H. polymorpha ret1 mutants, which expressed truncated α-COP lacking more than 300 C-terminal amino acids, manifested an enhanced ability to secrete human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and an inability to grow with a shortage of Ca2+ ions, whereas a lack of α-COP expression was lethal. The α-COP defect also caused alteration of intracellular transport of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein Gas1p, secretion of abnormal uPA forms, and reductions in the levels of Pmr1p, a Golgi Ca2+-ATPase. Overexpression of Pmr1p suppressed some ret1 mutant phenotypes, namely, Ca2+ dependence and enhanced uPA secretion. The role of COPI-dependent vesicular transport in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sequence Variability and Transcriptional Profile of Cannabinoid synthase Genes in Cannabis sativa L. Chemotypes with a Focus on Cannabichromenic acid synthase

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857
Author(s):  
Flavia Fulvio ◽  
Roberta Paris ◽  
Massimo Montanari ◽  
Cinzia Citti ◽  
Vincenzo Cilento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Sequence Variability ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
Final Amount

Cannabis sativa L. has been long cultivated for its narcotic potential due to the accumulation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in female inflorescences, but nowadays its production for fiber, seeds, edible oil and bioactive compounds has spread throughout the world. However, some hemp varieties still accumulate traces of residual THCA close to the 0.20% limit set by European Union, despite the functional gene encoding for THCA synthase (THCAS) is lacking. Even if some hypotheses have been produced, studies are often in disagreement especially on the role of the cannabichromenic acid synthase (CBCAS). In this work a set of European Cannabis genotypes, representative of all chemotypes, were investigated from a chemical and molecular point of view. Highly specific primer pairs were developed to allow an accurate distinction of different cannabinoid synthases genes. In addition to their use as markers to detect the presence of CBCAS at genomic level, they allowed the analysis of transcriptional profiles in hemp or marijuana plants. While the high level of transcription of THCAS and cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) clearly reflects the chemical phenotype of the plants, the low but stable transcriptional level of CBCAS in all genotypes suggests that these genes are active and might contribute to the final amount of cannabinoids.

Searching for ‘success’: generation, gender and onward migration in the Iranian diaspora

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Onward Migration ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Transnational Social Fields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

This article uses the concepts of ‘transnational social fields’ and ‘habitus’ to explore the multifaceted role families play in shaping the aspirations of onward migrating youth. The article draws on biographical life history interviews conducted with the children of Iranian migrants who were raised in Sweden but moved to London, UK as adults. The findings of the study suggest that from a young age, all the participants were pressured by their parents to perform well academically, and to achieve high level careers. These goals were easier to achieve in London than in Sweden for several reasons. Interestingly, however, participants’ understandings of what constituted success and their motivations for onward migration were nuanced and varied considerably by gender. The study contributes to an understanding of the role of multi-sited transnational social fields in shaping the aspirations of migrant youths, as well as the strategies taken up by these migrants to achieve their goals.

Decision making power of college girls in relation to clothing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gill ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
Pankaj Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was undertaken to explore the decision making patterns of college girls in relation to clothing and their satisfaction level with these decision making patterns. Thirty under graduate college girls from Panipat city were approached to record their responses regarding decision making in relation to clothing and satisfaction level through a well structured questionnaire. It was found that most of the girls (56.66%) themselves made the decisions about the type of garment (Indian, western or both) they wear and majority of girls (70%) were highly satisfied with this decision making. Parents performed the role of buyers for their college going daughters' garments in most of the cases (63.33%) and the 73.33% girls had high level of satisfaction with this. In most of the cases (60%) the decision about the garment design was made by the girls themselves and they were highly satisfied with it. Keywords: clothing, college, girls, decision making.

Сирия (аш-Шам) в системе османских владений (XVI – начало XX в.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Zhantiev
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

Аннотация В статье рассматривается роль и место Сирии (включая Ливан и Палестину) в системе османских владений на протяжении нескольких веков от османского завоевания до периода правления султана Абдул-Хамида II. В течение четырех столетий османского владычества территория исторической Сирии (Билад аш-Шам) была одним из важнейших компонентов османской системы и играла роль связующего звена между Анатолией, Египтом, Ираком и Хиджазом. Необходимость ежегодной организации хаджа с символами султанской власти и покровительства над святынями Мекки и Медины определяла особую стратегическую важность сирийских провинций Османской империи. Несмотря на ряд серьезных угроз во время общего кризиса османской государственности (конец XVI начало XIX вв.), имперскому центру удалось сохранить контроль над Сирией путем создания сдержек и противовесов между местными элитами. В XIX в. и особенно в период правления Абдул- Хамида II (18761909 гг.), сохранение Сирии под османским контролем стало вопросом существования Османской империи, которая перед лицом растущего европейского давления и интервенции потеряла большую часть своих владений на Балканах и в Северной Африке. Задача укрепления связей между имперским центром и периферией в сирийских вилайетах в последней четверти XIX в. была в целом успешно решена. К началу XX в. Сирия была одним из наиболее политически спокойных и прочно связанных со Стамбулом регионов Османской империи. Этому в значительной степени способствовали довольно высокий уровень общественной безопасности, развитие внешней торговли, рост образования и постепенная интеграция местных элит (как мусульман, так и христиан) в османские государственные и социальные механизмы. Положение Сирии в системе османских владений показало, что процесс ослабления и территориальной дезинтеграции Османской империи в эпоху реформ не был линейным и наряду с потерей владений и влияния на Балканах, в азиатской части империи в течение XIX и начала XX вв. происходил параллельный процесс имперской консолидации.Abstract The article examines the role and place of Greater Syria (including Lebanon and Palestine) in the system of Ottoman possessions over several centuries from the Ottoman conquest to the period of the reign of Abdul Hamid II. For four centuries of Ottoman domination, the territory of historical Syria (Bilad al-Sham) was one of the most important components in the Ottoman system and played the role of a link between Anatolia, Egypt, Iraq and Hijaz. The need to ensure the Hajj with symbols of Sultan power and patronage over the shrines of Mecca and Medina each year determined the special strategic importance of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Despite a number of serious threats during the general crisis of the Ottoman state system (late 16th early 19th centuries), the imperial center managed to maintain control over Syria by creating checks and balances between local elites. In the 19th century. And especially during the reign of Abdul Hamid II (18761909), keeping Syria under Ottoman control became a matter of existence for the Ottoman Empire, which, in the face of increasing European pressure and intervention, lost most of its possessions in the Balkans and North Africa. The task of strengthening ties between the imperial center and the periphery in Syrian vilayets in the last quarter of the 19th century was generally successfully resolved. By the beginning of the 20th century, Syria was one of the most politically calm and firmly connected with Istanbul regions of the Ottoman Empire. This was greatly facilitated by a fairly high level of public safety, the development of foreign trade, the growth of education and the gradual integration of local elites (both Muslims and Christians) into Ottoman state and social mechanisms. Syrias position in the system of Ottoman possessions clearly showed that the process of weakening and territorial disintegration of the Ottoman Empire during the era of reform was not linear, and along with the loss of possessions and influence in the Balkans, in the Asian part of the empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries there was a parallel process of imperial consolidation.

Changing Role of Agriculture in Income and Employment, and Trends of Agricultural Worker Productivity in Indian States

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Changing Role

The productivity of land has been often discussed and deliberated by the academia and policymakers to understand agriculture, however, very few studies have focused on the agriculture worker productivity to analyze this sector. This study concentrates on the productivity of agricultural workers from across the states taking two-time points into consideration. The agriculture worker productivity needs to be dealt with seriously and on a time series basis so that the marginal productivity of worker can be ascertained but also the dependency of worker on agriculture gets revealed. There is still disguised unemployment in all the states and high level of labour migration, yet most of the states showed the dependency has gone down. Although a state like Madhya Pradesh is doing very well in terms of income earned but that is at the cost of increased worker power in agriculture as a result of which, the productivity of worker has gone down. States like Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura, though small in size showed remarkable growth in productivity and all these states showed a positive trend in terms of worker shifting away from agriculture. The traditional states which gained the most from Green Revolution of the sixties are performing decently well, but they need to have the next major policy push so that they move to the next orbit of growth.

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