scholarly journals Creating Conditions for Participation: Conflicts and Resources in Systems Design

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (479) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Bødker
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Bath Water ◽  
Collective Resource ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
Main Message

<p>User participation in design is a well recognized way of gaining more knowledge about work, and of improving the quality of the computer application to be designed. Yet many experiences with user participation were gained under circumstances quite different from those of corporations in the 1990's - in the Scandinavian collective resource projects. This paper will argue that a lot can still be learned from these projects, in particular when it comes to the creation of conditions for participation.</p><p>The paper will present a recent project, the AT project, in order to discuss the concerns and conditions of participatory design projects today. This discussion seeks inspiration also in philosophical concerns regarding human development. The main message is that we shouldn't throw out the baby with the bath water, though certainly many aspects need to be rethought. The paper goes on to suggest that new alliances between groups in organizations, with due concern for their diversity of resources, and with constructive use of the conflicts inherent in the organization despite their fundamentally conflicting interests, may be a way forward in empowering organizations, making room for groups and individuals within them to act. The paper discusses experiences with ways of setting up design activities in such an environment.</p>

scholarly journals Prototyping Revisited: - design with users in a cooperative setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Bødker
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
Active User ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Paper Prototyping

In this paper, prototyping will be discussed from the point-of-view of user/designer cooperation in design. Active user participation in systems design is a way of improving the quality of the design process as well as the product - a computer application in use. To participate actively in design, users must be allowed to experience the future use situation in the design process. Various prototyping methods seem to offer valuable help in this process. Cooperation between users and designers, the mutual learning process, and hands-on experiences to reveal the triggering of proper operations is, however, only one side of the epistemological interests behind prototyping. At the same time, the practical solutions of different approaches are to some extent applicable but it is perhaps a good idea to reconsider the concept from the perspective of cooperation between users and professional designers.

Scandinavian Design: On Participation and Skill

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelle Ehn
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
And Control

In Scandinavia we have for two decades been concerned with participation and skill in the design and use of computer-based systems. Collaboration between researchers and trade unions on this theme, starting with the pioneering work of Kristen Nygaard and the Norwegian Metal Workers’ Union, and including leading projects like DEMOS and UTOPIA, has been based on a strong commitment to the idea of industrial democracy. This kind of politically significant, interdisciplinary, and action-oriented research on resources and control in the processes of design and use has contributed to what is often viewed abroad as a distinctively Scandinavian approach to systems design. This Scandinavian approach might be called a work-oriented design approach. Democratic participation and skill enhancement, and not only productivity and product quality, are themselves considered objective of design. [Based on the two research projects, DEMOS and UTOPIA, I have elaborated this approach in detail in Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts (1989). This paper is based on that work.] Two important features of participatory design shape its trajectory as a design strategy. The political one is obvious. Participatory design raises questions of democracy, power, and control in the workplace. In this sense it is a deeply controversial issue, especially from a management point of view. The other major feature is technical—its promise that the participation of skilled users in the design process can contribute importantly to successful design and high-quality products. Some experiences, perhaps most developed in Scandinavia, support this prediction and contribute to the growing interest in participatory design in the United States and other countries; by contrast, “expert” design strategies have too often turned out to be failures in terms of the usability of the resulting systems. These two features together suggest that there should be a strong link between the skill and product quality aspect of user participation and the democracy and control aspect, or else participatory design will be a deeply controversial issue from the point of view of the employees and trade unions. The trade-union-oriented democracy aspect of skill and participation in design is discussed in the first part of the chapter.

scholarly journals Perspectives on “Novel” Techniques for Designing Age-Friendly Homes and Neighborhoods with Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1800
Author(s):  
Katherine Brookfield ◽  
Iain Scott ◽  
Anthea Tinker ◽  
Catharine Ward Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Worldwide, growth in the older population creates a pressing need to develop supportive environments that enhance quality of life as people age. Too often, built environments present barriers and challenges to older adults that compromise independent living and adversely affect health and life outcomes. Designing homes, buildings, and neighborhoods with older adults, through exercises in participatory or co-design, could help ensure that environments are better able to facilitate healthy aging. However, while it is potentially advantageous to involve this age group in environmental design decisions, doing so can be difficult. Analysis of and guidance on effective ways to involve older adults in these activities could make the challenge easier. With this aim in mind, this article provides critical perspectives on eight “less traditional” engagement techniques—walking interviews, photovoice, photo-elicitation, Talking Mats®, participatory mapping, drawing, model-making, and the “Design Fair”. Insights into the strengths and limitations of these techniques, gained from observation of their use in participatory design activities, as well as feedback collected from older co-design participants, are presented. The article concludes by offering a number of practical recommendations for those interested in designing age-friendly homes and neighborhoods with older people.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Idea of Participatory Design with BIM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Emrah Turkyilmaz ◽  
Muhammet Berkay Kizilkan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
The World ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Open Access Article

This study aims to investigate the participatory design by using BIM concept and how to increase the quality of life through BIM during the design and usage process. For this purpose, user participation and BIM relationship examined through examples from the world. This paper describes a BIM framework which enables designers to involve users by using information technology. It demonstrates that participatory design approach combined with BIM can make a significant contribution towards an increase in performance in building and in the quality of life.Keywords: BIM; participatory design; collaboration; user needseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1737

The Practice of Solving Product Quality Problems Obtained through the Use of Design Activities at Car Assembly Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
V.N. Kozlovsky ◽  
◽  
D.I. Blagoveshchensky ◽  
A.V. Kritsky ◽  
U.V. Brachunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Assembly Plants

The paper presents the results of the development and implementation of design approach tools for solving quality problems of new cars in operation. The generalization of the experience of the project teams in solving problems in the field of the quality of new vehicles in operation.

Software suite for determining the tilts of tower-type structures according to terrestrial laser scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 961 (7) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
A.V. Zubov ◽  
N.N. Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Software Suite ◽  
Current State ◽  
Visual Basic For Applications ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The authors describe a software suite for determining tilt degrees of tower-type structures according to ground laser scanning indication. Defining the tilt of the pipe is carried out with a set of measured data through approximating the sections by circumferences. They are constructed using one of the simplest search engine optimization methods (evolutionary algorithm). Automatic filtering the scan of the current section from distorting data is performed by the method of assessing the quality of models constructed with that of least squares. The software was designed using Visual Basic for Applications. It contains several blocks (subprograms), with each of them performing a specific task. The developed complex enables obtaining operational data on the current state of the object with minimal user participation in the calculation process. The software suite is the result of practical implementing theoretical developments on the possibilities of using search methods at solving optimization problems in geodetic practice.

scholarly journals 32.K. Skills building seminar: Using participatory health research to optimise psycho-oncological patient information material

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Information ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
User Participation ◽  
End Users ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Participatory Health Research ◽  
Practical Instrument

Abstract Patient information material (PIM) is omnipresent in healthcare. It is used to convey information or to familiarize potential end-users to offers of support. PIM recaps or elaborates on relevant information and offers recommendation for action. However, the quality of available PIM varies. When the formal and content-related quality of PIM is suboptimal, it not only fails to be effective but can also lead to uncertainty, misunderstandings, resistance or ignorance (e.g. of a support offer). Highly complex information requires much attention on the quality of the PIM, especially with respect to end-users (e.g. vulnerable groups). Excellent communication through the use of PIM is thus essential within complex interventions. Checklists, such as 'Discern' or 'PEMAT', as well as criteria catalogues or evidence-based patient information standards, may assist in the development, quality assessment and optimization of PIM. The inclusion of the end-users is recommended but for various reasons does not often take place. The innovative “integrated, cross-sectional Psycho-Oncology” (isPO) programme, offers needs-driven, professional support to all adult, newly diagnosed cancer patients early in their sickness trajectory. IsPO was developed in 2018. It was implemented and a formative evaluated in 2019. When developing this programme, different PIM were created top-down by the programme designers. During implementation, it became evident that these PIM materials required further improvement. A testing and optimization process started using the participatory health research (PHR) approach and was completed in a five-month period. A PIM-optimisation team was founded, which included the project partners involved in the network support, self-help organisations and the external evaluation institute. A practical instrument (PIM-checklist) for optimising the isPO-PIM was designed, piloted and used for testing by end-users, isPO service providers, and experts. Based on the recommendations in the checklist, the material was revised accordingly. Additionally, the PIM was completed with the design of two new components. Four optimisation rounds were conducted. The optimized PIM was tested on its comprehensibility (for end-users) and its usability (for service providers). During the presentations, the audience is invited to comment on critical questions that may appear during optimization (e.g. timing). Afterwards, there will be a skill building part with a focus on collaborative learning (45 minutes). First, we will focus on the requirements for a practical instrument that is handy for end-users, service providers and experts (mind mapping exercise). Finally, participants will be able to explore the following topics “World Café” discussion: (1) how to plan, conduct and communicate the development of optimization of PIM in a CI program, (2) what needs to be considered for the optimization (e.g. team composition, resources), and (3) how to continuously achieve end-userś participation. Key messages Excellent PIM are essential for a complex interventiońs success in practice and must include information and foster actionability. the iterative PIM design processes benefits from high user participation.

Managing User-Centered Design Activities in Distributed Agile Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Alyahya ◽  
Ohoud Almughram
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Agile Development ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
User Centered

Abstract The integration of user-centered design (UCD) activities into agile information systems development has become more popular recently. Despite the fact that there are many ways the merging of UCD activities into agile development can be carried out, it has been widely recognized that coordinating design activities with development activities is one of the most common problems, especially in distributed environments where designers, developers and users are spread over several sites. The main approach to coordinate UCD activities with distributed agile development is the use of informal methods (e.g. communication through using video conference tools). In addition to the temporal, geographical and socio-cultural barriers associated with this type of methods, a major limitation is a lack of awareness of how UCD activities and development activities affect each other. Furthermore, some agile project management tools are integrated with design platforms but fail to provide the necessary coordination that helps team members understand how the design and development activities affect their daily work. This research aims to support the effective management of integrating UCD activities into distributed agile development by (i) identifying the key activity dependencies between UX design teams and development teams during distributed UCD/agile development and (ii) designing a computer-based system to provide coordination support through managing these activity dependencies. In order to achieve these objectives, two case studies are carried out. Our findings revealed 10 main dependencies between UCD design teams and development teams as shown by six types of activity. In addition, the participatory design approach shows that developing a computer-based system to manage seven of these selected dependencies is achievable.

scholarly journals Preserving the Activities of Daily Living Independence in Late Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Pao-feng Tsai ◽  
Thomas Jakobs ◽  
Reid Landes
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Nursing Assistant ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Certified Nursing Assistant

Abstract Levels of Assistance (LoA) is an effective caregiving intervention for maintaining activity of daily living (ADL) independence. It is a structured, almost prescriptive, approach to encourage completing ADLs as independently as an elder’s capabilities permit. With appropriate prompts and assistance during dressing, elders can overcome disability, express retained competencies, and experience success. Simultaneously, caregivers learn to view their functions as maintaining the quality of life of able elders, and they receive reinforcement from elders who are more confident and happier. This study is a continuation of a previous project that created and tested a computer application training program for LoA in nursing homes. We refined the app to include grooming LoA and tested on 10 certified nursing assistant (CNA)/resident dyads at a local nursing home. The pilot results showed, although we did not see consistent improvement in CNA’s dressing LoA, we achieved 10% to 30% improvement in grooming LoA. This indicates that the dressing assistance training is able to transfer to grooming LoA. With only an average of one-hour app training, this improvement is cost effective as compared to training provided by care professionals. Future studies should consider incorporating a culture change strategy to improve CNAs’ intention for assisting elders. In addition, the training program should be offered in the initial hire to achieve maximum effect.

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