scholarly journals Litteratur efter orientalismen

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabry Hafez
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Status

Sabry Hafez: “Literature after Orientalism – The Enduring Lure of the Occident: Modernity, Canon and Translatability”After reflecting on the status and challenge of “world literature”, the article addresses three issues concerning orientalism: modernity, canon and translatability. The attraction to the West played a significant role in the formation of the modern Arabicliterary canon, despite Arabic culture’s long history and tradition of creating its own canon. Unlike the West, in which the concepts of canon and canonical literary texts goes only to the 18th century, Arabic culture has had its classics and classification of writers and works since pre-Islamic time and the idea of Mu’allaqat, when a few poems were selected to be hung on the walls of the Ka‘bah. The concept of classics, and the formation of the literary canon in the modern period, benefitted from some of the achievements of the past, but had its eyes on the occident, which was clearly in the desire to have works recognised by the West, first by its specialists, read orientalists, then by its literary circles. The intervention of the international literary field led to a crisis of canon and a distortion of the literary field in Arabic culture, which was already distorted by the intervention of the establishment. Finally, the article considers the marginal role Arabic literature plays in world literature today.

scholarly journals “MANARAGA” AND OTHER WRITINGS (Some Aspects of the Russian Literature Model Formation in the Russian Book Market)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Martin Lizon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Model Formation

The article compares the functioning of Russian fiction works in the artistic narrative (“Manaraga”, the short story of Vladimir Sorokin) and in the space of the Slovak book market. It draws attention to the relationship between the works of fiction value and a certain literary space, that is, to the problem of a literary canon formation (pantheon) as an essential component of the literature system. The value in the text is understood as the cultural (symbolic) capital of a work of art, awarded to it by a certain institution, within which the work is functioning. To a certain extent, this perception is opposed by its identification in Sorokin’s short story with economic capital (the cost of individual publications) and the profit expectation from the sale of books by publishers, since these two antagonistic capitals – the cultural and the economic one – are, according to Pierre Bourdieu [Bourdieu 2010], an integral part of literature existence in the literary field. The value of works of fiction in these two systems is considered by the example of the Russian literature model and its hierarchy presented in “Manaraga” and on the basis of the Russian literature model that has developed over the past 30 years in the Slovak book market. The article reveals the parallels between these two systems, which indicate: firstly, Sorokin’s reflection on the Russian literature functioning in the space of world literature; secondly, the essential importance of the value attributed to individual literary texts (the status of a classical writer, or a representative of world literature), as an essential factor of the Russian literature model formation in the Slovak book market.

A Thousand and One Nights and the Novel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Magical Realism ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Modern Arabic

This chapter examines the influence of Alf layla wa layla (A Thousand and One Nights), the ingenious Arabic cycle of stories, on the development of the novel as a literary genre. It shows that the Nights helped shape the European novel in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The chapter first explains how the French translation of the Nights and its popularity in Europe led to its incorporation in world literature, creating an enduring taste for “Orientalism” in many forms. It then considers how the Nights became integrated in modern Arabic literature and how Arabic novels inspired by it were used to criticize social conditions, dictatorial authority, and the lack of freedom of expression. It also discusses the Nights as a source of innovation for the trend of magical realism, as well as its role in the interaction between the Arab world and the West.

The past and monastic debate in the time of Bernard of Clairvaux

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Christopher Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Right Relationship ◽  
The Right

The period from the earlier decades of the eleventh century to the middle of the twelfth is characterized by a number of great debates on subjects which arose out of some of the most significant aspects of the institutions of the time. There wasthestruggle, that between kingdoms and priesthood, or empire and papacy as it has sometimes misleadingly been called, reflected in the huge folio volumes simply entitledLibelli de Lite. At a rather rarer, theological level, there was a great argument about the sacraments, particularly the Eucharist, which had implications both for the status of the clergy (in particular their links with their lay patrons), and for relations between those churches which looked to Rome for their guidance and those which, if they focused anywhere, looked to Constantinople. Somewhat between these two levels, people argued about the right relationship between secular and regular clergy, while within the monastic family there was dispute about the best way in which men, and to a much lesser degree women, could make their route heavenwards. A great deal no doubt was said about all these issues at the time which has now evaporated, but much was written down, the residue which survives making up a series of the most sustained discussions in the West on any kind of subject since the great theological controversies of the fourth and fifth centuries.

scholarly journals International Slavic Studies: Concepts, History and Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Formal Establishment ◽  
Slavic Studies

Abstract This paper departs from the definition of Slavistics and reviews the history of international Slavic studies, from its prehistory to its formal establishment as an independent discipline in the mid-18th century, and from the Pan-Slavic movement in the mid-19th century to the confrontation of Slavistics between the East and the West in the mid-20th century during the Cold War. The paper highlights the status quo of international Slavic studies and envisions the future development of Slavic studies in China.

scholarly journals Study and Classification of Tombstones of the Safavid Period (Ardabil City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Maryam Samari ◽  
Reza Rezalou
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Periods

Ardabil, now known as one of the provinces of the country, has been one of the oldest and ancient cities in various historical periods, including Islam. This province comes to the end of the majesty and power during the reign of Safavid. Tombstone is among the heritage of the past that reflects culture and civilization. The existence of a tombstone on the tombs of Islamic period has always been observed in all parts of Iran. Though this issue exists in most cultures, it has always been considered by Muslims as an indicator of burial in the culture of the Islamic era and of Iran. The purpose of this research is to identify and study tombstone in the relevant area during the Safavid period. According to the results, the status of Shia religion can be clearly seen in all the tombstones of the Safavid period of Ardabil. In fact, it can be said that the combination of art and belief has caused the tombs of stone to be of particular importance and variety, and the line drawn on them represents the beliefs and cultures, as well as the scope of the literature of this region. Most of the designs include Islamic designs, flowers and leaves, animal designs and Quranic verses. The method used in this study is based on field study

West Indian Writers Who Do Not “Translate As Well”: The Case of Trinidadian Writer Earl Lovelace

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grau-Perejoan
Keyword(s):  
Location Choice ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The West ◽  
Capacity To Act ◽  
Major Factors

This article discusses some of the major factors that can potentially work as agents of censorship in the promotion of postcolonial literary texts. In the discussion, centred on West Indian writing, the writer’s location, choice of topics and languages are foregrounded as the three major factors that account for the lack of promotion of a particular variant of West Indian writing. In particular, this paper is centred on the dearth of translations of texts by Trinidadian writer Earl Lovelace. The article argues that the figure of the literary translator has the capacity to act as a catalyst for change in the collective endeavour of reversing the aforementioned imbalance in the West Indian literary field.

From the Hashish in Breton to the Hashish in Golo

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-338
Author(s):  
May Hawas
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
World Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Mediator ◽  
French And English ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Modern Arabic

In the past decade a flurry of interest has appeared in the Surrealist Art and Liberty Group working in 1930s Egypt. Discussions of the circulation of Arabic literature have usually highlighted the important position of translation as cultural mediator. Thinking of modern Arabic literature as world literature obliges us to consider, however, that (colonial) languages such as French and English are in some ways creolized within, or inherent to, modern Arabic literature. The Surrealist practice of fluidity, that is, mixing artistic genres like literature and art, pushes interesting questions about the role of translation and bilingualism in Arabic world literature (or world literature written by Arabophone writers), and the need for language itself in world culture. For which national cultural sphere do we claim the work of the Egyptian Surrealists, and what kind of analytical mediator do we use to connect these works to others when translation is not available?

scholarly journals NARRATION TECHNIQUES IN THE STORY OF HAYY BIN YAQZAN BY IBN TUFAIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saeb KHUDAIR ◽  
◽  
Sura Ahmed SALIH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Arab Literature

Believing in our Arab heritage that our Arab heritage needs a second reading that shows its creativity and originality, we chose the story of Hayy Bin Yaqzan, which is considered one of the important literary texts in Andalusia, and many scholars considered it a message that others promised to be a story, and for the purpose of proving that it is a message or a story, we chose to apply narration techniques to it And the other thing is to prove that the stories of ancient Arab literature contain all the elements of narration that Western literature has talked about, meaning that our literature and our writers know these techniques, even if they are without theorizing them, as the West did. The research is divided into several axes: Who is Ibn Tufail? - What is the neighborhood of Bin Yaqzan? What is the purpose of the story and the scholars' opinions about it? - The elements of narration in the story of Hayy bin Yaqzan, which we gave a brief discussion of the meaning of narration and its elements in general and its elements in the story of Hayy bin Yaqzan in particular, and we have dealt with the elements of narration from an event, character, time and place in it, dialogue, style, description and conflict. We support what Muhammad Rajab Bayoumi said in his book (Andalusian Literature: Between Influence and Influence, p.137) "The story of Hayy Bin Yaqzan did not take its full share of analysis and clarification." In conclusion, we hope that we have succeeded in presenting a comprehensive summary of our topic, and that it be in the service of our Arabic literature and scholars.

scholarly journals “[…] Non urbs, tamen urbibus ipsa major.” The Image of The Hague in the Dutch Literature and Art of the 17th and 18th Century

Werkwinkel ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-66
Author(s):  
Marcin Polkowski
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Northern Renaissance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Dutch Literature

Abstract Although in the early-modern period The Hague was not officially a city, its identity was based on specifically urban features. During the 17th and 18th century, its ambiguous status was explored by the authors of verse urban encomia and prose descriptiones urbium. In this article, the presentation of The Hague will be first discussed on the example of Caspar Barlaeus’ Latin poem “Haga”, and Constantijn Huygens’ Dutch encomium “’s Gravenhage” from the Dorpen [Villages] cycle of epigrams. Then, the image of The Hague will be examined in the context of an allegorical representation by Jan Caspar Philips in Jacob de Riemer’s Beschryving van ‘s Graven-hage [Description of The Hague, 1730]. The concluding remarks address the question of how the transformation of the status of The Hague undertaken by these writers and artists may be understood in the context of the literary-historical geography of the Northern Renaissance which has been a special subject of research by Professor Andrzej Borowski.

WHERE EAST MEETS WEST: SUFISM, CULTURAL RAPPROCHEMENT, AND POLITICS

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Hatina
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
The Status

The growing gap in power and wealth between the West and the Muslim world from the end of the 18th century onward has engendered periodic demands for the rejuvenation of Islamic thought as a prerequisite for rehabilitating the status of the Muslim community. In Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, this quest for reform was led by Muslim modernists and Salafis (advocates of a return to ancestral piety and practice) in the late 19th century. Inter alia, these reformists opposed the gatekeepers of Islamic tradition—the establishment ʿulamaء as well as the popular Sufi orders or fraternities (ṭuruq). The Sufi orders were portrayed by their reformist adversaries as at best irrelevant to social change and at worst as responsible for the backwardness of Muslim society. Criticism of customs and ceremonies in popular Islam, especially the cult of saints—denounced as a deviation from Islam—also had nationalist overtones: these rituals were attacked for fostering national passivity and a detachment from reality, in addition to eliciting ridicule by foreigners. Religious reform was thus interwoven with the quest for national pride and power.

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