scholarly journals Scenariusze rozwoju starzejących się wsi = Development scenarios for aging villages

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Monika Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Population Structures

Rural settlements are subject to changes under the influence of various factors. One of them is the change of population structures and the progressive aging of rural population. Growing share of elderly inhabitants is an unprecedented phenomenon. The author examines and evaluates changes in demographic structures at the level of statistical villages in Poland for the period of 1960‑2011. The research attempted to indicate possible scenarios of development for demographically ageing villages.

DECISION STRATEGY CONCEPT TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-711
Author(s):  
M.A. Volokhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Decision Strategy ◽  
Saratov Region

Modern conditions for the development of market relations leave a significant imprint on all main aspects of rural life. The socio-economic situation of rural households is dangerously dependent on the fluctuations of various institutions, be it the labor institution, the food market or the production system. Under these conditions, increasing attention is being paid to the development of targeted programs to improve the living standard and the socio-economic situation of the population in rural settlements. The article discusses a methodological approach to assess the living standards of rural settlements in the context of municipal districts of the Saratov region, in particular, the Samoilovsky municipality. Basing on the participatory approach, categories of the rural population are determined by income level and a direct correlation dependence of the demographic situation (birth rate, mortality, migration rate) and the level of rural household income are revealed. The parameters of the resource of patience and the boundaries of the passive expectation for the poor and impoverished layers of the rural population, as well as the prerequisites for the passivity of the able-bodied population to participate in the processes of increasing their own well-being and well-being of others are determined. The conditions and parameters of the property status compelling the activation of the use of internal material and social sources of income are revealed. Three levels of decision-making strategies for improving the financial situation of the family are distinguished: employees, employers (agricultural enterprises and K(F)X), authorities (district administration). As a result, a concept of a decision-making strategy was developed to improve the material situation of households in rural settlements of the Saratov region. The economic factor (the size of wages) has one of the decisive effects on all the demographic processes taking place in society.

Spatial organization of rural territories

2021 ◽  
pp. 751-756
Author(s):  
Sevostyanov A.V. Sevostyanov A.V. ◽  
V.A. Sevostyanov ◽  
A.P. Spiridonova
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Complex Development

This article covers the issues raised by the objectives of the "The Program for complex development of rural territories" and its subprogram "Providing rural population with affordable and comfortable housing". The authors substantiate the concept "rural agglomeration" and make the suggestions on how to choose rural settlements and land plots suitable for large-scale development of low-density residential areas.

scholarly journals Model for assessing the effectiveness of rural authorities for a given financial security of the rural budget

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Tatyana S. Lukina ◽  
Oleg Yu. Patlasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Municipalities

The consolidation of municipalities of rural settlements in the Russian Federation has been revealed due to low financial security. The budgetary expenditures in rural municipalities have been analyzed; the dependence of the budgetary expenditures insufficiency for the solution of issues of local importance and stabilization of the rural population has been revealed. A model for assessing the effectiveness of the administrating authorities of rural settlements for possible adjustments of managerial influence in overcoming crisis phenomena in rural areas and involving the population in solving issues of local importance and local development has been proposed.

scholarly journals RURAL TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN: REALITIES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Bakhyt Kalykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Effective Development

The study deals with the formation of a model of sustainable and effective development of agriculture and rural areas as the main task of implementing the State agricultural policy. The relevance of the tasks set by the author lies in considering the living conditions in the countryside as an integrated approach to the country's economy in order to diversify the types of activities in rural areas, create new sources of income. The directions representing a new economic paradigm of rural development in Kazakhstan are justified. The ways of implementing a comprehensive policy are shown, which consists in the partnership of public structures, local governments, public organizations and private sector, so that in the future, rural areas will become the most important socioeconomic and ecological subsystem of society. One of the key issues in the development of a model of modernization of the Kazakh countryside - the methodology for assessing the strategy and taken measures are highlighted. It is noted that monitoring of a wide variety of regional situations in rural settlements is of great scientific importance in creating a reliable and objective basis for developing substantiated measures to improve the quality of life of the rural population and determining priorities. The author states that the implementation of the "Auyl - El besigi" program contributes to the development of support and satellite villages, which have the potential to increase the level of life and well-being of rural residents, modernize the social infrastructure of the SNP JSC "Fund for Financial Support of Agriculture" allocated significant amounts to ensure employment of the rural population. The program condition in the funded projects should be startups, proposals for non-agricultural areas of expansion of activities in rural areas.

scholarly journals Conditions for receiving the basic services by the rural population: the household aspect social innovations in the system of socio-economic relations

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
I. V. Prokopa ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Aspect Social

The article presents the results of the typologization of Ukraine’s rural settlements by the level of their provision by objects of the service sphere, which characterizes the conditions for the people to obtain a collection of vitally necessary services at the places of residence; and clarifies the changes, which have occurred in the social infrastructure of villages on the household level in the transformational period, and the perspectives to improve the access of the rural population to high-quality services according to the principles of the development of villages.

scholarly journals Development of the system of mandatory payments and taxation in the USSR in the early 1970s

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Astamur Anatol'evich Tedeev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Tax

This article explores the peculiarities of the system of mandatory payments and taxation in the USSR in the early 1970s. The author traces the amendments made to sectoral legislation (land, water, administrative, civil, etc.) and the corresponding improvement of the mechanism of collection of charges in this historical period. Special attention is given to the role of mandatory payments to be paid by rural population, changes in the procedure for collecting tax on sales, as well as clarification of the legal status and competence of inspection authorities. It is noted that the basic taxes paid by rural population in the early 1970s were the agricultural tax, income tax (from citizens who have income from agriculture in cities, workers, summer villages, and rural settlements) and ground rent. Analysis is conducted on the corresponding legislation and practice of its implementation. The conclusion is made that despite a range of decisions made with regards to providing incentives for agricultural tax, the cancellation of charges for the owners of livestock along with the state tax on horses of individual farms, reduced income tax rates and tax on single persons and citizens who have small families, the general the task for significant reduction of tax burden on the population has not been resolved. This was substantiated by fact that the mechanism of income taxation has undergone isolated changes, but its essential construct has not been revised. In the early 1970s, no reforms within the system of mandatory payments and taxation have been conducted in the Soviet Union.

Strategies for the demographic behavior of the rural population of the south of Central Russia in 1959–2010 at the district level

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Draw Conclusion

We consider a poorly studied topic related to the rural population movement at the level of particular regions. We study the districts of five regions of the Central Black Earth Region and adjacent regions over a long historical period of the late Soviet society and early of the post-Soviet period. We reveal dozens of facts of formal changes in the population of certain regions associated with administrative and territorial changes, especially with the transfer of a number of rural settlements to urban-type settlements or inclusion in the city boundaries. We establish that the prevailing, but not the only direction of demographic processes in 1959–2010 was a decrease in the number of inhabitants mainly under the influence of urbanization, and in the group of districts due to the Chernobyl disaster. We reveal that throughout the entire period remained a certain number of regions with developed industry, suburban agriculture, and transport infrastructure (in 2010 – 20 %), where the rural population grew. In the 1989–2010 period the depopulation rate in most other districts has slowed down compared to the previous segment. We draw conclusion that the thesis of the widespread and rapid extinction of the rural population does not have a factual basis.

scholarly journals Landscape Evolution and Simulation of Rural Settlements around Wetland Park Based on MCCA Model and Landscape Theory: A Case Study of Chaohu Peninsula, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13285
Author(s):  
Xin Fan ◽  
Wenxu Luo ◽  
Haoran Yu ◽  
Yuejing Rong ◽  
Xinchen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Development Scenarios

As a transitional zone between urban and rural areas, the peri-urban areas are the areas with the most intense urban expansion and the most frequent spatial reconfiguration, and in this context, it is particularly important to reveal the evolution pattern of rural settlements in the peri-urban areas to provide reference for the rearrangement of rural settlements. The study takes five townships in the urban suburbs, and explores the scale, shape, spatial layout, and spatial characteristics of the urban suburbs of Hefei from 1980 to 2030 under the influence of urban-lake symbiosis based on spatial mathematical analysis and geographical simulation software. The study shows that: (1) the overall layout of rural settlements in the study area is randomly distributed due to the hilly terrain, but in small areas there is a high and low clustering phenomenon, and the spatial density shows the distribution characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west”; (2) since the reform and opening up, there are large spatial differences in the scale of rural settlements in the study area. (3) Different development scenarios have a strong impact on the future spatial pattern of rural settlement land use within the study area, which is a strong reflection of policy.

scholarly journals Some theoretical and methodological directions for improving the support of rural settlements’ municipal budgets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Vera N. Rubtsova ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina V. Iliynskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Municipal Governance ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Internal Sources

Introduction. Solving the problem of improving the quality and standard of living of the Russian Federation’s rural population is associated with the need to develop and apply scientifically based support for municipal budgets of rural settlements to ensure the gradual transition of municipal budgets to replenishment from internal sources, generally accepted within the framework of the international concept of civic-oriented municipal governance. Theoretical analysis. The article develops theoretical problems of the formation of scientifically grounded support for rural settlements’ municipal budgets in conditions of their low budgetary provision. It reveals and scientifically substantiates the need for the development and application of theoretical and methodological foundations for supporting the municipal budgets of rural settlements for the subsequent transition of rural self-government to the implementation of the civic-oriented municipal governance concept based on internal sources of municipal budgets replenishment. Empirical analysis. Methodological directions of scientifically grounded support of Russian rural settlements’ municipal budgets are being developed. An indicator of the quality and standard of living of the rural population is proposed. It represents the expenditure of rural municipal budgets per capita of the rural population. The proposed indicator was calculated and studied at the level of expenditures of the municipal budgets of rural settlements in macro-regions of the Russian Federation per capita of the macro-regions’ rural population. A significant differentiation of the indicator by macro-regions of the Russian Federation was revealed. A significant differentiation of the proposed indicator’s value in macroregions of the Russian Federation has been revealed. The indicator of the rural municipal budgets expenditure per capita of Russian Federation’s rural settlements has been proposed, substantiated and calculated. The groups of Russian macroregions with the municipal budgets expenditures per capita of the rural population are higher, equal and lower than the indicator for the Russian Federation. Similar procedures were carried out on the basis of an empirical analysis of the rural settlements’ municipal budgets expenditures per capita of the rural population of the Russian constituent entities in macroregions with an agricultural orientation. Results. On the basis of the empirical analysis of indicators, characterizing the provision of the rural population with municipal services recommendations are proposed that can be used in the development of regulations governing the support of Russian rural settlements’ municipal budgets.

scholarly journals Geoinformation Analysis of the Potential of Human Resources of Agricultural Territories of Volgograd Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Natalya Khavanskaya ◽  
Vladimir Alyaev ◽  
Diana Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Territorial Structure

The purpose of this research is to assess the degree of auspiciousness of the human resources potential of the agricultural territories of Volgograd region, its territorial structure. The authors use the classical methodological approach of economic geography in conjunction with modern geographic information systems. The study includes three stages. The first is the collection and processing of statistical data on the main indicators of human resources of rural settlements such as number, density, age composition. The second stage includes the compilation of thematic maps for the selected indicators, the allocation of classes for the ranges of values of indicators and their spatial analysis. The third stage is the creation of an integrated map for a set of indicators with the allocation of territories according to the degree of auspiciousness of the potential of human resources. As a result, the main characteristics of the rural population of Volgograd region are identified. It has been established that most of the rural settlements belong to large rural settlements. Zones of increased and decreased density of the rural population are identified. According to the estimation of the age composition made by calculating the aging index, the rural population is in the stage of deep and very deep aging. Geoinformation mapping methods allow not only statistical processing of data, but also spatial analysis of the distribution of mapped indicators. The geoinformation analysis of the human potential of agricultural territories allows us to talk about the mosaic nature of its territorial structure, the alternation of territories with varying degrees of its development.

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