scholarly journals Landscape Evolution and Simulation of Rural Settlements around Wetland Park Based on MCCA Model and Landscape Theory: A Case Study of Chaohu Peninsula, China

Author(s):  
Xin Fan ◽  
Wenxu Luo ◽  
Haoran Yu ◽  
Yuejing Rong ◽  
Xinchen Gu ◽  
...  

As a transitional zone between urban and rural areas, the peri-urban areas are the areas with the most intense urban expansion and the most frequent spatial reconfiguration, and in this context, it is particularly important to reveal the evolution pattern of rural settlements in the peri-urban areas to provide reference for the rearrangement of rural settlements. The study takes five townships in the urban suburbs, and explores the scale, shape, spatial layout, and spatial characteristics of the urban suburbs of Hefei from 1980 to 2030 under the influence of urban-lake symbiosis based on spatial mathematical analysis and geographical simulation software. The study shows that: (1) the overall layout of rural settlements in the study area is randomly distributed due to the hilly terrain, but in small areas there is a high and low clustering phenomenon, and the spatial density shows the distribution characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west”; (2) since the reform and opening up, there are large spatial differences in the scale of rural settlements in the study area. (3) Different development scenarios have a strong impact on the future spatial pattern of rural settlement land use within the study area, which is a strong reflection of policy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Goddu Pavan Sai Goud ◽  
Ashutosh Bhardwaj

The use of remote sensing for urban monitoring is a very reliable and cost-effective method for studying urban expansion in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The advantage of multi-temporal spatial data and high data accuracy is useful in mapping urban vertical aspects like the compactness of urban areas, population expansion, and urban surface geometry. This study makes use of the ‘Ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite-2′ (ICESat-2) ATL 03 photon data for building height estimation using a sample of 30 buildings in three experimental sites. A comparison of computed heights with the heights of the respective buildings from google image and google earth pro was done to assess the accuracy and the result of 2.04 m RMSE was obtained. Another popularly used method by planners and policymakers to map the vertical dimension of urban terrain is the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). An assessment of the openly available DEM products—TanDEM-X and Cartosat-1 has been done over Urban and Rural areas. TanDEM-X is a German earth observation satellite that uses InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technique to acquire DEM while Cartosat-1 is an optical stereo acquisition satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) that uses photogrammetric techniques for DEM acquisition. Both the DEMs have been compared with ICESat-2 (ATL-08) Elevation data as the reference and the accuracy has been evaluated using Mean error (ME), Mean absolute error (MAE) and Root mean square error (RMSE). In the case of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), RMSE values 5.29 m and 7.48 m were noted for TanDEM-X 90 and CartoDEM V3 R1 respectively. While the second site of Bellampalli Mandal rural area observed 5.15 and 5.48 RMSE values for the same respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that TanDEM-X has better accuracy as compared to the CartoDEM V3 R1.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-224
Author(s):  
Olli Lehtonen ◽  
Markku Tykkyläinen

Abstract Despite strong secular economic growth after the crisis of 1990-93, most of rural Finland has continued to face severe job losses. By applying small-area analysis, this paper seeks to explain why some rural areas inevitably experience declining employment while others prosper and grow even faster than urban areas. The variation of job creation in rural small areas derives from local economic conditions, local demographic structure, proximity to larger centers, and natural conditions. Contrary to expectations, the coldest areas with nature reserves have passed the worst job loss. Those areas had a lower burden of declining primary industries than traditional agro-forest areas, and because of tourism, industry has expanded in some places in Lapland. The dependence of an area on the primary sector is a good indicator of the highest rural job losses during the urban-centric economic growth period. Especially the most resource dependent areas have lagged behind and fail in job creation on account of their uncompetitive industrial environment. Persistent labor surplus plagues such areas, implying that established policy measures have been unable to restructure and modernize traditional rural areas. Since Finnish rural and regional policies have been being inefficient they should be reformed especially in resource-based areas in a fundamental way.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Dipak Bahadur Adhikari

Informal sector plays a crucial role in employing a significant part of the economically active population of Nepal. The Nepal Labour Force Survey(NLFS) - 2017/18 has estimated around 62 percent of people to be currently employed in the informal sector. It is estimated that there are 84.6 percent of the currently employed who are informally employed in all industries as compare to formal employment 15.4 percent in Nepal. Employment is the main source of income of poor people which is still considered to be the most effective vehicle to take them out of poverty. People of rural areas are gradually coming to urban areas. So, economic growth and structural changes are increasingly linked to urbanization process. More people will live in urban settlements than in rural areas. Metropolitan cities of Nepal like Lalitpur can offer the lure of better employment, education, and healthcare and they also contribute disproportionately to the economy of the country. However, rapid urban expansion is often associated with poverty and rapid growth of informal sector urban area.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira da Costa Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Torres Codeço ◽  
Leonardo Soares Bastos ◽  
Raquel Martins Lana

Abstract Background: To achieve the goal of malaria elimination, it is important to determine the role of human mobility of maintain parasite transmission. The Alto Jurua basin (Brazil) has one of the largest prevalence of malaria vivax and malaria falciparum in the Amazon. The goal of this work was to estimate the contribution of human commutation on the persistence of malaria in this region using data from a origin-destination survey.Methods: Data from the origin-destination survey was used to describe the intensity and motivation for commutation between rural settlements and urban areas in two municipalities, Mancio Lima and Rodrigues Alves. The relativetime-person spent in each locality per household was estimated. A logistic model was fitted to estimate the effect of commuting on the probability of getting malaria for a householder from a zone of residence commuting to another zone.Results: Our main results suggest that this population is not very mobile. 96% of household reported spending more than 90% of the annual person-hour at localities within the same zone of residence. Study and work are the most prevalent motivations for commuting, 40.5% and 29.5% respectively. Spending person-hours in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred relative protection to the residents of urban Mancio Lima. On the other hand, spending time in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred protection against malaria for those living in urban Mancio Lima. The opposite effect occurs for those spending time in the rural areas of both municipalities.Conclusion: In the alto Jurua region, the place one lives is a stronger determinant of malaria risk than the place ones commute. These municipalities of a hotspot of Plasmodium transmission, thus understanding the main fluxes is essential to planning control strategies because the probability of getting malaria is dependent on the intensity of transmission of both, the area of origin and the area to which the displacement take place. The natural conditions for the circulation of pathogens such as the Plasmodium spp, combined with the pattern of mobility of humans in the Amazon, make clear the need of disease control perspective change. It is essential that intersectoral public policies be the basis for health mitigation actions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Baranchukov ◽  
Elena Korobova ◽  
Alexander Silenok ◽  
Irina Kurnosova

<p>Thyroid cancer is one of the most important medical problems. The disease often occurs in regions that have been exposed to radiation and where there is insufficient iodine in nature. Adequate intake of iodine is necessary for the functioning of the thyroid gland and the development of the mammalian fetus. Thus, in 1990, a special International Council for Combating Iodine Deficiency Disorders was established at WHO. Since 1990, the incidence of thyroid cancer in the world has increased by 169% (Dang et al., 2020). It can be assumed that such an increase is associated with early detection of the disease. However, in countries with high human development index (HDI), where the detection rate of the disease is 4-5 times higher than in low HDI countries, this indicator does not correlate with mortality from thyroid cancer. In our opinion, this is because the food sources must be considered. As local foods to the diet varies significantly between urban and rural areas, it is important to compare cases of thyroid cancer in them. For example, in rural areas of the United States, the overall incidence of thyroid cancer is 14% lower than in cities (McDow et al., 2020).</p><p>For the Bryansk region (the most affected by the Chernobyl accident in Russia) data on thyroid cancer also show a difference: in 27 regional centers (67% of the population), an estimate of the thyroid cancer incidence is 20.9 per 100 000 people per year (period from 1990 to 2019), while for other localities the rate is much lower (16.3). However, mortality from thyroid cancer in rural areas is 46% higher than in urban areas (0.89 and 0.60, respectively). Using a specialized GIS developed to study natural and man-made geochemical factors responsible for the spread of endemic diseases, we zoned the territory according to evaluated risk (Baranchukov et al., 2019).</p><p>Assessment of the risk of thyroid cancer turned out to be more effective for rural settlements (excluding the most contaminated area, where special measures were taken): the correlation between the calculated total natural and man-made risk and the incidence of thyroid cancer was significant and higher in rural areas (r=0.54, p=0.05, n=25) than in the main urban areas (r=0.27; p=0.17). The result of the study shows that the prevalence of thyroid cancer is associated, first of all, not with the level of diagnosis, but with the structure of nutrition, which ensures the entry of elements into the human body.</p><p>This study was funded by RFBR and BRFBR, project #20-55-00012.</p><p>References</p><p>Deng Y et al. Global Burden of Thyroid Cancer From 1990 to 2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e208759. Published 2020 Jun 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8759</p><p>McDow AD, et al. Impact of Rurality on National Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Long-Term Survival. J Rural Health. 2020 Jun;36(3):326-333. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12374. Epub 2019 May 17. PMID: 31099945</p><p>Baranchukov V et al. Application of Geoinformation Technologies for minimization of thyroid gland diseases in the impact areas of the radioiodine fallout, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-9000, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9000, 2020</p>


Author(s):  
Ozan Hovardaoglu ◽  
Seda Calisir-Hovardaoglu

This chapter investigates the influences of rural aging on traditional agricultural production in rural areas in Turkey concerning the traditional family as a social structure of accumulation. Traditional agricultural production in Turkey, which is generally characterized by subsistence farming, relies mostly on the unpaid family worker for survival. The influences of migration tendency of younger family members to urban areas and aging which becomes a physical challenge to remaining family members on traditional family seem to be prevalently studied and argued in the literature. As a new variable, this research focuses on the influences of a specific population, who recently returns to their rural origins from urban areas after retirement. It is found in this research that reverse migration does not only contribute to the increase of elderly population rates in rural settlements and thus rural aging; it also has direct impacts both on agricultural production and traditional family structures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-317
Author(s):  
Mihaela Hărăguș ◽  
Ionuț Földes

This paper aims to provide descriptive results about demographic trends (natality, mortality, and migration) and their effect on age structure in Romania in the past 30 years. We focus on analysing rural areas, since, while having a negative natural growth and negative net external migration values, internal migration has further affected rural areas by increasing the rate of population decline in many localities. Apart from describing rural areas at a general level, we also differentiate various rural localities according to two criteria, namely inclusion in functional urban areas of every county seat and the existence of marginalised communities within localities’ administrative territory. This differentiation allowed us to portray population characteristics within the broader context of uneven economic development across Romania. Various well-developed cities, known as magnet cities, contribute not only to an increase of population volumes in the surrounding rural settlements but also to other demographic discrepancies between the growth poles and the peripheries. Keywords: rural areas; demographic change; functional urban areas; marginalized communities.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caro-Mendivelso J ◽  
Elorza-Ricart JM ◽  
Hermosilla E ◽  
Méndez-Boo L ◽  
García-Gil M ◽  
...  

Objective: To analyse the association between MEDEA (Mortality in small areas of Spain and socioeconomic and environmental inequalities) index and mortality in urban and rural areas of Catalonia. Methods: An ecological study based on the analysis of census section.  The data source used for census section and variables to calculate the MEDEA index was the census (2001). Mortality data were obtained from System for the Development of Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP). The census sections were classified as rural or urban. The association between mortality and the socioeconomic index was analysed as categorical variable (quintiles). Poisson models were fitted to study the association between MEDEA index and mortality. Analysis was done with the STATA software, version 12. Results: In January 2009, a total of 4,526,071 adults (> 14 years old) were assigned to ICS (Institut Català de la Salut ) primary healthcare centres. The identified population lived in 5,214 census sections out of a total of 5,222 existing areas, from which 4096 (78.5%) were urban. The association between MEDEA quintiles and mortality was significant for urban areas excluding Barcelona: excess mortality was 5% (IRR = 1.05 IC 95% 1.01-1.10), being higher in urban areas (IRR = 1.11 95% CI 1.08 to 1.15) and even higher in Barcelona (IRR = 1.24 95% CI 1.18 to 1.31). This association was not significant for rural areas (IRR = 0.95 CI 95% 0.88-1.02). Conclusions:Socioeconomic deprivation, measured with the MEDEA index, was related with an increase in total mortality in urban areas of Catalonia. In rural areas there was no association with mortality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 282-308
Author(s):  
Rogério Augusto Figueiredo Coutinho ◽  
Antônio Dimas Cardoso ◽  
Simone Narciso Lessa

O ordenamento e planejamento territorial dos municípios vêm sofrendo intensas e profundas mudanças, seja pela imposição das forças produtivas e do capital, ou ainda pela necessidade de se adotar novos arranjos territoriais que atendam determinadas necessidades e particularidades locais, trazendo na sua esteira transformações de ordem socioeconômicas e ambientais, levando a vários tipos de investimento em planejamento com abordagens diferenciadas. O último processo de planejamento da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, qual seja, o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (PDDI-RMBH, 2009/2011), e o seu respectivo Macrozoneamento (MZ-RMBH, 2014), apontaram para a evidenciação da ocorrência de alguns processos socioespaciais desencadeados a partir de ações governamentais estruturantes, como é o caso do município de Confins, que já alterou toda sua legislação específica para estabelecer que o perímetro urbano, tal como definido no Plano Diretor vigente (Lei Complementar nº 012/2009), corresponde à totalidade das divisas municipais. Transformou, pois, todas as áreas/zonas rurais em áreas/zonas urbanas ou de expansão urbana. Buscou-se com esse estudo entender em que medida esse processo realizado em Confins foi derivado de disputas entre os vários interesses implicados na formação e no planejamento da Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. A justificativa do trabalho consistiu na importância de, por meio do estudo e análise dos efeitos desse processo de territorialização do município de Confins, jogar luz sobre o papel do Aeroporto (AITN), da pressão imposta pela implantação da Cidade Administrativa e do Vetor Norte, desembocando, em tese, na supressão dos espaços rurais, e, via de consequência, na produção dos correlatos espaços urbanos. Palavras-chave: metrópole, lugar, território, aeroporto, Confins, região metropolitana.   (TRANS)TRAINING OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF CONFINS AND ITS TERRITORIAL PLANNING ABSTRACT The planning and territorial planning of municipalities are undergoing intense and profound changes, either by the imposition of productive forces and capital, or by the need to adopt new territorial arrangements that meet certain local needs and particularities, bringing in its wake socioeconomic transformations And environmental, leading to various types of planning investment with differentiated approaches. The last planning process of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, namely the Integrated Development Master Plan of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (PDDI-RMBH, 2009/2011), and its respective Macrozoneamento (MZ-RMBH), pointed to The evidence of the occurrence of some socio-spatial processes triggered by structural governmental actions, as is the case of the municipality of Confins, which has already changed all its specific legislation to establish that the urban perimeter, as defined in the current Master Plan (Complementary Law No. 012 / 2009), corresponds to the totality of the municipal currencies. It has thus transformed all rural areas / areas into urban areas or areas of urban expansion. This study sought to understand to what extent this process carried out in Confins was derived from disputes between the various interests involved in the formation and planning of the Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. The justification of this work was the importance of studying the effects of this process of territorialization in the city of Confins, to shed light on the role of the Airport (AITN), the pressure imposed by the implementation of the Administrative City and the North Vector, Leading to the suppression of rural spaces, and consequently, in the production of related urban spaces. Keywords: metropolis, place, territory, airport, Confins, metropolitan region.   (TRANS)FORMACIÓN DEL MUNICIPIO DE CONFINS Y SU PLANIFICACIÓN TERRITORIAL RESUMEN El ordenamiento y planificación territorial de los municipios vienen sufriendo intensos y profundos cambios, sea por la imposición de las fuerzas productivas y del capital, o por la necesidad de adoptar nuevos arreglos territoriales que atiendan determinadas necesidades y particularidades locales, trayendo en su estera transformaciones de orden socioeconómicas y ambientales, llevando a varios tipos de inversión en planificación con enfoques diferenciados. El último proceso de planificación de la Región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, es decir, el Plan Director de Desarrollo Integrado de la Región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (PDDI-RMBH, 2009/2011), y su respectivo Macrozoneamiento (MZ-RMBH, 2014), se ha señalado para la evidencia de la ocurrencia de algunos procesos socioespaciales desencadenados a partir de acciones gubernamentales estructurantes, como es el caso del municipio de Confins, que ya alteró toda su legislación específica para establecer que el perímetro urbano, tal como se define en el Plan Director vigente (Ley Complementar nº 012/2009), corresponde a la totalidad de las divisas municipales. Transformó, pues, todas las áreas / zonas rurales en áreas / zonas urbanas o de expansión urbana. Se buscó con ese estudio entender en qué medida ese proceso realizado en Confins fue derivado de disputas entre los diversos intereses implicados en la formación y en la planificación de la Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. La justificación del trabajo consistió en la importancia de, a través del estudio y análisis de los efectos de ese proceso de territorialización del municipio de Confins, arrojar luz sobre el papel del Aeropuerto (AITN), de la presión impuesta por la implantación de la Ciudad Administrativa y del Vector Norte, desembocando, en tesis, en la supresión de los espacios rurales, y, por consiguiente, en la producción de los correlatos espacios urbanos. Palabras clave: metrópoli, lugar, territorio, aeropuerto, Confins, región metropolitana.


2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Dulepinskikh ◽  
Larisa Sycheva ◽  
Olga Yunusova

The article is devoted to the problems of the current state and prospects for the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation. The issues of the integrated development of rural areas are currently acquiring special relevance. The main factors in the development of non-urban areas are associated with the political, economic and social development strategy of the country. Considering the dynamics of changes in the number of municipalities, we observe a decrease in the number of rural settlements. The main reasons of this situation are considered: a decrease in the rural population, a decrease in the number of births in the countryside, an annual decline in natural population growth, an increase in deaths in rural areas. The existence of many problems of life in villages and villages is confirmed by a sociological survey of rural residents. The existing system for managing the development of rural areas definitely has positive results, but mainly where production has been preserved and operates. Enterprises that perform production activities in the countryside are most often city-forming. They help the municipality to solve economic and social problems. These organizations participate in program projects for the development of the territory with their own share of co-financing. They are primarily interested in creating decent living conditions in the countryside, an influx of population into rural areas, an increase in the number of ablebodied people and jobs. We have identified the main contradictions that hinder the integrated development of non-urban areas, contribute to the outflow of rural residents and the extinction of villages. But it is the “Population” indicator that is one of the determining ones when calculating subsidies in the territory for equalizing the budget, for solving issues of local importance related to the construction and repair of schools, maintenance of roads, maintenance of housing and communal services, provision of drinking water, etc. The article identifies the main directions for the further development of rural areas in order to enhance the socio - economic situation in the countryside.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document