scholarly journals Earnings Differences among Senior University Administrators: Evidence by Gender and Academic Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Colin F. Mang
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Vice Presidents ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Female Administrators ◽  
Career Experience ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Professional Fields

This study examines earnings inequality by gender and academic field among senior university administrators, including presidents, vice presidents, associate and assistant vice presidents, and deans, using data from the Canadian province of Ontario. While a 4.4 percent earnings gap between male and female administrators is initially identified, much of the gap is explained by earnings inequality across academic fields and by the career experience of the administrators. Administrators who specialize in professional fields such as engineering, health sciences, law, and social work earn between 12 percent and 33 percent more than administrators who specialize in liberal fields in the humanities and social sciences.

scholarly journals Earnings Differences among Senior University Administrators: Evidence by Gender and Academic Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Colin F. Mang
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Vice Presidents ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Female Administrators ◽  
Career Experience ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Professional Fields

This study examines earnings inequality by gender and academic field among senior university administrators, including presidents, vice presidents, associate and assistant vice presidents, and deans, using data from the Canadian province of Ontario. While a 4.4 percent earnings gap between male and female administrators is initially identified, much of the gap is explained by earnings inequality across academic fields and by the career experience of the administrators. Administrators who specialize in professional fields such as engineering, health sciences, law, and social work earn between 12 percent and 33 percent more than administrators who specialize in liberal fields in the humanities and social sciences.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Earnings in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dixon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Gender Earnings Gap ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Shifts

Changes in the distribution of individual earnings between 1984 and 1995 are examined using data from the Household Economic Survey. Several dimensions of changes in the earnings structure are considered, including measures of aggregate earnings inequality, the gender earnings gap and shifts in relative earnings by level of educational attainment. Changes in the variance of earnings are decomposed to identify more clearly the source of the tendencies towards and against greater inequality. Evidence is found of a rise in hourly earnings inequality among males over the decade. However, the effects of this trend on the total earnings distribution were offset by a rise in the female share of employment and a narrowing of the gap between male and female average hourly earnings.

Implementasi Data Mining dengan Algoritma C4.5 untuk Memprediksi Tingkat Kelulusan Mahasiswa

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hartanto Kamagi ◽  
Seng Hansun
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Time Pass ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
C4.5 Algorithm ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Test Result

Graduation Information is important for Universitas Multimedia Nusantara  which engaged in education. The data of graduated students from each academic year is an important part as a source of information to make a decision for BAAK (Bureau of Academic and Student Administration). With this information, a prediction can be made for students who are still active whether they can graduate on time, fast, late or drop out with the implementation of data mining. The purpose of this study is to make a prediction of students’ graduation with C4.5 algorithm as a reference for making policies and actions of academic fields (BAAK) in reducing students who graduated late and did not pass. From the research, the category of IPS semester one to semester six, gender, origin of high school, and number of credits, can predict the graduation of students with conditions quickly pass, pass on time, pass late and drop out, using data mining with C4.5 algorithm. Category of semester six is the highly influential on the predicted outcome of graduation. With the application test result, accuracy of the graduation prediction acquired is 87.5%. Index Terms-Data mining, C4.5 algorithm, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, prediction.

Private Pensions and the Gender Distribution of Fiscal Welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheál L. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Member States ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Gender Earnings Gap ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Welfare State

The provision of taxation relief to support pension savings has become a large and expensive aspect of the welfare state in many countries. Among OECD member states this exceeds $200 billion in revenue forgone each year. Previous research has consistently found this fiscal welfare to have pronounced regressive distributive outcomes. However, little is known about the gendered impact of these fiscal welfare supports, a void this article addresses. Using data for Ireland the article finds that the current structure of fiscal welfare supports notably favours males over females. Nominal contribution levels are higher among males, and males are more likely to be active contributors to pension savings. The associated tax supports are consequently skewed, with two-thirds received by men and one-third by women. This outcome suggests a continuation of the gender earnings gap into retirement and a discontinuity between longevity expectations and tax policy supports for pension provision.

scholarly journals Human Capital Disparities and Earnings Inequality in The Portuguese Private Labour Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick R. C. Almeida ◽  
João A. S. Andrade ◽  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
Marta Simões
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis paper examines human capital inequality and how it relates to earnings inequality in Portugal using data from Quadros de Pessoal for the period 1986–2017. The objective is threefold: (i) show how the distribution of human capital has evolved over time; (ii) investigate the association between human capital inequality and earnings inequality; and (iii) analyse the role of returns to schooling, together with human capital inequality, in the explanation of earnings inequality. Our findings suggest that human capital inequality, computed based on the distribution of average years of schooling of employees working in the Portuguese private labour market, records a positive trend until 2007 and decreases from this year onwards, suggesting the existence of a Kuznets curve of education relating educational attainment levels and education inequality. Based on the decomposition of a Generalized Entropy index (Theil N) for earnings inequality, we observe that inequality in the distribution of human capital plays an important role in the explanation of earnings inequality, although this role has become less important over the last decade. Using Mincerian earnings regressions to estimate the returns to schooling together with the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of real hourly earnings we confirm that there are two important forces associated with the observed decrease in earnings inequality: a reduction in education inequality and compressed returns to schooling, mainly in tertiary education.

scholarly journals Recent trends in employees’ earnings inequality in Portugal: A quantitative analysis between 1986 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-360
Author(s):  
Marta Simões ◽  
Adelaide Duarte ◽  
João Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Growth

This paper examines employees? earnings inequality in Portugal for 1986-2017 using data from the Personnel Records database. Our objective is twofold: (a) characterize earnings inequality by comparing representative distributions, before and after the great crisis; and (b) investigate the role played by the business cycle on the behaviour of earnings inequality by estimating Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) models. To identify trends and variations along the trend in earnings inequality we use cardinal measures and the coefficient of variation. We inspect the characteristics of earnings distributions in terms of moments (mean and median) and polarization (using relative distributions analysis). The main findings are: (1) earnings inequality shows a positive trend (except during the great crisis); (2) polarization is present in every year, with lower polarisation prevailing over upper polarization, both evolving at different paces (very fast 1989-2002; slower pace 2002-2008; negative growth 2008-2017); (3) the business cycle relationship with earnings inequality is negative.

scholarly journals Do selective schooling systems increase inequality?

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Simon Burgess ◽  
Matt Dickson ◽  
Lindsey Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Adult Earnings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
School Assignment

Abstract We investigate the impact on earnings inequality of a selective education system in which school assignment is based on initial test scores. We use a large, representative household panel survey to compare adult earnings inequality of those growing up under a selective education system with those educated under a comprehensive system in England. Controlling for a range of background characteristics and the current location, the wage distribution for individuals who grew up in selective schooling areas is substantially and significantly more unequal. The total effect sizes are large: 24% of the raw 90–10 earnings gap and 19% of the conditional 90–10 earnings gap can be explained by differences across schooling systems.

Dynamics of the Gender Earnings Inequality in Reform-Era Urban China

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangye He ◽  
Xiaogang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Gender Earnings Gap ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Level Statistics ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Multi Level

This article examines the differential impacts of marketisation and economic development on gender earnings inequality in reform-era urban China. Based on data from the 2005 population mini-census with prefecture-level statistics, we distinguish the effect of economic development from that of marketisation on the gender earnings gap. Multi-level analyses reveal that marketisation and economic development have affected gender inequality in different ways: whereas market forces have exacerbated gender earnings inequality, economic development has reduced it. Overall, marketisation appears to be the main driver of the increase in gender earnings inequality in urban China. Implications for policies promoting gender equality in China are discussed.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Review of Marriage Markets: How Inequality is Remaking the American Family by Carbone and Cahn

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Cornelson ◽  
Aloysius Siow
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Marriage Markets ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Wage Distributions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Quantitative Impact

June Carbone and Naomi Cahn argue that growing earnings inequality and the increased educational attainment of women, relative to men, have led to declining marriage rates for less-educated women and an increase in positive assortative matching since the 1970s. These trends have negatively affected the welfare of children, as they increase the proportion of poor, single-female-headed households. Using data on marriage markets defined by state, race and time, and the Choo–Siow marriage matching function, this review provides a quantitative assessment of these claims. We show that changes in earnings inequality had a qualitatively consistent but modest quantitative impact on marriage rates and positive assortative matching. Neither changes in the wage distributions nor educational attainments can explain the large decline in marriage rates over this period. (JEL C78, D63, J12, J15, J16, J31)

scholarly journals A EDUCAÇÃO PRODUTIVA E A PRODUTIVIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO: consequências do produtivismo acadêmico

Revista Foco ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Renner Coelho Messias Alves ◽  
Victor Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Loreane Da Silva Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Emancipatory Education ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University

Entende-se que na atual conjuntura o produtivismo acadêmico distancia a educação universitária do seu objeto original. Assim, crescentemente, o aumento das publicações de trabalhos acadêmicos não reflete um aumento da capacidade emancipatória dos atores envolvidos no contexto educacional, principalmente nos discentes de programas de pós-graduação. Diante disso, este artigo busca contrapor a educação produtiva e emancipatória ao produtivismo da educação implementado no ensino superior brasileiro. A relevância desta pesquisa consiste na proposta de reflexão sobre alterações de regras relacionadas ao campo acadêmico. Metodologicamente, a investigação ocorreu no fim do primeiro semestre de 2016. Além disso, utiliza-se neste artigo a revisão da literatura sobre o fenômeno aqui tratado, com consultas aos dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Também se faz um levantamento quantitativo da publicação de artigos na última década em três revistas brasileiras e, por fim, uma entrevista com um coordenador de um programa de mestrado em administração no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ao concluir, acredita-se que a essência da educação se perde frente ao atual sistema produtivista. Nowadays, the academic productivism dare the university education of its original spirit object. So, the raise in publishing academic work does not reflect an increase of emancipatory capacity of the actors involved in the educational context, even though in students of graduate programs. Thus, this article seeks to counter productive and emancipatory education to the education based on productivism, implemented in Brazilian higher education in the last years. The relevance of this research consists in a proposal of reflection on the change of rules related to the academic field. Methodologically, a survey was carried out at the end of the first half of 2016. In addition, a review of the literature on the phenomenon discussed here is used in this article, using data from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Also made a quantitative survey of the publication of articles in the last decade in three Brazilian journals and, finally, an interview with a coordinator of a master's program in administration in the State of Rio de Janeiro. At the end, it is believed that the essence of emancipatory education is damaged against the current productivist system.

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