scholarly journals Los cimientos de La Casa de las Luces. Enclave rural en clave cultural

2020 ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Virginia Zanón
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Rural Culture ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Village

Resumen: El presente artículo pretende mostrar los primeros pasos de La Casa de las Luces, un proyecto cultural que nace con el objetivo de poner en valor el rico patrimonio cultural y natural del pueblo de Titaguas y su entorno. El impulso a la iniciativa por parte del Ayuntamiento busca enriquecer la vida cultural del pueblo, así como revitalizar un turismo de calidad que redunde en el desarrollo y bienestar de toda la comarca de La Serranía. La sede que ha de albergar el centro –la tradicionalmente conocida como “Casa del Tío Florencio”- es una construcción de mediados del siglo XVIII, de gran valor histórico y etnológico. El edificio se encuentra en pleno proceso de rehabilitación, y con el avance del proyecto ve garantizada su conservación y apertura al público. El discurso de su contenido otorgará un especial protagonismo a Simón de Rojas Clemente (1777-1827), personaje clave de la Ilustración y el primer liberalismo valencianos, y célebre vecino titagüeño. A través de la biografía del botánico se revisarán tanto los valores universales de la Ilustración como la cultura local y la riqueza natural que plasmó en sus escritos, así como los avatares históricos y políticos de su tiempo, de los que fue testigo de excepción. En clave de experiencia, mostramos aquí las particularidades del proyecto, los objetivos que persigue su diseño y las ventajas e inconvenientes que surgen durante el establecimiento de un centro de nueva creación como este.  Palabras clave: Simón de Rojas Clemente, Titaguas, La Casa de las Luces, patrimonio, rural, cultura.  Abstract: This paper aims to summarize the first steps of “La Casa de las Luces” (The House of Lights), a cultural project intended to emphasize the rich heritage, both cultural and natural, of Titaguas and its environment. The impulse of this initiative by the town hall, is to enrich the cultural life of the village, while also revitalizing a quality tourism that would benefit the development and welfare of the region of La Serranía. The headquarters of the center –traditionally known as “Casa del Tío Florencio” – is a  construction from the mid-18th century, of great historical and ethnological value. The building is currently in the process of rehabilitation, and this project guarantees its conservation and opening to the public. The information in its interior will give a special role to Simón de Rojas Clemente (1777-1827), a key figure of the Enlightenment and first Liberalism in Valencia, and notorious citizen of Titaguas. Through the biography of this remarkable botanist, the universal values of the Enlightenment and the local culture and natural wealth described in his works will be revisited, along with the historical and political events of his time, of which he was an exceptional witness. In terms of experience, we show here the peculiarities of the project, the objectives of its design and the advantages and disadvantages that arise during the establishment of a newly created center like this.  Keywords: Simón de Rojas Clemente, Titaguas, La Casa de las Luces, heritage, rural, culture.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE FORMER KETSKAYA VOLOST

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rich History

The article considers the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the former Ketskaya volost, which is currently a part of the Tomsk region. The formation of Ketsky prison and the architecture of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost are studied. Little is known about the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the Tomsk region and the problems of preserving historical settlements of the country.The aim of this work is to study the formation and development of the village architecture of the former Ketskaya volost, currently included in the Tomsk region.The following scientific methods are used: a critical analysis of the literature, comparative architectural analysis and systems analysis of information, creative synthesis of the findings. The obtained results can be used in preparation of lectures, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.The scientific novelty is a study of the historical and cultural heritage of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost, which has not been studied and published before. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is theoretical works of historians and architects regarding the issue under study as well as the previous  author’s work in the field.It is found that the historical and cultural heritage of the villages of the former Ketskaya volost has a rich history. Old historical buildings, including religious ones are preserved in villages of Togur and Novoilinka. The urban planning of the villages reflects the design and construction principles of the 18th century. The rich natural environment gives this area a special touch. 

scholarly journals UN PRECEDENTE REMOTO DE LA JUDICIAL REVIEW: EL CONTROL JUDICIAL DE LA LEGISLACI�N DE LAS COLONIAS AMERICANAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Fern�ndez Segado
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Higher Law ◽  
First Time

Los primeros esbozos de la judicial review en Norteam�rica han de situarse en el per�odo colonial. En esa etapa el dictum de Coke en el Bonham�s case se iba a convertir en la fuente m�s importante de la revisi�n judicial de la legislaci�n. La introducci�n de la revisi�n judicial presupon�a la idea de la existencia de un Derecho fundamental, esto es, un Derecho superior que los estatutos de las asambleas legislativas coloniales hab�an de respetar. En el siglo XVIII los colonos iban a encontrar unos s�lidos puntos de apoyo para su idea acerca de la existencia de un Derecho fundamental en esas impresionantes construcciones doctrinales de la Ilustraci�n que son los tratados sistem�ticos sobre el Derecho natural e internacional. Las Cartas coloniales, otorgadas por el Rey, se consideraron por los tribunales vinculantes respecto a las Legislaturas coloniales, aplic�ndose como Derecho superior. En el caso Giddings v. Brown (1657) el dictum de Coke recibi� por primera vez aplicaci�n pr�ctica al otro lado del Atl�ntico. En la decisi�n de este caso el Juez Symonds escrib�a �que donde una ley es contraria a un Derecho fundamental, es nula�. Tambi�n el Privy Council, en el ejercicio de su jurisdicci�n de apelaci�n respecto de los tribunales coloniales, iba a llevar a cabo una revisi�n judicial de la legislaci�n colonial. Su anulaci�n judicial de los estatutos coloniales se ha equiparado a la revisi�n judicial de la legislaci�n. De hecho, en el caso Winthrop v. Lechmere (1727), el Privy Council declar� la nulidad de una ley de Connecticut de 1699, la Ley para la soluci�n de las propiedades intestadas, declar�ndola nula y sin valor a causa de que era �contraria a las leyes de Inglaterra en cuanto que convert�a tierras heredadas en distribuibles como propiedades personales y esto no estaba autorizado por la Carta de la Colonia�. En resumen, la etapa colonial, incluso bastante antes de James Otis y del Writs Assistance Case, nos ofrece algunos ejemplos de aplicaci�n de la doctrina de la revisi�n judicial de la legislaci�n y, sobre todo, nos revela que tal doctrina era muy bien conocida y admitida en amplio sectores del mundo jur�dico colonial. Palabras clave: Cartas coloniales, Constituci�n antigua; Derecho fundamental; Dictum de Coke; Judicial review; Legislaci�n colonial; Privy Council; Tribunales coloniales. ABSTRACT The first sketchs of the judicial review have to place in the colonial period. In this age, the Coke�s dictum in the Bonham�s case became the most important single source of the notion of judicial review. The introduction of the judicial review presupposed the idea of a fundamental law, that is, a superior law that the colonial laws had to respect. In the 18th century the colonists should find firm bases for his idea about the existence of a fundamental law in those impressive doctrinal constructions of the Enlightenment, the systematic treaties on natural and international law. The colonial Charters granted for the King were considered by courts binding for the legislatures and they were applied as a higher law. In the Giddings v. Brown case (1657), for the first time, the Coke�s dictum received practical application in the other side of the Atlantic. In the ruling of this case the Judge Symonds wrote �that where a law is repugnant to fundamental law, it is void�. Likewise, the Privy Council, in the practice of its appeal�s jurisdiction in relation to colonial courts, carried out a judicial review of the colonial legislation. Its judicial annulment of the statutes has been compared to the function of judicial review. In fact, in the Winthrop v. Lechmere case (1727), the Privy Council declared that an Act of Connecticut, the Act for the Settlement of Intestates Estates (1699) was null and void because it was �contrary to the laws of England, in regard it makes lands of inheritance distributables as personal estates, and it is not warranted by the Charter of that Colony�. In short, the colonial epoch, even long before of James Otis and the Writs of Assistance Case, offers us some examples of the application of the judicial review of legislation doctrine and, above all, it reveals us that a such doctrine was very well knew and acknowledged in considerable sectors of the legal colonial world. Key words: Ancient constitution; Coke�s dictum; Colonial courts; Colonial legislation; Charters; Fundamental law; Judicial review; Privy Council.

Epidemie i choroby w doniesieniach polskiej prasy rękopiśmiennej z drugiej połowy XVIII w.

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Adam Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Deadly Disease

The advancement of medical knowledge in Europe and Poland of the Enlightenment did not completely eliminate the recurring epidemics of infectious diseases. The plague, which gave way from Western Europe to reappear on Polish soil several times in the second half of the 18th century. The study is devoted to the problem of presenting epidemics and diseases to the public, or rather to the process of informing the public about them, also about other human diseases, such as typhus or smallpox, but also mental ailments in the so-called written newspapers, edited cyclically for specific recipients. It was a characteristic information medium that existed alongside the titles of the printed press. For this reason, apart from the analysis of the dominant narrative of the handwritten press, reference was also made to reports of its printed counterpart during the great plague epidemic of the early 1770s. The newspaper information concerned mainly the specter of the plague threat from the south-eastern borderlands of the country, mainly the areas of Podolia or Volyn, which, however, triggered preventive measures and quarantine even in Warsaw, but also descriptions of local outbreaks of this deadly disease. The first was also mentioned reports on vaccinations. Epizooties, mainly mass cattle sickness, are discussed separately.

The Age of Enlightenment and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Boto
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
State Guard

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that took place in Europe in the 18th century, whose main characteristic was criticism. For the Enlightenment theorists, it was assumed that the idea of reason should be the basis of all actions taken in every sphere of social life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the entanglement between Enlightenment and education. In order to do so, we first resort to Kant’s thought. Kant characterizes the Enlightenment as man’s emergence from his own immaturity, defining immaturity as the inability to use one’s own understanding. One can say that the Enlightenment has an intrinsic pedagogical dimension. The enterprise of Diderot’s Encyclopedia consisted of a project that could be regarded as pedagogical, since it aimed at spreading the new breakthroughs of knowledge in all fields to an increasing number of people. The belief of the Enlightenment was that progress in science and technology did not only depend on advances in accumulated knowledge. The achievements of science would also—beyond the new discoveries in the various fields of knowledge—be furthered through the irradiation of that knowledge. The expansion of access to the achievements of science for an increasing number of people was one of the main objectives of the Enlightenment theorists, and particularly of the Encyclopedia. It should be noted that these pedagogical projects were based on the thesis that the schooling of society was a strategy with which to secure and consolidate the path of reason, and to protect it against dogmas and prejudices against it. For this reason, the Enlightenment consisted of organization of the intellectual world, whereby the activity of thought effectively became a struggle in favor of freedom of reasoning and freedom of belief. In the Enlightenment ideas of education as set out in Diderot’s Plan of a University or of a Public Education in All Sciences, written while he was under state guard, one can see how the idea of instruction is linked to the concept of civilization. It was believed that, through education, the nation could be enlightened, and the people would also be better prepared to live as good citizens. In addition, it was believed that school education would give people the opportunity to develop the talents nature had endowed them with. The idea was that allowing everyone to have free access to the instruments of rationality and freedom of judgment would bring about the possibility of a fairer, more egalitarian society in which distinctions between its citizens were based on merit rather than inequalities of fortune. Finally, Condorcet’s proposal for the organization of the public education undoubtedly constitutes the matrix of our contemporary idea of the state school. To develop reason presupposes, from the point of view of the Enlightenment, using the instruments of that reason so it can be expressed. This implied the formation of public opinion, which was, per se, a pedagogical task. Also, and most importantly, this implied the necessity of the creation of schools.

scholarly journals Planowanie przestrzeni publicznej na wsi w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim = Planning public space in the rural areas of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jaszczak
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Rural Identity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Renewal Program ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Village

Planning the public space as part of the “village renewal” should be based on rural identity and its traditions, but on the other hand also on contemporary design trends. “Village renewal” is a joint action of local authorities, experts and – above all – inhabitants, aimed at improving the quality of life, aesthetics of the surrounding area, protecting and shaping the landscape, and implementing social initiatives. In the region of Warmia and Masuria, the Marshal Office plays a special role in accomplishing the “renewal” tasks. Regional authorities coordinate the renewal program and undertake numerous social and cultural initiatives, organize trainings, conferences and thematic workshops. The paper briefly presents the role of the “Village Renewal Program” in the context of planning the public space. Main assumptions for creating such space based on social participation and expert assistance were also determined. The author presented examples of projects in selected villages of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship, including these from the “Active Village of Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle” program. The paper highlighted positive results of these activities, but has also referred to existing problems.

scholarly journals Obstacles encountered by four major European astronomical observatories belonging to academies in the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-441
Author(s):  
Eric Chassefière
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Rich

It is known that, in the first half of the 18th century, the conditions for astronomy at the Imperial Observatory of St-Petersburg, directed by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, were comparable to those enjoyed by astronomers at the royal observatories of Paris and Greenwich created in the previous century. But what about the public observatories created in the first half of the 18th century in Berlin, Uppsala and Bologna? The rich correspondence maintained by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle with the astronomers working in these observatories provides elements of an answer to this question. It also provides more precise information on Delisle’s working conditions at the St-Petersburg Observatory. In this article, we present a comparative analysis of the obstacles encountered by astronomers at these different observatories, and the particular contexts in which they operated, including a breakdown by observatory of salaries and expenditure on astronomy equipment.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

Biblical Literacy and the English King James Liberal Bible

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
James Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Biblical Literacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Arena ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Liberal Capitalism ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Popular Nationalism ◽  
King James Bible

Using the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible as a test case, this article illustrates some of the important ways in which the Bible is understood and consumed and how it has continued to survive in an age of neoliberalism and postmodernity. It is clear that instant recognition of the Bible-as-artefact, multiple repackaging and pithy biblical phrases, combined with a popular nationalism, provide distinctive strands of this understanding and survival. It is also clear that the KJV is seen as a key part of a proud English cultural heritage and tied in with traditions of democracy and tolerance, despite having next to nothing to do with either. Anything potentially problematic for Western liberal discourse (e.g. calling outsiders “dogs,” smashing babies heads against rocks, Hades-fire for the rich, killing heretics, using the Bible to convert and colonize, etc.) is effectively removed, or even encouraged to be removed, from such discussions of the KJV and the Bible in the public arena. In other words, this is a decaffeinated Bible that has been colonized by, and has adapted to, Western liberal capitalism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document