scholarly journals TOXICITY TEST OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TOXIC EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE AND HEAVY METALS ON CHICKEN EMBRYOS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita SZABÓ ◽  
Dalma CSONKA ◽  
László MAJOR ◽  
József LEHEL ◽  
Péter BUDAI
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Developmental Anomalies ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chicken Eggs

The aim of this study was to determine the individual and combined toxicity of Glialka Star herbicide (glyphosate 360 g/l) and heavy metals (copper and cadmium) on the development of chicken embryos. On the first day of incubation, chicken eggs were injected by 0.1 ml of the test materials. The applied concentration of copper and cadmium sulphate was 0.01% and that of herbicide Glialka Star was 2%. The chicken embryos were examined on day 19 by the followings: rate of embryo mortality, body mass, type of developmental anomalies by macroscopic examination. The body weight was evaluated statistically by oneway ANOVA combined with Dunnett post-test, the embryo mortality and the developmental anomalies were analysed by Fisher test. Our teratogenicity study revealed that the combined administration of heavy metals (copper, cadmium) and glyphosate (K-salt) containing herbicide formulation caused significant reduction in the body weight of embryos and a significant increase in the rate of embryonic mortality and the incidence of developmental anomalies. The joint toxic effect of heavy metals and Glialka Star is an additive effect compared to the individual toxicity of the test materials.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON JOINT TOXIC EFFECTS OF A GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE (FOZÁT 480) AND A HEAVY METAL (CADMIUM) ON CHICKEN EMBRYOS

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita SZABÓ ◽  
Géza SZEMERÉDY ◽  
Éva KORMOS ◽  
József LEHEL ◽  
Péter BUDAI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Weight Data

The aim of the study was to determine the individual and combined toxic effects ofthe herbicide Fozát 480 (glyphosate [isopropylamine salt] 480g/l) and cadmiumsulphate (CdSO4) on the development of chicken embryos. On the first day ofincubation, chicken eggs were injected with 0.1 ml of cadmium sulphate solution(0.1%) and/or with 0.1 ml of Fozát 480 (2.0%). The chicken embryos wereexamined on the 19th day by measuring the rate of embryo mortality and bodyweight and by identification of different types of developmental anomalies andmacroscopic malformations. The body weight data were statistically evaluated byone-way ANOVA and Dunnett tests, while the embryonic mortality and thedevelopmental anomalies were analysed by Fisher test. Our teratogenicity studyrevealed, that the combined administration of cadmium sulphate and glyphosate(isopropylamine salt) containing herbicide formulation caused a significantreduction in the body weight of embryos and increased the rate of embryonicmortality. The joint toxic effect of cadmium sulphate and Fozát 480 is an additiveeffect compared to the individual toxicity of the test materials.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Factors Influencing Body Weight Variation in Hanwoo Steers Using an Automated Weighing System

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Cho ◽  
Seoyoung Jeon ◽  
Mingyung Lee ◽  
Kyewon Kang ◽  
Hamin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the body weight (BW) of Hanwoo steers by collecting a large number of BW measurements using an automated weighing system (AWS). The BW of 12 Hanwoo steers was measured automatically using an AWS for seven days each month over three months. On the fourth day of the BW measurement each month, an additional BW measurement was conducted manually. After removing the outliers of BW records, the deviations between the AWS records (a) and manual weighing records (b) were analyzed. BW measurement deviations (a − b) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by month, day and the time within a day as well as the individual animal factor; however, unexplained random variations had the greatest impact (70.4%). Excluding unexplained random variations, the difference between individual steers was the most influential (80.1%). During the day, the BW of Hanwoo steers increased before feed offerings and significantly decreased immediately after (p < 0.05), despite the constant availability of feeds in the feed bunk. These results suggest that there is a need to develop pattern recognition algorithms that consider variations in individual animals and their feeding patterns for the analysis of BW changes in animals.

Nutritional Status For Increasing Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Pipit Pitriani ◽  
Basiran Basiran ◽  
Nida'ul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity

Nutritional status in athletes is one of the important factors that affect athlete performance. Athlete's knowledge of nutrition is still lacking. Malnutrition and other health problems are found many in athletes. The purpose of this activity is trained athletes to improve the understanding of nutritional status and measure anthropometry to improve performance. This training contains materials that is needed to improve athlete's knowledge on nutritional status and anthropometric measurements. Further it can be used in the training process or in match conditions. This community service activity was attended by 29 participants consisting of female and male athletes as well as handball trainers. The activity is carried out online. Before and after the training participants fill out a google form for data on body weight, height, and questions about training materials. From the results of data processing, the average height for male athletes was 176 ± 6.33cm and for female athletes 164 ± 5.79cm. Meanwhile, the body weight of female athletes is 60.5 ± 8.3kg and male athletes are 74.02 ± 9.05kg. BMI in female athletes is 22.5 ± 2.2kg / m2 and in male athletes 23.88 ± 1.88 kg / m2. The mean pre-test score for female athletes was 60.35 ± 11.09, while for male athletes it was 60.35 ± 14.69. The average post-test score for female athletes was 67.85 ± 11.90, while for male athletes the average post-test score was 72.5 ± 9.20. Thus, the difference (gain) change in post-test scores to pre-test in female athletes is 12.43% and 20.12% in men. From this training, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the knowledge of handball athletes regarding nutritional status, nutrition, and dietary regulation in athletes. It is hoped that further this community service activity can be carried out in terms of determining the calorie and nutritional needs of athletes as well as athletes can be given knowledge about how to make food menus according to the needs of athletes.    

Bone growth in the indigenous Nigerian pigs as a function of age, sex and body weight

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
A. I. Essien ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThe left half carcasses of 64 female, 64 castrated male and 64 intact male indigenous Nigerian pigs were dissected in order to study the bone growth between birth and 672 days of age. Total bone weight as well as the weights and lengths of femur, tibia–fibula, humerus and radius–ulna were studied at 16 ages. While bone weights increased between 34 and 45 times from birth to the terminal age range, bone lengths on the average only quadrupled within the same period. Maximum growth in bone weight occurred at 112 days of age whereas bone length attained maximum growth rate at 56 days of age when the body weights had averaged 15·8 and 6·2 kg respectively.Beyond these body weights, the growth rates declined. Although sex differences for total bone weight were not significant, the individual long bones studied exhibited significant sex differences. Highly significant age and sex influences were obtained for the relative bone weights.The growth coefficients b determined for the individual bones and total bone using the logarithmically transformed allometric equation Y = oXb, ranged from an average of 0·76 for radius–ulna to O·80 for femur. Pooled values for total carcass bone was 0·84. The values agreed with those reported in literature with side weight as independent variable, and confirm bone to be early developing. Bone lengths were related more to body weight than to chronological age as judged by the R2 values. In all the bone traits studied, intact male pigs showed larger values than the castrated male and female pigs.

scholarly journals VI. Further experiments upon the blood volume of mammals and its relation to the surface area of the body

1912 ◽  
Vol 202 (282-293) ◽  
pp. 191-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
The Individual

In previous papers* we have shown that the blood volume of normal and healthy mammals, such as rabbits, guinea-pigs, and mice, is satisfactorily expressed by the formula B = W n / k , where B is the blood volume in cubic centimetres, W the weight of the individual in grammes, n approximately ⅔, and k a constant (calculated from the experiments), which varies with the particular species of animal. This formula indicates that the smaller and lighter animals of any given species, which have a relatively greater body surface than the heavier ones, have also a relatively greater blood volume—in other words, the blood volume can be expressed as a function of the body surface , and it must therefore be misleading to express it in per cent, of the body weight, since when so expressed it is not a constant for any given species of mammal. As it was of interest to ascertain whether wild animals of closely allied species would differ greatly as regards their blood volume from the above-mentioned tame animals, we have determined the blood volume of hares, wild rabbits, and wild rats.

scholarly journals ASIATIC SMELT OSMERUS DENTEX STEINDACHNER ET KNER, 1870 OF THE UDA RIVER (NORTHWESTERN OKHOTSK SEA) — BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, FISHERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
V. P. Ovsyannikov ◽  
A. Yu. Nemchenko ◽  
A. N. Kanzeparova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Absolute Fecundity ◽  
The Individual

Data on biology, ecology and fishery of asiatic smelt in the Uda River during its spawning migration are analyzed. The spawning begins in May-June in 2–11 km from the river mouth and lasts 3–10 days. Timing of its start varies from May 22 (2014 and 2018) to June 14 (2001), with 24 days difference. The spawning migration begins under the water temperature 6.0 оС, during the spawning the temperature varies from 6.2 to 11.9 оС. The river flow velocity on the spawning grounds is 1.2–2.6 m/s, the river depth varies from 0.3 to 2.5 m. Age of the spawners is 2–8 years, their length is 11.5–32.0 cm and weight 10.8–275.0 g, males usually prevail in number (63–81 %). Depending on the year-class strength, the fish in age of 3 or 4 years prevail among the spawners. After spawning, females leave the spawning grounds immediately — in that time their occurrence in the catches below the spawning grounds can reach 85 %. Size of the spawners decreases during the migration, for males the decreasing was from 19.0 to 15.0 cm in 2007, from 20.2 to 18.8 cm in 2014, from 19.3 to 16.6 cm in 2015, and from 19.4 to 16.0 cm in 2016, for females — from 21.0 to 18.0 cm in 2007, from 22.1 to 19.6 cm in 2014, from 21.3 to 19.0 cm in 2015, and from 24.5 to 16.1 cm in 2016. Annual increments of the smelt body length are 0.7–7.8 cm, on average 3.9 cm, for the body weight 17.1–39.9 g, on average 32.1 g. The minimum registered size of mature male and female was 11.5 and 13.0 cm, respectively. Percentage of the smelt with non-commercial size during spawning migration was 19.2 % in 2007, 0.4 % in 2014, 15.4 % in 2015, and 28.4 % in 2016. The group linear growth of asiatic smelt could be approximated by Bertalanffy equation: L = 30.5 [1 – e–0.317 (t – 0.533)]. Its body length dependence on weight is described by the equation of simple allometry: W = 0.002 L3.380 (determination r 2 = 0.92–0.99). The body weight depends on age as the function: Wt = 2.974t 2.136. Individual absolute fecundity of the smelt in the Uda varies from 11300 to 141300 eggs, on average 52500 eggs in 2016 and 50400 eggs in 2007; these values are close to the smelt fecundity in the Ulbeya and Inya rivers. The fecundity variation generally increases with the age: the registered ranges of absolute fecundity (thousand eggs) were, by age groups: 19.1 for 3 years, 53.5 for 4 years, 37.8 for 5 years, 57.5 for 6 years, and 60.3 for 7 years old fish, the ranges of relative fecundity (eggs/g of body weight) were: 864, 537, 565, 501, and 449 eggs/g for the same age groups. The total population fecundity was 32.7. 109 eggs in 2016. The individual absolute fecundity has the following dependencies on body length, weight, and age: AF(L) = 0.001 L3.437, AF(W) = 0.650 W0.986, and AF(t) = 1.661 t 2.250, respectively. The stock of asiatic smelt in the Uda is represented by migrating fish only. Its fishery was conducted by 8 companies, their total annual landing increased from 10 t in 2012 to 373 t in 2017 and slightly decreased recently: the mean landing for 2013–2019 was 276 t. The spawning biomass of smelt was estimated from 637 to 1734 t, by years, that was about 70 % of the biomass of mature smelt in the Shantar Sea.

scholarly journals Decline in Relative Strength with Increasing the Body Weight: a Study on Heavy Weight Categories Powerlifters

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Haridas K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Senior Class ◽  
The Individual

Relative strength is the amount of strength to the body size. It is the strength to body weight ration. When body size is more, we generally understand that the strength is more with the player. In strength sports like weight lifting, powerlifting the strength of the individual is measured. In weight lifting, the total of snatch, clean and jerk are the factors to decide the winner; however, in powerlifting the total of squat, bench press and deadlift are considered. In this study, 54 senior class powerlifter and 54 junior class powerlifters are treated as subjects. All the subjects from heavy weight categories such as 105kg, 120kg and above 120kg categories are highlighted. The results of the study revealed that the relative strength is decreasing with the increased body weight.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM DIFFERENT DAMS SERVED BY SAME BULKL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
S. I. OMEJE ◽  
S. O. ALAKU ◽  
B. I. ODO ◽  
K. I. EMEHELU
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Cattle Ranch ◽  
The Individual

The growth performance of seve calves from different Mutura dams served by same bull was studied in a mini cattle ranch. Body measurements were taken and observed for growth over a period of 12 months. The result indicates an apparaent difference among the calves in all parameters measured including body weight, body length, height at withers and heratgirth. Growth rate also showed increased differences among the experimental calves. The birth weights of the seven calves ranged from 9.8 to 13.0kg, with a mean value of 11.42+0.44 while the yearling weights were between 107.80 and 129.48kg with an overall mean of 120.57+2.44. The coefficients of variation for body weight at birth and at 12 monthys were 10.16 and 5.36% respectively. The results further revealed that body weight at yearling age correlated positively with all parameters and these include body length (r=0.81889, r2 = 67.09), height at withers (r=0.8837, r2=78.09). Similarly, body length had a positive correlation with height at withers (r=0.9667, r2=93.45) and heartgirth (r=0.8782, r2=77.13). White height at withers correlated positively with heartgirth (r=0.9291, r2=86.42). Similar trends were obtained in the regression of each of the body measurements on the other in which body weight changes depended more on those of body length (0.56) than on heartgirth (0.34). Judging from the observed variations existing among the individual calves resulting from the different cows at birth and at 12 months of age, maternal rather than paternal influences appeared to be more important in the traits studied.

scholarly journals Content of inorganic elements in snails meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
I.S. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Helix Aspersa Maxima

Currently, there are several classifications of inorganic elements, although each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most studied group is macroelements, because they have a significant spread in the body and serve as a function of structural elements. The trace elements perform their functions, being part of the biologically active substances, which makes it difficult to study them, since the same element, depending on the form, can have a toxic effect or be vital. The macroelements include: K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, P, Cl. The trace elements are distributed as follows: Al, B, Br, V, I, Li, Si, As, Rb, Se, F, Sr and heavy metals, namely Zn, Cr, Ge, Fe, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Sn, Ni, Pb. Macroelements are contained in our body in a significant amount (more than 0.01% of the body weight, in other words, their content in the body of an adult is measured in grams and even in kilograms). The trace elements are involved in all processes of life and are the catalysts of biochemical reactions. Their daily intake is less than 200 mg, and they are contained in the body in small doses (less than 0.001% of body weight). The article presents the results of our own research on the content of inorganic elements in the meat of snails of various species Helix pomatia, Helix aspersa maxima and Helix aspersa muller. It is established that fresh meat of Helix aspersa maxima snails contains the least amount of heavy metals and the highest amount of selenium. Of the 12 inorganic elements that we studied in meat of snails from trace elements, Bromus is most often kept by Helix aspersa muller snails and is 1.91 ± 0.23 mg, Selenium and Manganese from Helix aspersa maxima snails are 0.32 ± 0.01mg and 29.29 ± 0.27 respectively. In the case of heavy metals in the meat of Helix aspersa maxima, there was no evidence of flatulence at all, and the most commonly found zinc in this specimen was 27.64 ± 0.22 mg in accordance. The calcium is the most enriched meat of Snails Helix pomatia and is 12571.25 ± 304.51 mg. As for the vital calcium macroelement, most of all it enriched the meat of the grape snail Helix pomatia. Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the fresh meat of Helix aspersa maxima snails contains the least amount of heavy metals and can be successfully used in the relevant industries, and especially in the food industry.

scholarly journals Influence of anthropogenic factors on the fauna of diplopods in the steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
V. M. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Various industries that constantly pollute the environment with their waste are quite well developed in the steppe zone of Ukraine. That in turn affects living organisms. The analysis of literature sources allowed to determine the factors influencing the diplopods fauna of the Steppe. Parasites, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, heavy metals and other pollutants adversely affect invertebrates. Pesticides (glyphosate, imidacloprid, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, propargite, cypermethrin, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos, mefenoxam, mancozeb, sulfur, propiconazole, cyprodinil) are toxic to diplopods. They can affect lifetime, fertility, abundance, coordination of movements, feeding rates, change body weight and even in high concentrations cause the death of these animals. Sulfur, pirimiphos-methyl, propiconazole, imidacloprid, dimethoate and cypermethrin are the most toxic of all these pesticides. They cause the highest mortality. Heavy metals accumulate in the bodies of saprophages, reduce their abundance, affect body weight, cause a change in the intensity of eating food by diplopods. Nickel, lead, cadmium, zinc, cuprum and ferrum are toxic to millipedes. High concentrations of cadmium cause 100% mortality of Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928). The development of urbanization causes a decrease in the abundance of saprophages. The species composition and number of individuals of some taxonomic groups of millipedes are reduced in reclamation areas. The nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann, 1976) slow down the protective reactions of the body of Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847). The high intensity of diplopod infection with gregarines slows down the feeding process of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Lighting, soil humidity and the number of ants also affect the abundance of diplopods in natural forests and forest plantations of the steppe zone. Thus the diplopods are influenced by many environmental factors that can reduce their abundance in agrocenoses, forested and reclamation areas of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

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