ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM CONTENT IN COSMETICS BY EXTRACTION WITH DILUTED HCl AND AQUA REGIA

The intensive industrial and technological development results in an appearance of a large amount of pollutants and toxic substances in the biosphere including large quantities of heavy metals. Some heavy metals are biogenic (Cu, Zn, Se etc.) and essential for proper maintaining of the metabolism in the human body. The main dangers to the human health are associated with the exposure to toxic elements such as Pb, Cd, Hg and As. Emission of Cd in the environment has increased during the 20th century mainly due to the recycling of the products containing this element. Cadmium accumulates in the human body with a biological half-life from 10 to 30 years and could cause very serious toxic effects. Cosmetic products are potentially a source of cadmium as well as some other heavy metals mostly due to the frequent and uncontrolled usage of cosmetics of poor аnd/or suspicious quality. The goal of the study is to determine the cadmium content in various cosmetic products (lipsticks, eyeshadows and blushes) present in the markets of the Republic of Srpska. The content of Cd was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after the extraction with diluted HCl and aqua regia. The results of the research show that the cadmium concentrations in the investigated products are in accordance with the regulations of the Republic of Srpska (Regulations on safety of consumer goods; „Official Gazette RS“ – No.17/15).

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HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-4-400-410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 400-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. A. Mikhailova ◽

M. A. Solodukhina ◽

O. G. Alekseeva ◽

N. M. Burlaka ◽

S. E. Lapa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Contamination ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Entire Area ◽

Mining Areas

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.

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In situ immobilisation of heavy metals in soils using natural clay minerals

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/371/2020-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 632-638

Author(s):

Senad Murtić ◽

Emina Sijahović ◽

Hamdija Čivić ◽

Mirza Tvica ◽

Josip Jurković

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Natural Clay ◽

Aqua Regia ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Suitable Technique ◽

Heavy Metals In Soils

This study attempted to evaluate the efficiency of zeolite and pyrophyllite ore materials in reducing the mobility of heavy metals in soil near the lignite mining dumps, and consequently in their availability for plants. Extraction of pseudo-total and available forms of heavy metals from soil samples was performed by using aqua regia and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of this study illustrate that application of zeolite and pyrophyllite could be a suitable technique to reduce heavy metals availability in soils. Zeolite treatments have been shown to be significantly effective in reducing cadmium (Cd) mobility, as well as pyrophyllite treatments in reducing lead (Pb) mobility in the studied soil, regardless of applied rates. The accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of maize grown on soil plots treated by zeolite and pyrophyllite, was found to be lower compared to the untreated plots. This finding was to be expected, considering the effects of these treatments on heavy metals mobility in the studied soil.

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Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal pada Sediaan Kosmetik Bedak yang Beredar di Pasar Pengampon Surabaya

Journal of Pharmacy and Science ◽

10.53342/pharmasci.v4i2.149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 111-114

Author(s):

Djamilah Arifiyana ◽

Ermayulis .

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Metal ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Lead Contamination ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Aqua Regia ◽

Lead Powder ◽

Powder Samples ◽

Lead Metal ◽

The Many

ABSTRAKBedak merupakan salah satu sediaan kosmetik yang banyak dimiliki masyarakat dan merupakan kosmetik dasaratau lumrah dimiliki oleh wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan logam berat timbal dalam produk kosmetik bedak yang beredar di pasar Pengampon Surabaya. Sampel yang digunakan dipreparasi dengan destruksi basah menggunakan aqua regia. Dari kelima sampel bedak, secara keseluruhan sampel mengandung logam timbal, dan tiga diantara melebihi batas yang telah ditetapkan oleh BPOM RI (20 mg/kg). Sampel dengan kode BD1, BD2 dan BD5 dengan nilai cemaran timbal masing-masing sebesar 27,2746 mg/kg; 21,0297 mg/kg; dan 24,2015 mg/kg.Kata kunci: Logam berat, Timbal, Bedak, Aqua Regia, Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA)ABSTRACTPowder is one of the many cosmetic preparations and cosmetic standard or commonly owned by women. This study aims to analyze the content of lead heavy metals in powder cosmetic products circulating in Pengampon market Surabaya. The sample used was prepared by wet destruction using aqua regia. From five powder samples, the overall sample contained lead metal, of which three outweighed the limits set by the BPOM RI (20 mg/kg). Samples coded BD1, BD2 and BD5 had lead contamination values of 27,2746 mg/kg; 21,0297 mg/kg; and 24,2015 mg/kg, respectively.Key Words: Trace metal, Lead, Powder, Aqua Regia, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)

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Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) pada Tanah yang Terakumulasi Logam Berat Cadmium (Cd) (Growth Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Accumulates Of Heavy Metal Cadmium(Cd) Soil)

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.4.1.2014.4839 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kusdianti Kusdianti ◽

Rini Solihat ◽

Hafsah Hafsah ◽

Eva Trisnawati

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstrak Pupuk dan pestisida kimiawi merupakan hal penting pada sistem budidaya tetapi jika penggunaannya berlebih dapat meningkatkan kandungan logam berat kadmium (Cd) dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertumbuhan tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) pada tanah yang terakumulasi logam berat kadmium. Sampel tanaman berasal dari lokasi pertanian kentang Pangalengan Jawa Barat. Parameter yang diukur yaitu kandungan klorofil, biomassa, kandungan logam kadmium dalam tanah dan umbi kentang. Kandungan kadmium dalam sampel tanah dan umbi kentang diukur dengan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan kadmiumpada lahan pertanian kentang telah melebihi ambang batas. Kadmium terakumulasi dalam umbi kentang, tetapi masih berada di bawah ambang batas. Klorofil, berat kering, dan berat basah mengalami kenaikan setiap minggunya (4-10 Minggu Setelah Tanam). Adanya logam kadmium yang diserap oleh tanaman kentang dapat menghambat pembentukan klorofil sehingga akan mempengaruhi biomassa tanaman. Kata kunci: klorofil, biomassa, kentang, kadmium Abstract Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are important in the culture system but if the excessive usage may increase the content of heavy metals cadmium ( Cd ) in the soil. This study aims to analyze the growth of the potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) on the ground that accumulate heavy metals cadmium. Plant samples derived from potato farming locations Pangalengan West Java.The parameters are chlorophyll content, biomass, cadmium content in soil and potato tubers. The content of cadmium in soil and potato tuber samples were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed cadmium content in potato farms has exceeded the threshold. Cadmium accumulates in potato tubers, but still below the threshold. Chlorophyll, dry and fresh weight increase every week (4-10 Weeks After Planting). The presence of the metal cadmium is absorbed by the potato can inhibit the formation of chlorophyll that will affect plant biomass . Keywords: chlorophyll, biomass, potatoes, cadmium

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The study of heavy metal pollution in soils and the link between pollution and oncological diseases

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201874101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Tamila Nasirovna Ashurbekova ◽

Elmira Mugudinovna Musinova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Mobile Forms ◽

Oncological Diseases ◽

The Republic ◽

The Village ◽

The Relationship

The paper deals with the problem of ecotoxicants content: arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium in the soils of Achkhoy-Martan District settlements of the Chechen Republic and their impact on human health. The presence of heavy metals in soils and plant samples of the studied area can be explained by the geological structure of the territory of the Republic, which is located on the rocks of the Jurassic and Paleogene periods. Studies have shown excessive concentrations of lead in some samples of soil settlements of the Achkhoi-Martan District: Samashki is 43,1 mg/kg and Janda - 42,1 mg/kg vs 30 mg/kg by the MPC. There is an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of cadmium in the village Zakan-Yurt - 1,93 mg/kg against 1,0 mg/kg MPC. As for mobile forms arsenic, mercury and cadmium are found in the greatest quantities. The arsenic content exceeds the permissible values by 2,03-3,36 times, the cadmium content exceeds the MPC by almost 2 times - 1,93 mg/kg against 1 mg/kg. According to the results of the studies, the relationship between the transformation of mobile forms of heavy metals from soil to plants is monitored. A direct correlation between cancer and the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the study areas was revealed.

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Assess of contamination of the snow cover for detecting the zones of inhalation chemical risk

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-4-363-367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 363-367

Author(s):

Olga M. Zhurba ◽

N. V. Efimova ◽

S. S. Khankhareev ◽

A. N. Alekseyenko ◽

A. V. Merinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

The Republic ◽

Snow Samples

Introduction. On the territory with a resistant snow cover, atmospheric pollution accumulates over several months; solid precipitation in the form of snow is an indicator object for assessing the state of the urban environment. Materials and methods. The sampling of snow was carried out on trial plots close to the monitoring points of atmospheric air and reflecting the influence of various stationary and mobile sources of pollution. The methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the atomic absorption spectrometry were used. Results. The results were obtained on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in snow cover to identify risk zones in the city of Ulan-Ude of the Republic of Buryatiya. The widest range of metals is recorded at points located near a major traffic interchange and in a residential area near the low-rise buildings of the private sector. The determined PAHs in large quantities were established to be contained in the solid sediment of snow samples. Discussion. Snow cover is a depositing and transit component of the environment. Its study gives important information about the chemical state of industrial ecosystems. About 30 thousand tons of chemical impurities enter the air basin of Ulan-Ude from stationary sources per year. Emissions of the total amount of hydrocarbons averaged of 1,741.96 tons over the study period, soot - 822.41 tons, which is by tens and hundreds times higher than that of other toxic substances, therefore, the PAH content in snow samples is higher than that of heavy metals. Conclusion. The accumulation of chemicals of 13 priority PAHs, of which 60-80% of the total amount falls on 3-,4- nuclear counterparts (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene) occurs in accumulating media. PAHs are associated with water-insoluble (solid phase) PAHs, which indicates to the unity of the main source of pollution (vehicle exhaust gases).

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Determination of cadmium and lead in milk

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Zhitar ◽

◽

Natalia N. Yasсhenko ◽

Anatoly N. Lyschikov ◽

Elena G. Zinovieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Cadmium And Lead ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

This paper presents the results of quantitative determination of cadmium and lead in milk, the quality of which is regulated by the Federal Law "Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products" No. 88-FL of 12.06.2008, which indicates permissible levels of toxic substances in milk and basic dairy products. Cadmium and lead, as well as their compounds, are highly toxic substances of cumulative action and pose a serious danger to human and animal health, which makes regular monitoring of the content of these heavy metals in food, in particular milk, relevant. Eight samples of milk sold in the territory of the Chuvash Republic were selected as subjects of the study. Among them are six samples from popular shops of Cheboksara (trademarks “Just”, “Fresh tomorrow”, “From Krasuli”) and two samples of raw cow milk of private farms of Yadrin district (village of Grand Sundyr and village of Persirlana). The analysis of the crude, pasteurized and ultra heat-treated milk of various producers on the content of lead and cadmium at their joint presence was carried out by methods of an inversion voltamperometriya (GOST P 51301-99) and atomic and absorbing spectrometry (MU 01-19/47-11-92 “Methodical instructions by atomic and absorbing methods of definition of toxic elements in foodstuff”) and also in accordance with GOST 26932-96 “By raw materials and foodstuff. Lead Determination Methods” and GOST 26933-86 “Raw Materials and Food Products. Cadmium definition methods”. The minimum lead and cadmium content is found in “Just” brand milk samples of 0.0052±0.0016 and 0.0011±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum lead content is found in samples of raw milk of Yadrin district (0.0262±0.0017 mg/kg), and cadmium – in milk of the manufacturer of the trademark “Just” from factory “Semisovsky” (0.0049±0.0007 mg/kg). It has been found that all the samples studied contain a very small amount of heavy metals, which does not exceed the MPC value, which makes it possible to highly assess the quality of milk and dairy products sold in Chuvashia.

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Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination Level (Mercury, Lead, Cadmium) in Fishery Products Exported From Senegal

Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.5296/jfs.v8i1.15261 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Abdoulaye DIOUF ◽

Jean FALL ◽

Abdou Samath DIOUF ◽

Mame Mor NDOUR ◽

Diegane NDONG

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Mercury Content ◽

International Standards ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Large Species ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Fish And Shellfish

Domestic, hospital and industrial wastes are major generators of heavy metals. These wastes added to those found in nature pollute the aquatic environment through the discharge. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms. They accumulate in these beings. Humans get intoxicated by ingesting fish species contaminated by heavy metals. To evaluate the risk of intoxication of humans, it is proposed to determine the mercury, lead and cadmium content of fish and shellfish processed in Senegal. The contamination level of mercury content is determined by the DMA 80. The lead and cadmium content in the species is made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results obtained show that among the metals measured, lead has the highest content in all species. This is due to its abundance in the waste. Lead is more concentrated in species that live on the bottom. Large species concentrate high levels of mercury due to accumulation and biomagnification. Cadmium is the most concentrated in invertebrates, most of whose consumption consists of plants. The levels of all heavy metals measured in species do not exceed national and international standards. But as metals accumulate, monitoring is needed to limit poisoning.

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Assess of contamination of the snow cover for detecting the zones of inhalation chemical risk

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-4-363-367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 363-367

Author(s):

Ольга Михайловна Журба ◽

Н. В. Ефимова ◽

С. С. Ханхареев ◽

А. Н. Алексеенко ◽

А. В. Меринов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

The Republic ◽

Snow Samples

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Content of heavy metals in beef in dependence from biogeoprovintio of Yakutia

Veterinaria i kormlenie ◽

10.30917/att-vk-1814-9588-2021-3-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

L.P. Koryakina ◽

N.N. Grigorieva ◽

A.I. Pavlova ◽

S.P. Pavlova ◽

E.S. Sleptsov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Human Body ◽

Food Chain ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Meat Products ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

The Usa ◽

The Republic

In recent years strengthening of technogenic impact of the person on ecosystems, increase in circulation of chemical elements in natural complexes, including in agrobiocenoses is noted. Significantly intake of heavy metals to the environment and on a food chain in a human body increased. It is known that 70% of all alien substances get into a human body with food therefore security of products acquires special sharpness and relevance now. According to statistical data, on average the inhabitant of the republic consumes up to 48 kg of meat (61% of norm) in a year. However from the total amount of the meat products consumed by the population, the specific weight of a product of own production is no more than 37%. At the same time a considerable part of meat products of own production is made in personal subsidiary farms. The main producers of meat in the republic are the livestock farms located in Leno-Amginsky and Vilyuysk areas. However the most part of the meat products used by the population arrives because of borders of the republic. The delivery geography to the republic of meat and meat products is very extensive and covers not only regions of Russia, but also foreign countries, such as Germany, France, Spain, the USA, Denmark, China and Brazil. It is established that accumulation and distribution of compounds of heavy metals in bodies and tissues of animals directly depends on an ecological situation of the region in which they are grown up. The greatest ecological danger to production of meat is constituted by such heavy metals as lead, cadmium and copper which collect in bodies and tissues of animals for a food chain: soil-water-plant-animal. So, quantity cadmium - the containing connections in bodies and tissues of the horses who are grown up in suburban farms of Yakutsk in 6 times more than in the zherebyatena from other territories of the republic. Besides, at horses from suburban farms of Yakutsk the considerable content of compounds of cadmium in pulmonary fabric was revealed that indicates an aerogenic way of receipt of this toksikant to an organism of animals. In the conditions of Yakutia in an organism of the Yakut horses the main bodies stores of compounds of mercury, lead and cadmium are kidneys and a liver. In significant amounts lead collects also in a bone tissue. It is revealed that in an organism of horses cadmium accumulates in tens times more, than at cattle which is grown up in the same farms. At the same time the number of compounds of mercury, lead and cadmium in bodies and tissues of adult individuals are more, than at young growth. It demonstrates to constant receipt and accumulation of toksikant in an organism of animals and their slow removal.

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