scholarly journals Selection of Telecommunication Access Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Katanić
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Last Aggregation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Choice Of Technology

Abstract: The development of Internet technology and computer networks leads to the convergence of traditional systems voice, video and data into a unique IP-based TriplePlay system. Differences in implementing TriplePlay service basically come down to the choice of technology of data transmission from the last aggregation point (node) to a subscriber (Last Mile). Analyzing Internet market, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) made trend in increasing demand for bandwidth during the period from 2007 to 2017. The analysis is based on SmartHome concept which includes broadband internet as well as multimedia services such as IPTV, cell phones and so on. The results of the analysis to a great extent confirm increasing trend of the consumers’ demand for bandwidth defined by Jakob Nielsen. His theory is based on the previous period and predicts that the need for bandwidth will rise by 50% every year. Nielsen’s diagram resembles that of Moore which predicts that CPU power will double every 18 months, that is 67% a year. The constant alterations in market and technology causes dilemma to operators in terms of investment. It is quite difficult to answer the question about the choice of technology of connecting the subscribers from the aspect of both technological and economic justification. Finding the answer to this question is the main goal of this paper.

Allergische Rhinitis: Zugang zu Allergen-Immuntherapie erleichtert

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Vera Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Allergische Rhinitis ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of pharmacotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis aims to control the disease and depends on many factors. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines have considerably improved the treatment of allergic rhinitis. However, there is an increasing trend toward use of real-world evidence to inform clinical practice, especially because randomized controlled trials are often limited with regard to the applicability of results. The Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif (MACVIA) algorithm has proposed an allergic rhinitis treatment by a consensus group. This simple algorithm can be used to step up or step down allergic rhinitis treatment. Next-generation guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis were developed by using existing GRADE-based guidelines for the disease, real-world evidence provided by mobile technology, and additive studies (allergen chamber studies) to refine the MACVIA algorithm.

scholarly journals The Role and Importance of Brand in the Marketing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Fatos Ukaj
Keyword(s):  
Influential Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Physical Product ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Nowadays, every branch of economic activities is a subject of the various influences in which they cannot have an impact. The capabilities of an enterprise to have a significant impact on business environments can be done through the creation of their own brand. Hence, this has become a tool for the identification of its products and enterprises. Enterprises have exploited brand as a means by which businesses have improved their own turnover, competitive position in the market, and winning the loyalty of their consumers. In Kosovo, there is an increasing trend of enterprises in creating a brand for their own products. Thus, this gives them a higher possibility for identification by the consumers, fosters the development of marketing policies, and provides them the opportunity to break through new markets. The scope of this paper is to determine the importance and rationale for the creation of certain brands. It was able to achieve this through a research of perception for the brands by consumers, as well as finding out grounds and influential factors during their selection of certain brands. The data acquired have proved that there are some advantages of enterprises that have a well-known brand. Also, the various factors which influence customer’s decision include physical product handling features, good experiences, packaging, warranty, etc. The data presented will help in the future for an increase in awareness on the importance of branding in the practice of enterprises. Therefore, this is with the aim of creating a good image for the products as well as enterprises.</p>

scholarly journals Electric Boosting and Energy Recovery Systems for Engine Downsizing

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Alshammari ◽  
Fuhaid Alshammari ◽  
Apostolos Pesyridis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the increasing demand for better fuel economy and increasingly stringent emissions regulations, engine manufacturers have paid attention towards engine downsizing as the most suitable technology to meet these requirements. This study sheds light on the technology currently available or under development that enables engine downsizing in passenger cars. Pros and cons, and any recently published literature of these systems, will be considered. The study clearly shows that no certain boosting method is superior. Selection of the best boosting method depends largely on the application and complexity of the system.

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Mobil Bekas Menggunakan Metode Analythical Hierarchy Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Gushelmi Gushelmi ◽  
Dodi Guswandi
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
A Value ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Comparison Data

Showroom Ragasa Motor Padang is a showroom that sells various types of used cars. The old system of selecting used cars in The Ragasa Motor Padang Showroom is that customers come directly to the address of this Showroom and the selection process is still done by manual means. With the development of internet technology today is increasing rapidly and in order to be accessible to everyone, the AHP can do a comparison of the criteria in pairs on the selection of used cars and can determine the consistency of the comparison data paired with a threshold value of < 0.1. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for customers to choose used cars quickly and accurately, as well as the application of programs used to make it easier for customers to use them. The result of this study is the SPK System that was built to be able to take the decision of the selection of used cars in the Showroom Ragasa Motor Padang with the selection of the 2nd alternative with a value of 2.55 as the best choice.

scholarly journals Counter-Interception and Counter-Exploitation Features of Noise Radar Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4509
Author(s):  
Gaspare Galati ◽  
Gabriele Pavan ◽  
Kubilay Savci ◽  
Christoph Wasserzier
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Noise Radar ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Signal Processors ◽  
Function Information ◽  
Selection Of

In defense applications, the main features of radars are the Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) and the Low Probability of Exploitation (LPE). The counterpart uses more and more capable intercept receivers and signal processors thanks to the ongoing technological progress. Noise Radar Technology (NRT) is probably a very effective answer to the increasing demand for operational LPI/LPE radars. The design and selection of the radiated waveforms, while respecting the prescribed spectrum occupancy, has to comply with the contrasting requirements of LPI/LPE and of a favorable shape of the ambiguity function. Information theory seems to be a “technologically agnostic” tool to attempt to quantify the LPI/LPE capability of noise waveforms with little, or absent, a priori knowledge of the means and the strategies used by the counterpart. An information theoretical analysis can lead to practical results in the design and selection of NRT waveforms.

Shipboard Controlled Atmosphere Plants: Selection, Installation, and Operation

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Martin D. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Atmosphere Control ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Equipment And Pipelines ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Classification Society

The increasing demand for marine transportation of agricultural produce under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions is leading owners of refrigerated ships to provide permanently installed on-board nitrogen generating plants and atmosphere control systems. The selection of the shipboard CA gas generating plant must take into account the vessel type, the cargoes to be carried, and the range of controlled atmosphere conditions to be achieved for different commodities. The shipboard CA gas generating plant can be situated on the ship's weather deck, installed in the vessel's main or auxiliary machinery spaces, located in a separate CA compartment, or a combination of these options. Ventilation of all spaces containing CA generating equipment and pipelines, combined with atmosphere monitoring and alarms, and safety training of all concerned personnel, provides an acceptable level of safety. Experience with installation and operation of shipboard CA systems demonstrates that, with careful attention to sealing of the cargo spaces, proper equipment selection and installation in accordance with classification society guidelines, a successful shipboard CA installation can be achieved.

Optimizing User Quality of Experience through Overlay Routing, Bandwidth Management and Dynamic Trans-Coding

2012 ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Maarten Wijnants ◽  
Wim Lamotte ◽  
Bart De Vleeschauwer ◽  
Filip De Turck ◽  
Bart Dhoedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Packet Loss ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Effective Bandwidth ◽  
Bandwidth Management ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Overlay Routing ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Time Critical

Accessing multimedia services via fixed and wireless networks has become common practice. These services are typically much more sensitive to packet loss, delay and/or congestion than traditional services. In particular, multimedia data is often time critical and, as a result, network issues are not well tolerated and significantly deteriorate the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, the authors propose a QoE optimization platform that is able to mitigate problems that might occur at any location in the delivery path from service provider to customer. More specifically, the distributed architecture supports overlay routing to circumvent erratic parts of the network core. In addition, it comprises proxy components that realize last mile optimization through automatic bandwidth management and the application of processing on multimedia flows. This paper introduces a trans-coding service for this proxy component which enables the transformation of H.264/AVC video flows to an arbitrary bitrate. Through representative experimental results, the authors illustrate how this addition enhances the QoE optimization capabilities of the proposed platform by allowing the proxy component to compute more flexible and effective bandwidth distributions.

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for Emerging All-IP Networks

2008 ◽  
pp. 1789-1797
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sher ◽  
Fabricio Carvalho de Gouveia ◽  
Thomas Magedanz
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Multimedia System ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Packet Networks ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Network Technologies

Today the traditional telecommunication technology is declining because of popularity and increasing demand of Voice over IP (VoIP) due to the reason that deployment, maintenance and operation of data networks based on IP infrastructure are less costly than the voice networks. Consequently, it is straight forward to think relaying all types of communications on data networks rather than maintaining in parallel two network technologies. On the other hand we see today increasing demand of integrated multimedia services, bringing together internet applications with telecommunications. In prospect of these global trends, the mobile communications world has defined within the evolution of cellular systems an all-IP network vision which integrates cellular networks and Internet. This is the IP Multimedia System (IMS) (3GPP, TS 23.228 (2005)), namely overlay architecture for provisioning of multimedia services, such as VoIP and videoconferencing on top of globally emerging 3G broadband packet networks.

Improving Accounting Of Internet Technologies Costs In Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Irina Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Internet Technology ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Theoretical Developments

This article substantiates the selection of a new object in accounting – the cost of Internet technology. The author presents new methods for accounting the costs of Internet technologies and provides the interpretation of the concept of «virtual assets». The author considers it necessary to introduce separate accounts for accounting the costs of Internet technologies. We believe that this approach will allow to see the total amount of the costs of Internet technologies, which is important for purposes of planning, monitoring and analysis, as well as to resolve contentious issues arising in accounting the costs of Internet technologies, which will significantly facilitate the work of accountants. In the absence of theoretical developments in accounting the costs of Internet technologies we make the first attempts to classify the costs of Internet technologies. We propose grouping the costs according to the following criteria: their purpose; frequency of occurrence (one-time and ongoing); gains in the time period (current, deferred costs and capital). The author concludes with a recommended register for accounting the costs of Internet technologies.

scholarly journals Variation in oleoresin yield and anatomical traits among Sindora glabra populations in Hainan, China

Trees ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1323-1334
Author(s):  
Niu Yu ◽  
Qiongqiong Li ◽  
Jinchang Yang ◽  
Guangtian Yin ◽  
Rongsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Secretory Canals ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Key message Geography and tree diameter were the major factors in determining oleoresin yield in Sindora glabra. The tangential diameter and area of secretory canals are reliable indicators of the oleoresin amount. Abstract Sindora glabra is a native tropical plant of China that exudes copious amounts of oleoresin from wounds on the stem. Elucidation of the mechanism affecting the oleoresin yield is of particular importance for development and selection of superior germplasm. In this study, the variation in oleoresin yield and anatomical traits of the stem of S. glabra were investigated in four main natural populations in Hainan. The results showed that annual oleoresin yield varied considerably among populations. The oleoresin yield exhibited an increasing trend with the increment of tree stem diameter until the diameter was over 80 cm. Moreover, oleoresin production in the wet season was higher than in dry season. The analysis of oleoresin chemical composition indicated that the four populations belong to the same chemotype despite the amount of four types of sesquiterpenes varying greatly among areas. Anatomical analysis revealed that quantitative traits of secretory canals including tangential diameter, area, density and frequency were significantly different among populations and tree diameters. Furthermore, the tangential diameter and area of secretory canals were positively correlated with oleoresin yield. These results suggested that the tangential diameter and area of secretory canals are reliable indicators of the oleoresin amount and can be used for selection purposes in S. glabra.

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