scholarly journals International aspect in the history of Russian contemporary graphics: problems of interpretation and identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Irina Sergeevna Golikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
German Expressionism ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This article analyzes the examples of formal compliance with global trends in Russian print design of the XX – early XXI centuries. The subject of this research is the comparative characteristics of Russian and world practice in the area of contemporary graphic art. In this context, the author highlights the stylistic characteristics of expressionism (1910 – 1920) and neo-expressionism (1960s – 1980s).  Comparative analysis allows determining the points of intersection of Russian examples to Western analogues, as well as their originalities outlying the formal criteria. Emphasis is placed on the sources of determination of the uniqueness of graphics as a form of art within the history of Russian art studies. In the course of this research, the author brings the examples of “expressive” graphics in the works of N. N. Kupreyanov and A. I. Kravchenko in relation to printmaking of German expressionism, and some recent examples of Russian graphics (Saint Petersburg artists P. S. Bely, P. M. Shvetsov) in comparison to the graphic experiments of A. Kiefer. The conclusions lie in determination of the unique tradition of Russian realism (V. A. Vetrogonsky and V. I. Shistko), which in the author’s opinion, should be considered the crucial actor in the identity of Russian graphics against the trends leveling national cultural differences of international contemporary art.

scholarly journals XIX century in the history of European and Russian opera: points of intersection and differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Yawei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Art ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
National Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Russian Opera

The development of opera genre in Europe and Russia in the XIX century is of particular interest for the Chinese and Russian art historians. The subject of this article is the history of European and Russian opera in the XIX century. The object of this research is the works of the leading opera composers and the novelties introduced by each of them into the opera genre. The goal consists in examination of the following aspects of the topic: specificity of emergence of opera in Russia in the XVIII century, establishment of the national opera schools – Italian, French, German and their prominent representatives, as well as peculiarities of the Russian opera tradition of the XIX century. The novelty lies in determination of similarities and differences between the European and Russian opera in the XIX century from the perspective of of Chinese art history. The author's special contribution consists in the attempt to discuss the subject matter in the context of Chinese art historians who take interest in the peculiarities of opera of the XIX century. The acquired results demonstrate that the development of opera within the framework of the vocal and musical performance in the XIX century is a unique sociocultural phenomenon, which manifested through the system of spiritual values and spiritual life of the Russian and European nations.

scholarly journals Context as an activator of connotations (on the material of Kurt Pinthus’ anthology “The Twilight of Humanity”)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Kseniya Sergeevna Oparina
Keyword(s):  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
German Expressionism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Genitive Case

The goal of this research consists in determination of the types of contexts in the lyric poetry of German expressionism that contribute to the emergence of connotations in the semantics of a word. The subject of this article is the extralinguistic and linguistic contexts. The work employs the methods of contextual, component and interpretative analysis. In chronological sequence, the article describes various theories of contextual analysis and summarizes their main provisions. The author differentiates two types of context in a literary work: extralinguistic and linguistic; the latter is divided into micro- and macro-contexts. The poems of anthology of expressionist lyrics of Kurt Pinthus “The Twilight of Humanity” served as the material for this research. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the five types of linguistic micro-context, as well as analysis of the results of their interaction with semantically implemented word based on the material of the lyric poetry of German expressionism. In the course of study, it was established that extralinguistic context includes the artistic worldview of German literary expressionism as a whole, and artistic concept of “vitalism” as one of its crucial structural elements in particular. A specific poem is a macro-context. The indicatory minimum for the semantically implemented work contains five mechanisms: grammar parallelism, subjective predicative relations, complement in the genitive case, complement in the accusative case with preposition, attributive. The emergence of connotations in the sense of semantically implemented work was viewed on the example of representatives of the artistic concept of “vitalism”, which in broadly understood as “activeness”. The acquired results can be used for comprising individual authorial glossaries, as well as handbooks on text stylistics and history of foreign literature.

The Double Altitude Problem: A Historical Note

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
W. E. May
Keyword(s):  
Historical Note ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Navigation

The publication of the paper Astro-fix by Computation by Oliver C. Collins in the April number of the Journal serves as a reminder that the observation for the determination of the latitude from two altitudes, usually known as the double altitude problem, is one of some celebrity in the history of navigation.The following notes on the subject may be of some interest although they are far from complete, having been compiled from such books as happened to be readily available, and can only be considered as an introduction to the subject.

The Early History of the Gyroscope and Gyro Compass

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
G. B. Lauf
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Early History ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gyro Compass

Most of the current literature in the field of gyroscopic theory and in the use of gyroscopic instruments for the determination of azimuth begins the historical account of the subject with the work of Leon Foucault during the period 1850-1852. But little is known of the work in this field by others during the preceding half century. In this paper, the development of the gyroscope and gyro compass is traced back to a date earlier than 1813.

Museum Libraries in France: Their Wealth and Their Influence

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Nicole Picot
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
French Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The following words preface Francoise Cachin’s introduction to Marie-Thérèse Cavignac’s Les bibliothèques des musées en Aquitaine: Richness and diversity! Reading this volume demonstrates how wide and varied is the subject matter of the museum libraries in the Aquitaine region, whether it be the library in the Bonnat Museum in Bayonne or in the national museum at the Château de Pau, those in museums specialising in the history of Aquitaine, the Pays Basque or the Périgord, or those in museums dealing with prehistory or contemporary art or seaplanes, the customs service or folk art.This description is just as valid for the rest of France. Considerable effort has been put into the modernisation of French museums during the last twenty years or so and their libraries have benefited from this renewal as well. I would like in this paper to describe some of the strengths of libraries and documentation centres in museums of art, and to try and define their role within their institutions and within the network of French art libraries.

scholarly journals XVI.—Observations on the Question of the Spot at which Cæsar landed, as affected by the Communication received from the Admiralty on the Tides in the Channel

Archaeologia ◽  
1864 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
G. B. Airy
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Having been invited to address to the Society any remarks which might occur to me on the subject of the communication from the Admiralty, I would first observe that the result of this investigation proves the great advantage of the course pursued by the President and Council, namely, that of referring to official authority for the determination of critical points applying to the question at issue. The Society have expressed so fully their sense of the liberality and courtesy of the First Lord and the Board of Admiralty, and the care bestowed on this matter by the Hydrographer, that it is needless for me to speak on that subject. I will therefore proceed to advert lightly to the history of these investigations, and state how the hydrographical inquiry undertaken by the Admiralty bears upon the matter.

scholarly journals Women's Institutes in Imperial Russia in the wording of the normative documents (1764 – early XX century): terms, typology, dates

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-129
Author(s):  
Varvara Vital'evna Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Departmental Affiliation

The subject of this research is the foundation of women’s education system in the Russian Empire, namely of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria, which totaled up to three dozen by the early XX century. Actualization of the knowledge about the best examples of the Russian school in the past is determined by the fundamental importance of education in the context of ongoing modernization of the country. The topic of Women's institutes of Imperial Russia, which existed for over 150 years, is poorly studied. Despite the extensive source base, in the historical literature one can often come across improper names of the institutes, determination of their departmental affiliation, class composition of the students, as well as incorrect dating and topography. Using the historical-systemic and typological analysis, the author determines and clarifies the conceptual framework of the problematic as a necessary research toolset. The author's contribution to selected topic consists in discovery of a wide variety of sources, including those introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, accurate names of the institutes and variations in the official documents and everyday practice., their renaming and the causes. The article also traces the dynamics of changes in the class and confessional composition of students since the establishment of the institutes until the beginning of the XX century. Subordination and departmental affiliation at different stages of the history of these institutes is clarified.

scholarly journals Determination of the subject of history of state and law in Russian legal science in the late 1950s – early 1960s

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

The subject of this research is analysis of the process and key approaches towards determination of the subject of history of state and law of Russia in in the late 1950s – early 1960s, considering the designation of science and academic discipline in this period as “The History of State and Law of the USSR”. The research is based on chronological, institutional, and historical-comparative methods. The chronological method allowed reconstructing representation on the subject of the science of history of state and law of the Soviet Union in historical sequence. The institutional method established the basic framework for discussion the subject of science. The historical-comparative method ensured comparison of different approaches towards understanding of the subject of science. It is determined that the initiators of determination of the subject of history of state and law were the educators of historical-legal disciplines. The author reveals and analyzes the main publications that contain records of comprehension of the subject of science. Characteristic is given to the circle of scholars dealing with the indicated problematic. The authorial approaches are discussed.  The general and peculiar comprehension of the subject of science is demonstrated. The general consists in determination of the subject based on the historical type of state and law, highlighting the significance and specificity of the Soviet state and law. The differences pertain to setting priorities in the subject of science: establishment of general patterns in evolution of state and law, or examination of particular phenomena, processes and institutions in the history of state and law. The acquires results can be applies in the history of legal science. Discourse on the subject of history of state and law that unfolded in the late 1950s – early 1960s was beneficial to the advancement of historical-legal science.

scholarly journals Artistic dominant of the image of character of occupational novel

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Anna Anatolievna Gaganova
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Analysis ◽  
Political Bias ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Periods

The object of this research is the genre of occupational novel. The subject is the image of character of occupational novel. The goal consists in determination of artistic specificity of the image of character in the process of development of the genre. Russian literary works for the period of 1920’s – 1970’s united by the image of a man of labor became the material for this study. The evolution of the image of character is viewed on the sampling of representational works. The conclusions are made that at the stage of formation of the genre of occupational novel (1920’s – 1930’s) dominates the image of the reformer of the world. The next stage (1940’s – 1950’s) marks the character of the defender of reformed world. Then, in the 1960’s, it is followed by the character-rationalizer. The final chronological stage of history of the genre (1970’s) personifies the image of a young hero-seeker, defined by the professional calling in life. The scientific novelty consists in reference to the genre of occupational novel in its entire evolution from the perspective of philological instrumental analysis, while the earlier studies were characterized by political bias. The genre of occupational novel is separated from the literary trends of the XX century, and is divided into historical periods. The article suggests a systemic analysis of the image of character of occupational novel within the framework of evolution of the genre. The author is firs to highlight the key artistic attributes that represent an artistic dominant for the image of character at each stage of development of the genre.

scholarly journals Art deco and avant-garde: the nature of interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Dobrydneva
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Cultural Dialogue

The subject of this research is the distinctions between two fundamental trends in art of the XX century – art deco and avant-garde, as well as determination of the nature of their interaction. The object of this research is the original texts of artisans and art monuments belonging to both fields. Special attention is given to characteristics of the specific features of art deco and avant-garde, identification of similarities and differences of the two simultaneously developing stylistic concepts. The author examines the key event for the history of interaction of these two trends, namely the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts held in Paris in 1925, and criticism that formed views on art of the era of modernism. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the two paramount trends for grasping history of culture of the XX century in the context of their interaction. Since 1966, art deco was not recognized as an in dependent style, but rather closely connected with modernism and patterned on avant-garde. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in revelation of adaptive cultural mechanism that allowed art deco to overcome a number of problems, among which in underlines the relation to technological progress and mass society. The author highlights that both trends should be viewed in the context of cultural dialogue. First and foremost, they were united by orientation towards modernity and development of innovative language of art.

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