scholarly journals Threshold Research on the Elderly Pedestrian Ratio in Pedestrian Crossing Speed Setting on Signalized Crosswalks in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Signal Time

Inadequate consideration of the elderly people crossing demand on the signalized intersections would bring great potential safety hazards, especially the speed through the crosswalk. By observing the pedestrian walking speed at three signalized crosswalks and a relatively spacious sidewalk in Chongqing, China, this paper has obtained the walking speed values of 658 elderly people and 1,176 adults at the signalized crosswalks, as well as the walking speed parameters of 868 adults and 422 elderly people on a relatively spacious sidewalk section. Comparing the walking speed of adults walking along the sidewalk section and on signalized crosswalks, the data show that there is no significant difference between these two site speeds. Similarly, when comparing the two site data of the elderly, it is found that their walking speed at the signalized crosswalk is significantly higher than that on the sidewalk section. That is to say, the speed setting for the old people crossing the crosswalk has not been fully considered. Subsequently, taking the elderly’s walking speed as input parameter, establishing the simulation models under different proportions of the elderly and different pedestrian flows, and then gain the walking speed values of the pedestrians with different quantities and different proportion of the elderly pedestrians. With the help of the unknown breakpoint Regression method, under the setting of the elderly pedestrian speed crossing the street, the proportion threshold of the elderly crossing the street at the signalized intersection is obtained. The results show that when the proportion of the elderly is more than 15% of the pedestrians crossing the street, the pedestrian crossing speed value for the signal time is suggested to be 0.97 m/s.

Does an impaired capacity for self-care impact the prevalence of social and emotional loneliness among elderly people?

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Canjuga ◽  
Danica Železnik ◽  
Marijana Neuberg ◽  
Marija Božicevic ◽  
Tina Cikac
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of self-care on the prevalence of loneliness among elderly people living in retirement homes and older people living in their homes/communities. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted through standardized SELSA-L assessment loneliness questionnaires and the Self Care Assessment Worksheet for self-care assessment. The results were processed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Findings The obtained results have shown that impaired self-care ability affects the prevalence of loneliness among the elderly almost the same in both groups of participants. However, regarding the relationship between the state of health and self-care, only a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of loneliness is found in the case of the participants living in their homes, with the worst health condition affecting the poorer psychological care. Research limitations/implications It is necessary to point out the limitations of the research, primarily sample limitations and the selected design of the study. The sample consisted of two different and relatively small groups of participants which could adversely affect the representativeness of the sample and reduce the possibility of generalising the results. The next limiting factor is the age distribution the authors used in the research, where the age of the participants as a very important variable was collected by age range and not precisely which consequently resulted in inequality in subgroup sizes. Thus, the middle age (75–85) covers up to ten years, which is a huge range at an older age and can mean major differences in functional ability, and can impact the self-care assessment. Practical implications Nurses are indispensable in care for the elderly and they need to promote and encourage self-care of the elderly through health care. Elderly people living in retirement homes should be allowed to participate equally in health care in order to preserve their own autonomy and dignity. However, to benefit those who live in their homes, nurses should be connected to the local community and thus stimulate various forms of preventative (testing blood sugar levels, blood pressure and educating on the importance of preventive examinations) or recreational activities in the environment of elderly people with the goal of preserving their functional abilities. Originality/value The impact of self-care on loneliness was not sufficiently researched, and this paper contributed to understanding the complexity of loneliness phenomena among the elderly with the aim of developing a model of prevention.

scholarly journals The Crossing Speed of Elderly Pedestrians

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Ana Trpković ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Milan Vujanić ◽  
Branimir Stanić ◽  
Draženko Glavić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Measured Speed ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
The City

The population of elderly people is rapidly growing and in terms of safety, senior pedestrians represent one of the most vulnerable group. The pedestrian crossing speed is a significant input parameter in traffic engineering, which can have effect on pedestrians’ safety, especially of older population. The objective of this study was to determine the value of the crossing speed of elderly pedestrians (65+) for different types of urban crossings. The research was conducted at ten intersections in the city of Belgrade, Serbia, using the method of direct observation and a questionnaire for collecting data. The data were analysed in the statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed that elderly pedestrians walk slower and the crossing type significantly influenced the speed of older population. The order of crossing types in relation to the measured speed is ranked as follows, from the lowest to the highest speed value: unsignalized, signalized, signalized with pedestrian countdown display, signalized with pedestrian island and pedestrian countdown display and finally signalized crossing with pedestrian island. According to the questionnaire results, the elderly recognize the importance of implementing pedestrian counters. This indicates the necessity to provide safe street crossing for the elderly using the corresponding engineering measures.

Physical activity and cognitive impairment among the elderly in some districts of Ha Nam province in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Hai Van ◽  
Dao Anh Son ◽  
Pham Quang Thai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference

The study was conducted on 1,210 elderly people (aged 60 and older) with the purpose of understanding physical activity and cognitive impairment among elderly people in some districts of Ha Nam province in 2018. The results showed that the percentage of elderly people with symptoms of cognitive impairment was high, accounting for 46.36%. There was a significant difference between the rate of cognitive impairment of the group who exercised frequently (41.92%) and that of the group who did not exercise (51.62%) (p<0.05). Compared to the Non-exercise group, the risks of cognitive impairment of group exercise 15 - 45 minutes/week (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51 - 0.93); group exercise 45 - 90 minute/week group (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.84) and group exercise Over 90 minutes/week (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.27 - 0.67) were all significantly lower. The more time the research subjects exercise, the lower their risk of developing cognitive impairment became. Our finding suggests that physical activities may delay or prevent the onset of cognitive impairment in elderly people. It is necessary to expand research, continue to apply the cognitive screening test based on international standards, while guiding and encouraging elderly people to carry out physical activities according to their capabilities and international recommendations.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation Interventions for Therapeutic Purposes in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Farnia Velayati ◽  
Haleh Ayatollahi ◽  
Morteza Hemmat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Many elderly people suffer from chronic health conditions and mobility limitations. Therefore, they may benefit from traditional rehabilitation or telerehabilitation interventions as an alternative for this type of services. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of telerehabilitation interventions with traditional rehabilitation services for therapeutic purposes in the elderly. Methods This systematic review was conducted in 2018. The searched databases were Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest. The search was conducted with no time or language limitation. The selected papers included the randomized clinical trial studies in which elderly people aged 60 and over used telerehabilitation services for treatment purposes. The quality of the studies was evaluated by using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Data were extracted by using a data extraction form and findings were narratively synthesized. Results After screening the retrieved papers, eight articles were selected to be included in the study. According to the findings, telerehabilitation was used for the elderly after stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), total knee replacement, and in patients with the comorbidity of COPD and chronic heart failure. Overall, in most studies, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups and the level of improvements was similar for most outcomes. Conclusion Telerehabilitation services can be regarded as an alternative to traditional rehabilitation approaches to reduce outpatient resource utilization and improve quality of life. However, more rigorous studies are suggested to investigate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation services for specific diseases or health conditions.

Treatment outcome and safety of anti-PD-1 antibody against elderly non-small cell lung cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14249-e14249
Author(s):  
Toshio Sakatani ◽  
Aya Saihara ◽  
Hiroaki Ikushima ◽  
Hideyuki Takeshima ◽  
Yuri Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Significant Difference

e14249 Background: The anti-PD-1 antibodies, Pembrolizumab (Pem) and Nivolumab (Nivo), have become available for practical clinical use in Japan, and many patients are benefiting from them. Lung cancer is predominantly a disease of the elderly people. However, the validity and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies against the elderly are insufficient. Methods: From February 2016 to November 2018, 66 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received anti-PD-1 antibody therapy (23 Pem and 43 Nivo) were evaluated for progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety were compared between groups between the aged ≥75 years (≥75 yrs) and < 75 years ( < 75 yrs). Results: The median age (width) was 67 years (46-87 years). 46 patients were < 75 yrs and 20 patients were ≥75 yrs. PFS was 3.3 months (m) vs. 4.4 m ( < 75 yrs vs. ≥75 yrs)(p = 0.214). OS was 11.7 m vs. 16.7 m ( < 75 yrs vs. ≥75 yrs)(p = 0.212). Similar analysis was carried out for each anti-PD-1 antibody. In Pem, 15 patients were < 75 yrs and 8 patients were ≥75 yrs, and there was no significant difference between PFS and OS (p = 0.46, p = 0.17, respectively). In Nivo, 31 patients < 75 yrs, 12 patietns > 75 yrs, and there was no significant difference in PFS and OS (p = 0.49, p = 0.44, respectively). Immunity-related adverse events (irAE) was expressed in 25 patients (37.9%). Among 66 patients, 19 in 46 (41%) were < 75 yrs, 6 in 20 (30%) were ≥75yrs. There were not many irAEs even in the elderly people (χ2= 0.757, p = 0.384). Conclusions: Pem and Nivo proved to be effective and safe for the elderly patients even in the clinical setting.

Field Application and Assessment of the Safety Edge

2012 ◽  
Vol 2309 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Shauna L. Hallmark ◽  
Thomas McDonald ◽  
Robert Sperry ◽  
Keith Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Safety Concern ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edge Surface ◽  
Edge Drop

Pavement edge drop-off can be a serious safety concern when a vehicle leaves the paved roadway surface and encounters a significant difference in vertical elevation between the paved roadway and the adjacent unpaved shoulder. Edge drop-offs are potential safety hazards because scrubbing between the pavement edge and tire can result in loss of control. FHWA developed the Safety Edge on the basis of research results that indicated a sloped pavement edge surface could be more easily traversed by a vehicle leaving its lane and attempting to remount the pavement edge. The Safety Edge is a design feature that creates an approximate 30° fillet along the outside edge of the paved section of a roadway. Although a number of benefits have been attributed to the Safety Edge, agencies in Iowa were slow to adopt it. To accelerate use of the Safety Edge, the research team marketed and monitored it in Iowa during the 2010 construction season. This project provided the opportunity to evaluate the Safety Edge as well as summarize lessons learned from agencies and contractors. Evaluation of the Safety Edge included assessment of the consistency of slope application, identification of common problems during construction, measurement of the density of the Safety Edge, and computation of the approximate additional material needed to construct the Safety Edge. The team also measured drop-off formation along previously constructed Safety Edge sites and compared this with control sites to assess any difference in occurrence.

scholarly journals Association between depressive symptoms and dental care-seeking behavior among elderly Brazilian people

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ádima de Camargo ÁVILA ◽  
Aline Blaya MARTINS ◽  
Otávio Pereira D'AVILA ◽  
Matheus NEVES ◽  
Juliana Balbinot HILGERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Care Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among the elderly population (10%). These symptoms frequently appear when there is a loss of quality of life associated with social exclusion and the appearance of severe diseases. Feelings of sadness, discouragement, despondency and deception, and events such as the loss of close friends and family can also be related to these symptoms. The consequences of depressive symptoms include negative oral health outcomes, such as a decrease in the frequency of toothbrushing, greater prevalence of caries and higher probability of the appearance of periodontitis. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of depressive symptoms and problem-oriented oral healthcare behavior, as well as the absence of healthcare-seeking behavior. Material and method 872 elderly people living in two health districts in Porto Alegre were evaluated. They provided information on socioeconomic variables at an interview, and responded to the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and to a questionnaire assessing dental care-seeking behavior. In addition, an oral examination was performed. When analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance, the variables of male sex, less schooling, lower income, reduced number of teeth, presence of root remnants and presence of depressive symptoms were found to be independently associated with the outcome. Result There was a significant difference regarding dental care-seeking behavior in relation to elderly people presenting depressive symptoms and those in low socioeconomic strata having poor oral status. Conclusion It was concluded that these factors need to be taken into consideration when evaluating dental care-seeking behavior.

scholarly journals Geriatric health related problems in an urban area of southern Rajasthan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4545
Author(s):  
Nitesh Mangal ◽  
Dilip Kumar L. ◽  
K. A. Varghese ◽  
Meet Chauhan ◽  
Matariswa Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: There is a paradigm shift in the social values towards the elderly people due to urbanization and higher educational linked migration. Consequently, problems like loneliness, lack of emotional support, economic insecurities are faced by the elderly population. The objectives of the study were to assess the socio-economic dimensions and to examine the morbidity and mortality patterns of elderly persons in the study area.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among 536 elderly persons from May to August 2019 in an urban area of Udaipur. A pre-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic details, morbidity profile and socio-economic problems of elderly persons. The data was analyzed using class frequencies, ‘t’ test for equality of gender difference in mortality ages and Chi-square test for association of age class with morbidity.Results: A majority of study subjects were females (52.05%). There was significant difference in proportions of elderly male and female persons across their educational levels. The chi-square test for association of age classes with number of health problems revealed significant association. About 56.34% of 536 elderly people were leading an unsatisfactory life.Conclusions: The major morbidities included arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cataract, dental problems, cardiovascular problems etc. Financial problems were more severe among elderly. The availability of trained paramedical professionals for home care and day care units and legal bindings on family members for safety and security of elderly person can be effective measures to overcome the problems being faced by them. 

scholarly journals Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Dong ◽  
Chunjing Du ◽  
Bingyi Wu ◽  
Qunhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which provides a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full lifecycle health.Methods: Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011, and 2014, this study took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65–99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with gender and income level as the control variables, the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly were measured. The x2test was used to explore the differences in the socioeconomic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. Statistical differences between average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were analyzed by rank tests.Results: (1) The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in age, gender, residency, education level, and income level between the groups with or without starvation (P &lt; 0.05). (2) Transition probabilities in health–disability, health–death, and disability–death all showed an upward trend with age (P &lt; 0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience (P &lt; 0.05). However, the probability of disability–health recovery showed a downward trend with age (P &lt; 0.05), in which the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation (P &lt; 0.05). (3) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: The average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly with childhood starvation are lower than those without childhood starvation. It shows that the negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policymaking.

scholarly journals Causes for hospitalization of elderly individuals due to primary care sensitive conditions and its associated contextual factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Medeiros Soares ◽  
Tamires Carneiro de Oliveira Mendes ◽  
Kenio Costa Lima ◽  
Márcio Moreira de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Using Data

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the hospitalizations of the elderly for conditions sensitive to primary care (ICSAP) and associated contextual factors, referring to elderly people aged 60 and over, living in municipalities in the Northeast region. METHODS Characterized as being an ecological study using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH) and the Basic Attention Information System (SIAB) referring to elderly people aged 60 and over. RESULTS The total hospitalization rate was 527,524, with the highest number due to heart failure, followed by cerebrovascular diseases, and infectious gastroenteritis. Analyzing the ICSAP rates with the contextual factors, all were significant. Regarding the coverage of basic care, a similarity occurred between them, and for the rate of the number of consultations among the elderly, despite the greater number of these in the municipalities with higher hospitalization rates, there was no significant difference between them. CONCLUSION We conclude that the contextual factors interfere in the conditions of this hospitalization, necessitating, besides the improvement of primary care, an improvement in the living conditions of the elderly population.

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