scholarly journals Scorpion stings and spider bites in the Upper Juruá, Acre – Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Piccinelli da Silva ◽  
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Spider Bites ◽  
Scorpion Stings ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Introduction: Epidemiological information on poisonings by venomous animals is fundamental in order to elaborate proposals for educational campaigns for prevention of poisonings, and may contribute to the improvement of the care of patients admitted to health facilities. Objective: Thus, the objective is to analyze the epidemiological profile of spider and scorpion poisoning in the Upper Juruá region, Western Amazonia, Brazil, from 2012 to 2017. Methods: Epidemiological data were obtained from the records of SINAN (Information System of Notifiable Diseases) in the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the Juruá Regional Hospital located in Cruzeiro do Sul. Results: There were 207 cases of accidents with arachnids, predominantly stinging by scorpions (148 cases, 71.9%), in the Regional Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the Juruá Regional Hospital located in Cruzeiro do Sul. The average morbidity coefficient during the study period was 12 cases per 100,000 inhabitants for spider bites and 29.28 for scorpion stings. There was no correlation between spider and scorpion incidents with rainfall over the months during the study period. Conclusion: The average incidence of spider and scorpion incidents in the Upper Juruá region is one of the highest recorded for the Brazilian Amazon and is higher than the averages for Brazil, the Northern region and the state of Acre. Incidents with spiders and scorpions were not correlated with rainfall, and other factors associated with species biology or with human activities related to the temporal distribution, therefore there could be a risk of an arachnid incident throughout the year.  

scholarly journals PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2017; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN BRAZIL IN THE PERIOD FROM 2007 TO 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
NOELY DE CARVALHO LEITE ◽  
Jordana Lucio Garcia ◽  
Itamar Magalhães Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

RESUMO A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma antropozoonose generalizada, de evolução crônica e sistêmica, que, apesar de ser passível de tratamento e cura, possui elevadas taxas de incidência e letalidade. Tipicamente, afeta países subdesenvolvidos, com uma preferência pela população mais vulnerável socioeconomicamente, e possui ampla distribuição territorial, sendo o Brasil um dos principais países acometidos. Objetivo: analisar dados epidemiológicos da doença no país no período estabelecido. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, realizado a partir de busca de dados de acesso livre do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados e discussões: No intervalo em questão, foram documentados 40.786 casos de LV, com uma variação pouco heterogênea entre os anos estudados. Destes, 2011 registrou o maior número de casos, contando com 4.039 registros. As populações mais afetadas incluem: sexo masculino (média de 2.362 casos/ano), faixa etária de 1-4 anos (média de 978 casos/ano), raça parda (média de 2.750 casos/ano) e baixa escolaridade – a maioria entre a primeira e a quarta série (média de 405 casos/ano). Além disso, excluindo-se os casos ignorados/brancos, 10% do total dos indivíduos apresentaram coinfecção da LV com HIV. A região Nordeste demonstrou maior incidência da doença, com 52,7% do total dos casos. O principal estado atingido é o Maranhão, que apresentou um número de 6.070 casos durante o período estudado. Conclusão: Considerando a relevância do alto número de casos apontados nesse trabalho, mostra-se necessária a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção da transmissão, busca ativa de casos e educação em saúde. Nesse quadro, para maior eficácia, deve existir integração entre vigilância epidemiológica e assistência clínica, acesso aos serviços, capacitação dos profissionais e empoderamento da população. Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral; Epidemiologia; Doenças Negligenciadas; Zoonose. ABSTRACT Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a generalised anthropozoonosis whose evolution is chronic and systemic, with high rates of incidence and mortality, even though it can be treated and cured. VL typically occurs in non-developed countries and affects preferentially the most socioeconomically vulnerable population. Brazil is one of the most affected countries from this disease. Objective: To analyse the epidemiological data on VL in Brazil regarding the study period. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study using data obtained from the Brazilian Case Registry Database corresponding to the period between January 2007 and December 2017. Results: A total of 40,786 cases of VL were recorded for the study period, with slightly heterogeneous variation among the years. The highest number of cases stood at 4,039 in the year of 2011. The most affected populations were men (mean of 2,362 cases/year), children in the age group of 1-4 years (mean of 978 cases/year), Afro-descendant individuals (mean of 2,750 cases/year) and those with low educational level, that is, first to fourth year of elementary school (mean of 405 cases /year). Moreover, not considering the ignored/blank cases, 10% of all individuals were co-infected with HIV. The Brazilian north-eastern region has the highest incidence of the disease, with 52.7% of all cases. The State of Maranhão is the most affected as there were 6,070 cases in the study period. Conclusion: Considering the high number of cases of VL found in the present study, it is necessary to implement public policies aimed at preventing the transmission of the disease, actively seeking cases and providing health education. In this context, there should be integration among epidemiological surveillance, clinical care, access to services, qualification of professionals and empowerment of population. Key-words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Epidemiology; Neglected diseases; Zoonoses.

scholarly journals Study of an epidemiological profile of confirmed COVID-19 positive persons in district Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeet Kaur ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Shalli .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Travel History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Background: India recorded its first COVID-19 case on 30 January 2020. Though the early, extended nationwide lockdown of the country was implemented effectively, this alone was not sufficient to defeat the COVID-19 disease. Realizing the importance of the need to generate local epidemiological data through robust studies, this study was undertaken in a district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. The aim was to study the epidemiological profile of patients tested positive in district Kathua.Methods: Retrospective observational study was done to find the spatial distribution of corona virus infection in the five blocks in district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. Data from the integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP) unit of district Kathua was screened and the epidemiological information from all the positive reports which included the total number of COVID-19 positive cases, address, travel history, contact history were extracted for the period of five months April 2020 to August 2020.Results: 929 patients were found positive for COVID-19. Male outnumbered the females.  More than 58.8% of males were of age group 21-40 years and the least number of positive male cases were seen in the age group >80 years. In our study 627 (67%) had a history of travel, 202 (21%) had a history of contact with a positive patient, 100 (10%) were positive with no history of travel or contact.Conclusions: Kathua block of the district was maximally affected having the 58.7% largest number of COVID-19 positive cases with cure rate of 92.46% and case fatality rate of 0.5% was observed.

scholarly journals LEPTOSPIROSE NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA E PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO COMPARATIVO

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Enoque Júnio da Rocha Calado ◽  
Vitória De Souza Oliveira ◽  
Fellipe Camargo Ferreira Dias ◽  
Aline Barbosa Lopes ◽  
Amanda Amâncio Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
The Subject

A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa negligenciada cujos dados epidemiológicos são deficientes em todo o mundo. Objetiva-se apresentar dados epidemiológicos desta patologia na região Norte, analisando-os comparativamente com valores obtidos em estudos de outras partes do país e do mundo. Realizou-se estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, clínico e epidemiológico dos casos notificados na região Norte do Brasil, entre 2012 a 2015 com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN. Observou-se média anual de 1074,25 casos de leptospirose na região Norte, predominantemente no sexo masculino (65,74%), entre 20-39 anos (41,56%), provenientes da zona urbana (79,69%), com contágio associado ao domicílio (70%) e com métododiagnóstico clínico-laboratorial (84%). A maioria dos pacientes na região evoluiu com cura da doença (89,53%). A região Norte é endêmica para leptospirose, apresentando dados deficitários. São necessários mais estudos na área e ações públicas direcionadas.Palavras-chave: leptospirose, epidemiologia, vigilância epidemiológica, região Norte. ABSTRACT Introduction: Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease whose epidemiological data is worldwide deficient. Objective: To present epidemiological data about said disease in the Northern Region of Brazil, analysing them comparatively against values gathered from other regions of the country and of the world. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, clinical and epidemiological study was made from the cases registered in the Northern Region of Brazil between 2012 and 2015 with data from the National Notification Disease Information System – SINAN. Results: An annual average of 1074,25 leptospirosis cases were observed in the Northern Region, predominantly among males (65,74%), between the ages 20-39 (41,56%), inhabiting urban areas (79,69%), avocational exposure (70%) and the diagnosis method was mostly based upon clinical and laboratorial features (84%). Most patients in the region recovered from the infection (89,53%). Conclusion: The Northern Region of Brazil is endemic for leptospirosis, displaying insufficient data. Further studies and public actions regarding the subject are needed.                                            Keywords: leptospirose, epidemiology, epidemiological surveillance, North Region.

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Submetidos à Biópsia Gástrica em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas Gerais/ Epidemiological Profile of Patients Undergo Gastric Biopsy in a School Hospital of Minas Gerais

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Isabela Maria A. Ribeiro Simões ◽  
Ana Carolina Mauad Coli ◽  
Roseane de Souza Candido Irulegui
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões benignas e neoplasia gástrica através do estudo de biópsias realizadas em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas Gerais, no período entre 2007 e 2011. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa documental foi quantitativa e retrospectiva, baseada na análise dos registros de biópsias e prontuários. Realizou-se o levantamento de dados referentes à idade, gênero, cor, profissão, diagnóstico histopatológico e presença de Helicobacter pylori nas amostras. Resultados: O número total de biópsias gástricas analisadas foi de 1225, cujo perfil populacional encontrado foi: idade média de 56,75 anos, sexo masculino (52%), cor branca (81,9 %), aposentado (30%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: gastrites (71,9%), pólipos (14,2%), adenocarcinomas (5,9%), úlceras gástricas (6%), linfomas (0,4%), sem alterações (0,4%) e outros (1,2%). Em outros, encontram-se achados de malignidade, metaplasia e xantelasma gástrico. Em relação à presença de Helicobacter pylori nas amostras, o resultado encontrado foi de24% positivas, 46% negativas e 30% não pesquisadas. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmam a alta frequência das doenças gástricas e sua incidência nas diversas faixas etárias, além do envolvimento do H. pylori em tais afecções. É de grande importância a caracterização dos dados epidemiológicos, o que permite prováveis direcionamentos para programas de prevenção e informação para a população. Palavras-chave: biópsia gástrica, gastropatia, perfil epidemiológico.  ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the prevalence of benign lesions and gastric cancer through study of biopsies performed at a school hospital in southern Minas Gerais, in the period between 2007 and 2011.Materials and Methods: The research was quantitative and retrospective, based on analysis of biopsies records and medical records. We conducted the survey data regarding age, sex, color, profession, histopathological diagnosis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the samples. Results: The total number of gastric biopsies analyzed was 1225. Population listing was found: mean age of 56.75 years, male (52%), white (81.9%), retired (30%). The most frequent diagnoses were gastritis (71.9%), polyps (14.2%), adenocarcinomas (5.9%), gastric ulcers (6%), lymphoma (0.4%), unchanged (0, 4%) and others (1.2%). In others, there are: findings of malignancy, metaplasia, gastric xanthelasma. Regarding the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the sample, the result was: 24% positive, 46% negative, 30% non searched. Conclusion: The results confirm the high frequency of gastric diseases and their incidence in the various age groups additionally to the involvement of H. pylori in such conditions. It is of great importance to characterize the epidemiological data, allowing probable directions for prevention and information programs for population. Keywords: gastric biopsy, gastropathy, epidemiological profile

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of Intracerebral Hemorrhage during a 10-Year Period in a Southern Brazilian Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Timóteo Almeida ◽  
Fernanda Almeida ◽  
Luidia Giacomini ◽  
Andressa Niederauer ◽  
Anna Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Anticoagulant Drugs ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is responsible for 20% of all cases of cerebrovascular accidents, which might lead to functional disabilities and death. There are few epidemiological data on spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Brazil, and more specifically in the southern region of the country. Methods We reviewed data of 221 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who attended our department between January of 2004 and December of 2013 and were registered as I61 and I62 according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Results From the 221 cases, 53.8% were male, and the median age was 63 years old. Arterial hypertension was reported in 62.4% of the patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 28.9% of all cases and pneumonia affected 19.9%. In 73.4% of the cases, the patients died or were severely disabled at discharge. We found an association of heart disease, coagulopathies, chronic kidney disease, anticoagulant drugs use, surgical treatment, and pneumonia with a poorer outcome. Conclusion The present study describes the epidemiological profile of intracerebral hemorrhage in a southern Brazilian population during a 10-year period.

scholarly journals Congenital syphilis in Marabá (State of Pará, Brazil): epidemiological analysis of a decade

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Caroline Mendes Santos ◽  
Daniela Soares Leite
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a systemic infect contagious disease, sexually transmitted, easily diagnosed, with effective and low cost treatment. Thus, the existence of a paradox is detached, once infectious diseases of greater complexity have already been controlled. In its congenital form, syphilis in Brazil constitutes a sentry event of high magnitude that presents unfavorable indicators in terms of its control. In the State of Pará, Marabá is the municipality with the highest number of cases in the past years. The aimed of this study was describing a clinical-epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in Marabá, from 2006 to 2015. This was a descriptive, retrospective and documental study which analyzed secondary data from SINAN/SMS/SVS/DATASUS/Marabá/PA. Between 2006 and 2015, 323 cases of CS were notified in Marabá. The incidence of congenital syphilis of 6.5 cases per 1,000 live births from 2006-2015 is 6.5 the Ministry of Health goal; from 2012 to 2015 the rates were 8, 9.8, 26.3 and 11.3/1,000, respectively. Most pregnant women performed prenatal (88.6%), was between 20 and 24 years old (62.2%), 26.6% did not finish Middle School. Most partners, 67.5%, of the pregnants diagnosed with did not perform treatment; in 55% of cases, the maternal syphilis diagnosis happened during labor/curettage. Congenital syphilis in Marabá overcame the highest incidence in 2014, with 26.3 cases per 1,000 live births. This great value in 2014 may be a result of the campaign "It's possible to born without syphilis in Pará", released by the Secretary of State for Health of Pará at the end of 2013, since in periods of huge campaigns there is an increase of notifications, due to easier access to the diagnosis of the disease. In the year of 2015, an incidence of 11.3 cases per 1,000 live births was observed, this abrupt decrease, compared to 2014, corroborates with the influence of the campaigns in the detection of new cases. The cases of congenital syphilis notified in the Municipality of Marabá demonstrated failures in the prenatal service, particularly in the time of verification of gestational syphilis and in the treatment of the partners. However, most cases had a positive outcome, with a low number of pre and perinatal deaths due to CS. According to the section of Epidemiological Surveillance of Marabá, many factors are responsible for the high incidence of congenital syphilis in the municipality, among them the lack of clarification of the pregnants/mothers about syphilis, a low demand by the prenatal care and the low attendance of partners, what unfeasible the effective control of this disease, as well as the precarious training of health professionals, who give little importance to the disease and show difficulty to interpret lab results. The correct notification (if there is a higher quality in the reports, the number will be closer to the real), investigation of cases, appropriate treatment and implementation of measures to prevent new cases of congenital syphilis will contribute to the reduction of cases in Marabá.

scholarly journals The Registry as a Basis for Epidemiological Surveillance and Optimization of Care in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Birkun ◽  
A. V. Altukhov
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Despite significant progress in medicine, out-of-hospital cardiac (OHCA) remains one of the leading causes of death around the world. Epidemiological data suggest wide distribution of OHCA, low incidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts and low efficiency of resuscitation in the Russian Federation. Both implementation of measures for reducing mortality from OHCA and monitoring of their efficiency should be based on up-to-date, reliable data on national and regional OHCA epidemiology and performance of emergency medical services. The aim of this review is to provide a rationale for establishment of the national OHCA registry as a main instrument of collection, arrangement, storage, processing and presentation of data on OHCA epidemiology and efficiency of care provided. The review includes the analysis of OHCA epidemiological studies carried out in Russia, describes general concept and international experience of developing OHCA registries, and discusses Utstein guidelines for uniform reporting of OHCA data.

scholarly journals Risk factors, clinico-epidemiological profile of tuberculosis among children attending a tertiary care hospital: a two year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Ravikumar Tenali ◽  
Naveen Kumar Badri ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: TB remains as the one among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2016, 10.4 million people fell ill with TB, and 1.7 million died from the disease with 0.4 million with HIV. At least 1 million children become ill with TB each year. Children represent about 10-11% of all TB cases. Having knowledge of the risk factors for tuberculosis infection in children is important to evaluate the level of ongoing transmission of infection and to help adapt activities within national TB control programs. The main objective is to study the risk factors and their association and variable clinical features in cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: The main objective is to study the risk factors and their association and variable clinical features in cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.Results: 98 cases of TB were confirmed out of total 628 with a prevalence of 17.07% in the   study with 78 PTB cases and 20 EPTB. Females were more with male to female ratio of 0.7:1.5-9 years was the most common age group in the study. Statistically significant association was found between old history of ATT, HIV positivity, contact with an open case of TB and malnutrition (p value<0.05). TB meningitis was the most common EPTB (10/20 cases) followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis (5/20). 69.39% (68/98 cases) were smear positive, radiologically 59.18% of cases were positive and Tuberculin skin test was positive in 46.94%.Conclusions: Childhood tuberculosis is a neglected entity in developing countries due to underreporting and difficulties in diagnosis due to variable clinical picture in children. Hence epidemiological surveillance studies in children are required to determine the actual prevalence of pulmonary and extra pulmonary cases of tuberculosis. Increased efforts are required to isolate TB bacilli from body fluids to identify early the childhood cases and manage them to prevent disease burden in the community.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of Malignant Brain Neoplasms in the Northern Region of Brazil: data from the Cancer Hospital Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 094-101
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Adriano Filho ◽  
Lenon Machado Pinto ◽  
Joel Monteiro de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Brain Neoplasms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Hospital Registry

Objective Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are considered rare, with an incidence of 3.4 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Although uncommon, CNS tumors have been gaining epidemiological importance due to their increased incidence and mortality. In Brazil, there is a lack of population research regarding CNS cancer, especially in the Northern region. Thus, the authors aim to trace an epidemiological profile of malignant brain neoplasms in the Northern region from 2001 to 2013. Methods Data were collected from the Cancer Hospital Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (RHC-INCA, in the Portuguese acronym) and stratified according to origin, gender, age, detailed primary location, and histological type. A total of 742 cases were analyzed. Most of the cases came from inland areas, with a male predominance. Results The most affected age groups were between 0 and 9 years old and between 30 and 49 years old, with an accentuated decrease in incidence starting at the age of 70 years old. The frontal lobe was the most affected area, followed by the temporal and parietal lobes. Astrocytic tumors accounted for 64.3% of cases, followed by embryonal tumors (18.2%), and ependymal tumors (7.4%). Among the astrocytic tumors, astrocytoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), and glioblastoma, NOS corresponded to 82.2% of the cases. Among embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma accounted for 71.9% of the cases. Conclusion More epidemiological studies in this area, especially in the Northern region, are required to identify risk factors and allow prevention and early diagnosis.

scholarly journals 1491. Active Norovirus Surveillance in Children Under 5 Years with Diarrhea after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Argentina (2017–2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S543-S543
Author(s):  
Angela Gentile ◽  
Juan Stupka ◽  
Juan I Degiuseppe ◽  
María del Valle Juárez ◽  
Maria Florencia Lucion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Acute diarrhea is one of the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality. Argentina introduced massive rotavirus vaccination in 2015. In several countries, this introduction has changed the distribution of enteropathogens. The decrease in the prevalence of rotavirus has been described at the expense of an increase in Norovirus (NoV) activity worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of NoV in acute diarrhea cases in outpatient children under 5 years of age and their epidemiological profile. Methods A prospective and cross-sectional study in <5 years outpatients attended for acute diarrhea in Children’s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez” in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between July 2017 and March 2019 was conducted. Active epidemiological surveillance was performed with a specific case reporting form. Stool samples were tested for NoV (RT-qPCR). Clinical and epidemiological data were recorded. Results A total of 252 patients were enrolled and 235 stools samples were tested. Median of age was 22.3 months (IQR: 11–30), 58.7% were male. The most frequent symptoms were fever and vomiting in 63.1% and 53%, respectively; 52% had watery diarrhea, 45.2% had moderate diarrhea according to Vesikari Scale, 95.6% were normohydrated and 22% had a household member with diarrhea. There were no immunocompromised children. A 72% had received rotavirus vaccine, 86% of them with full scheme. From samples tested, 27% (n = 63) were NoV positive. NoV was found throughout the year and the frequency of detection was higher in January and June (summer and winter in Argentina). Regarding genetic diversity the most frequent genogroup was GII (65%; 41/63) and genotype GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney (48%; 20/41). Bacterial co-infection was observed in 35%. Compared with negative cases, NoV were younger (18 vs. 20 months; P < 0.001) and were associated with higher prevalence of rotavirus vaccination (88% vs. 66%; P = 0.001). No statistically difference was found regarding to gender, clinical outcome and severity. Conclusion NoV was detected at high frequency (27%) in children presenting moderate acute diarrhea, mainly in those who received rotavirus vaccine. Regarding sporadic acute diarrhea cases in children, it is important to consider NoV as a frequent etiological agent. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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