scholarly journals PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2017; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN BRAZIL IN THE PERIOD FROM 2007 TO 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
NOELY DE CARVALHO LEITE ◽  
Jordana Lucio Garcia ◽  
Itamar Magalhães Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

RESUMO A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma antropozoonose generalizada, de evolução crônica e sistêmica, que, apesar de ser passível de tratamento e cura, possui elevadas taxas de incidência e letalidade. Tipicamente, afeta países subdesenvolvidos, com uma preferência pela população mais vulnerável socioeconomicamente, e possui ampla distribuição territorial, sendo o Brasil um dos principais países acometidos. Objetivo: analisar dados epidemiológicos da doença no país no período estabelecido. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, realizado a partir de busca de dados de acesso livre do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados e discussões: No intervalo em questão, foram documentados 40.786 casos de LV, com uma variação pouco heterogênea entre os anos estudados. Destes, 2011 registrou o maior número de casos, contando com 4.039 registros. As populações mais afetadas incluem: sexo masculino (média de 2.362 casos/ano), faixa etária de 1-4 anos (média de 978 casos/ano), raça parda (média de 2.750 casos/ano) e baixa escolaridade – a maioria entre a primeira e a quarta série (média de 405 casos/ano). Além disso, excluindo-se os casos ignorados/brancos, 10% do total dos indivíduos apresentaram coinfecção da LV com HIV. A região Nordeste demonstrou maior incidência da doença, com 52,7% do total dos casos. O principal estado atingido é o Maranhão, que apresentou um número de 6.070 casos durante o período estudado. Conclusão: Considerando a relevância do alto número de casos apontados nesse trabalho, mostra-se necessária a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção da transmissão, busca ativa de casos e educação em saúde. Nesse quadro, para maior eficácia, deve existir integração entre vigilância epidemiológica e assistência clínica, acesso aos serviços, capacitação dos profissionais e empoderamento da população. Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral; Epidemiologia; Doenças Negligenciadas; Zoonose. ABSTRACT Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a generalised anthropozoonosis whose evolution is chronic and systemic, with high rates of incidence and mortality, even though it can be treated and cured. VL typically occurs in non-developed countries and affects preferentially the most socioeconomically vulnerable population. Brazil is one of the most affected countries from this disease. Objective: To analyse the epidemiological data on VL in Brazil regarding the study period. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study using data obtained from the Brazilian Case Registry Database corresponding to the period between January 2007 and December 2017. Results: A total of 40,786 cases of VL were recorded for the study period, with slightly heterogeneous variation among the years. The highest number of cases stood at 4,039 in the year of 2011. The most affected populations were men (mean of 2,362 cases/year), children in the age group of 1-4 years (mean of 978 cases/year), Afro-descendant individuals (mean of 2,750 cases/year) and those with low educational level, that is, first to fourth year of elementary school (mean of 405 cases /year). Moreover, not considering the ignored/blank cases, 10% of all individuals were co-infected with HIV. The Brazilian north-eastern region has the highest incidence of the disease, with 52.7% of all cases. The State of Maranhão is the most affected as there were 6,070 cases in the study period. Conclusion: Considering the high number of cases of VL found in the present study, it is necessary to implement public policies aimed at preventing the transmission of the disease, actively seeking cases and providing health education. In this context, there should be integration among epidemiological surveillance, clinical care, access to services, qualification of professionals and empowerment of population. Key-words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Epidemiology; Neglected diseases; Zoonoses.

scholarly journals Production of Urban Space and the occurrence of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: the Porto Velho case

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 4263-4274
Author(s):  
Renata Duarte Marques ◽  
Jussara Rafael Angelo ◽  
Alzemar Alves de Lima ◽  
Trevon Fuller ◽  
Christovam Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Urban Malaria ◽  
Urban Pattern ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The City ◽  
Porto Velho

Abstract Due to intense ongoing urbanization in the Amazon, the urban pattern of malaria may be changing, both in its spatial distribution and epidemiological profile. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the process of production of urban space in Porto Velho, the capital of the state of Rondonia, Brazil has contributed to the occurrence and maintenance of urban malaria. Using data collected from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Malaria), we calculated malaria indices for the districts of Porto Velho from 2005 to 2018. We also developed two typologies for classifying urban space based on functional characteristics and features of the landscape. While the former considers characteristics of urban space in Porto Velho, the latter is based on suitability for malaria vectors. We found that the annual parasite index declined in Porto Velho during the study period. However, changes in the index were not uniform across the districts of the city. Periurban areas showed no decline in the index, which we attribute to these areas’ high vegetation density and hydrological characteristics.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization of neglected diseases in the state of Piauí

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
M. H. S. Lemos ◽  
M. A. O. Costa ◽  
L. P. Lages ◽  
T. C. Soares ◽  
D. A. M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Neglected diseases are characterized as a group of diseases that contribute to the maintenance of inequality. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of neglected diseases in the state of Piauí. This was an ecological, exploratory, retrospective, descriptive and quantitative study with data obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Piauí State Department of Health of neglected diseases in the state: Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Leishmaniasis American cutaneous, Chagas disease and Geohelminthiases. The selection of data took place between 2012 and 2016, except for Geohelminthiases, which followed the Ministry of Health campaign that took place between 2014 and 2016. The organization and data analysis took place using the software Tabwin 4.1.4 and Microsoft Excel. 5251 leprosy cases with a predominance of multibacillary cases (60.22%) were reported. Regarding Tuberculosis, there were 3369 cases with a predominance between 20 and 49 years old (50.73%). Regarding Leishmaniasis, 1052 cases were reported with a predominance of Visceral Leishmaniasis (84.3%) while Chagas' disease, 90 cases were reported. Regarding Geohelminthiasis, 1029 schools and 155,082 students joined the campaign, 77.69% of whom were treated with albendazole. In Piauí, case records of neglected diseases are high, with the need to intensify control actions, which can contribute to an efficient performance of surveillance of these diseases and improvement of the population's quality of life.

scholarly journals Scorpion stings and spider bites in the Upper Juruá, Acre – Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Piccinelli da Silva ◽  
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Spider Bites ◽  
Scorpion Stings ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Introduction: Epidemiological information on poisonings by venomous animals is fundamental in order to elaborate proposals for educational campaigns for prevention of poisonings, and may contribute to the improvement of the care of patients admitted to health facilities. Objective: Thus, the objective is to analyze the epidemiological profile of spider and scorpion poisoning in the Upper Juruá region, Western Amazonia, Brazil, from 2012 to 2017. Methods: Epidemiological data were obtained from the records of SINAN (Information System of Notifiable Diseases) in the Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the Juruá Regional Hospital located in Cruzeiro do Sul. Results: There were 207 cases of accidents with arachnids, predominantly stinging by scorpions (148 cases, 71.9%), in the Regional Epidemiological Surveillance Sector of the Juruá Regional Hospital located in Cruzeiro do Sul. The average morbidity coefficient during the study period was 12 cases per 100,000 inhabitants for spider bites and 29.28 for scorpion stings. There was no correlation between spider and scorpion incidents with rainfall over the months during the study period. Conclusion: The average incidence of spider and scorpion incidents in the Upper Juruá region is one of the highest recorded for the Brazilian Amazon and is higher than the averages for Brazil, the Northern region and the state of Acre. Incidents with spiders and scorpions were not correlated with rainfall, and other factors associated with species biology or with human activities related to the temporal distribution, therefore there could be a risk of an arachnid incident throughout the year.  

scholarly journals Current and Future Burden of Prostate Cancer in Songkhla, Thailand: Analysis of Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2030

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Alvarez ◽  
Shama Virani ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
Laura S. Rozek ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data

Purpose Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide, and it poses a significant public health burden that has traditionally been limited mostly to developed countries. However, the burden of the disease is expected to increase, affecting developing countries, including Thailand. We undertook an analysis to investigate current and future trends of prostate cancer in the province of Songkhla, Thailand, using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 to 2013. Methods Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer and provide estimated annual percent change (EAPC) with 95% CIs. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to assess the effect of age, calendar year, and birth cohort on incidence and mortality rates. Three different methods (Joinpoint, Nordpred, and APC) were used to project trends from 2013 to 2030. Results Eight hundred fifty-five cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 in Songkhla, Thailand. The incidence rates of prostate cancer significantly increased since 1990 at an EAPC of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6% to 5.9%). Similarly, mortality rates increased at an EAPC of 5.3% (95% CI, 3.4% to 7.2%). The APC models suggest that birth cohort is the most important factor driving the increased incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer. Future incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are projected to continue to increase, doubling the rates observed in 2013 by 2030. Conclusion It is critical to allocate resources to provide care for the men who will be affected by this increase in prostate cancer incidence in Songkhla, Thailand, and to design context-appropriate interventions to prevent its increasing burden.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of renal cancer in developing countries: Review of the literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. E154-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Medina-Rico ◽  
Hugo López-Ramos ◽  
Manuel Lobo ◽  
Jorge Romo ◽  
Juan Guillermo Prada
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the ninth most common cancer in men, and the 14th most common cancer in women. It has been reported that the incidence of RCC is rising. These changes are more common in developed countries because of better screening programs and disease registry. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology of RCC around the world.Methods: A literature review of four databases was performed: PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and Scielo. Studies of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and survival of RCC were taken from different countries. Studies included were published in the last 10 years. Two reviewers independently selected the studies.Results: A total of 5275 references were reviewed by title and abstract. In the end, 42 references were selected for full-text review. The global incidence and prevalence of cancer vary. The highest incidence was described in North America and Northern Europe. In Canada, by 2007 the incidence was 17.9/100 000 and 10.3/100 000 in males and females, respectively. Developing countries like Colombia have fewer incidence rates, with less information in poor-income areas.Conclusions: We have seen a rise in the incidence and mortality of RCC globally. There is an association between RCC and smoking, obesity, hypertension, and socioeconomic status. Seeing the epidemiological data from some regions in developing countries and the lack of specialists in those places, it can be deduced there is underreporting of the disease that reveals the need to improve both surveillance and disease registration programs, especially in these countries.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile, temporal trend and geographic location of the occurrence of meningitis in Alagoas (2008-2017)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza ◽  
Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana ◽  
Antônio Leopoldo do Nascimento Gama Albuquerque ◽  
Gabriel Monteiro Arnozo ◽  
Isabella Cristinna da Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Meningitis is a neuroinfection of multivariate etiologies, high morbidity and mortality and social impact. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile and analyze the trend and spatial distribution of meningitis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, in the period 2008-2017. Methods: The ecological study is based on confirmed processes of meningitis and deaths from disease. Data were collected from the National Notification System. Clinical and epidemiological variables were analyzed, such as incidence and mortality rates. The regression model was used as a regression model for inflection points. A spatial sample was performed by a local empirical model, followed by global and local Moran statistics. Confidence interval of 95% and significance of 5% were considered. Results: 1365 cases were reported to Alagoas state, 59.6% male, 60.7% aged up to 19 years and 89.8% brown. Regarding the clinical profile, standing out: bacterial meningitis (24.3%), serum group Y (14.0%) and diagnosis by chemocytology (32.7%). Inflation decreased from 4.97/100 thousand in 2008 to 3.23/100 thousand in 2017 (AAPC -7.3%; p <0.001). Growth rate in growing trend from 10.3% in 2008 to 15.85% in 2017 (AAPC 4.7%; p <0.001). The capital city of Maceió presented a greater exchange of notified cases (40.7%). The highest incidence rates are those of Marechal Deodoro (36.00 / 100 thousand) and Maragogi (29.63/100 thousand). The priority municipalities were in the eastern region. Conclusions: The study showed a reduction in the incidence of Meningitis and heterogeneous spatial distribution in the state of Alagoas.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis cases in Três Lagoas - MS, Brazil in the period of 2007-2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e72101623258
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bruna de Almeida Carvalho ◽  
João Victor Camargo Caldeira ◽  
Mirian Daiane de Oliveira ◽  
Juliano Yasuo Oda ◽  
Alex Martins Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The City

This retrospective observational cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in Três Lagoas registered between January 2007 and August 2021, through data processed by the Epidemiological Surveillance Service based on the notification of the National System of Diseases and Notifications. In this period, 231 cases were confirmed, being 137 male (59.3%) and 94 female (40.7%). Was observed a higher prevalence of cases between ages 0-4 years (30.8%), 20-39 (22.5%) and 40-59 (19.9%). Also was observed a higher percentage of infected Caucasian individuals (45.4%) and individuals with low education: elementary school II (22.1%). The most prevalent clinical manifestations were fever (85.3%), splenomegaly (76.6%), weakness (67.1%), weight loss (65.8%) and hepatomegaly (62.8%). It was found that 80.1% of patients received pharmacological treatment, mainly using pentavalent antimonials (56.7%), and that 26 patients (11.3%) died during the period due to complications caused by VL. The spatial analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of VL cases in the city's urban perimeter without predominant regions. Finally, it was observed that the incidence and mortality by VL has been decreasing in recent years, however maintaining high rates of lethality and transmissibility, placing the municipality in the third with the highest transmission rate in the state. In view of these aspects, we conclude that VL is still a serious public health problem in the city and that despite the slight drop in incidence and mortality rates, it still presents values higher than the national average and high dissemination of the disease in the urban area.

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Submetidos à Biópsia Gástrica em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas Gerais/ Epidemiological Profile of Patients Undergo Gastric Biopsy in a School Hospital of Minas Gerais

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Isabela Maria A. Ribeiro Simões ◽  
Ana Carolina Mauad Coli ◽  
Roseane de Souza Candido Irulegui
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões benignas e neoplasia gástrica através do estudo de biópsias realizadas em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas Gerais, no período entre 2007 e 2011. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa documental foi quantitativa e retrospectiva, baseada na análise dos registros de biópsias e prontuários. Realizou-se o levantamento de dados referentes à idade, gênero, cor, profissão, diagnóstico histopatológico e presença de Helicobacter pylori nas amostras. Resultados: O número total de biópsias gástricas analisadas foi de 1225, cujo perfil populacional encontrado foi: idade média de 56,75 anos, sexo masculino (52%), cor branca (81,9 %), aposentado (30%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram: gastrites (71,9%), pólipos (14,2%), adenocarcinomas (5,9%), úlceras gástricas (6%), linfomas (0,4%), sem alterações (0,4%) e outros (1,2%). Em outros, encontram-se achados de malignidade, metaplasia e xantelasma gástrico. Em relação à presença de Helicobacter pylori nas amostras, o resultado encontrado foi de24% positivas, 46% negativas e 30% não pesquisadas. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmam a alta frequência das doenças gástricas e sua incidência nas diversas faixas etárias, além do envolvimento do H. pylori em tais afecções. É de grande importância a caracterização dos dados epidemiológicos, o que permite prováveis direcionamentos para programas de prevenção e informação para a população. Palavras-chave: biópsia gástrica, gastropatia, perfil epidemiológico.  ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the prevalence of benign lesions and gastric cancer through study of biopsies performed at a school hospital in southern Minas Gerais, in the period between 2007 and 2011.Materials and Methods: The research was quantitative and retrospective, based on analysis of biopsies records and medical records. We conducted the survey data regarding age, sex, color, profession, histopathological diagnosis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the samples. Results: The total number of gastric biopsies analyzed was 1225. Population listing was found: mean age of 56.75 years, male (52%), white (81.9%), retired (30%). The most frequent diagnoses were gastritis (71.9%), polyps (14.2%), adenocarcinomas (5.9%), gastric ulcers (6%), lymphoma (0.4%), unchanged (0, 4%) and others (1.2%). In others, there are: findings of malignancy, metaplasia, gastric xanthelasma. Regarding the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the sample, the result was: 24% positive, 46% negative, 30% non searched. Conclusion: The results confirm the high frequency of gastric diseases and their incidence in the various age groups additionally to the involvement of H. pylori in such conditions. It is of great importance to characterize the epidemiological data, allowing probable directions for prevention and information programs for population. Keywords: gastric biopsy, gastropathy, epidemiological profile

scholarly journals Income, wealth and use of personal protection equipment in the Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Migheli
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

AbstractBoth in developing and developed countries, farmers often do not protect themselves adequately, especially when applying agrochemicals that are dangerous for their health. The issue is relevant because insufficient protection is between the causes leading to intoxication of farmers and workers who handle these products. The literature suggests that both lack of training and information and low income may explain why, especially in developing countries, protective equipment is under-used. Using data from the Mekong Delta, this study addresses the issue of whether income and household wealth may help explaining the use of incomplete protections against pesticides. The results suggest that income, more than wealth, is a reason why Vietnamese farmers operating in the Mekong Delta fail in using adequate protections. In particular, the data suggest that they may prefer to divert resources to increasing the production of their fields or to buying goods that may be used both as protection and as everyday garments. This behaviour leads to underinvestment in some important protective goods. Possible public interventions to mitigate the problem are suggested; in particular, the promotion of integrated pest management techniques could be useful.

scholarly journals Time series analysis of the relationship between diarrhea in children and Rota 2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the eastern region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Atampiiga Avoka ◽  
Elvis J. Dun-Dery ◽  
Issah Seidu ◽  
Armel N. E. Abou ◽  
Paul Twene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
R Software ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Rotavirus is considered the main causal factor of severe gastroenteritis among infants and children globally. The association with severe rotavirus infection is mostly worse among the least developed countries, mainly due to inadequate access to medical care and poverty. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal effects in respect of diarrhea cases in children, the association between diarrhea cases and Rota2 vaccine in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods The study compares monthly diarrhea cases against children vaccinated with Rota2 extracted from DHIMS2 spanning May 2012 to December 2017 in Fanteakwa District. A univariate association between diarrhea cases and children vaccinated with Rota 2 was conducted using the R-software version 3.4.4 with the use of forecast, tseries and TSAPred. Pearson Correlation coefficient was also computed between monthly diarrhea cases and Rota 2 as well as lagged values of Rota 2 and Diarrhea cases. Results The study shows that February recorded the highest average number of diarrhea cases (172) over the period 2012 to 2017 with a standard deviation of 59. However, a one-way analysis of variance shows a significant difference amongst the monthly averages with an F-statistic of 0.042 and P-value of 0.064. It is observed that the correlations between each of the Rota2 doses and the lagged cases are positive, showing higher Rota2 doses a month ago ((Xt − 1),0.346 to0.735), two months ago ((Xt − 2),0.383 to 0.746), three months ago ((Xt − 3), 0.330 to 0.737) and four months ago ((Xt − 4), 0.236 to 0.723) are associated with lower diarrhea cases. The results also show that an increase in the previous two month’s Rota2 figures by 100 is associated with a significant decrease in the currently expected diarrhea cases by approximately 36. Conclusion Seasonal variations exist in the occurrence of diarrhea in children, with January recording the highest number of diarrhea cases (172). There is a relationship between episodes of diarrhea in children and Rota2 (p-value = 0.064); thus, the more children are vaccinated with Rota2, the less diarrhea cases are recorded. Diarrhea cases in Fanteakwa district are generally low, except 2013 and 2016 where the cases are higher than the rest of the other years.

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