Japan’s Absent Mode of Regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Saori Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
Mode Of Regulation

This chapter demonstrates that, despite the attempts at neoliberal reform, Japan's political economy has nevertheless been unable to return to sustainable levels of economic growth similar to those experienced before the bursting of the economic bubble in 1991. If one considers the three-year centered moving average of gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Japan in the period 1961–2018, Japan's economy has consistently struggled to rise above 2-percent annual-average growth for any three-year period since 1991. In part, this is a further consequence of the inability to achieve consensus around a new mode of regulation for Japan's national economy throughout this period. Thus, Japan suffers from the absence of a mode of regulation, and its efforts at liberalization have been unsuccessfully implemented—partly as a result of the opposition to efforts at reform. Japan's process of neoliberalization has therefore been impeded, incomplete, somewhat unsuccessful, and marked more by dissension and a failure to identify an alternative institutional compromise with which to secure a return to economic growth.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY BY REGIONAL SIGN TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov ◽  
Yuriy Pavelko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environmental Component

The purpose of this work is to study the development of the national economy in recent years taking into account the environmental component. It is proved that providing conditions for long-term economic growth is the primary task of macroeconomy of any country. Unstable development of the national economy in recent decades accompanied by prolonged crises, as well as a slow path of reforming all spheres of life on the way to building a democratic society with a developed market economy cause constant attention of domestic scientists to this direction. Methodology. The results of environmental protection measures are classified, based on the practical use of modern economic and mathematical methods and models. Results. It is proved that when using these methods, the results of law enforcement measures can be divided into the following groups: in the conditions of positive rates of economic development, the volumes of atmospheric emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide had a negative dynamics. This scenario of environmental and economic efficiency is the most desirable; positive growth rates of fresh water use are inferior to GDP growth rates, the rates of waste generation and water abstraction exceed the dynamics of GDP growth. This scenario is the least acceptable, as not only environmental damage is increasing in absolute terms, but environmental performance is also deteriorating. Practical implications. The period of 2015–2018 was chosen for research as it was characterized by the resumption of gradual economic growth in most sectors of the economy after the deep crisis of 2014. The available data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2019 has not currently contained complete information on volumes anthropogenic impact. The leaders of regional development in terms of GRP growth in 2015–2018 were Volyn (+ 5.72%), Kyiv (+ 5.66%) and Zhytomyr (+ 5.00%) regions. In contrast, the most depressed regions with negative economic growth rates were Donetsk (-1.86%), Luhansk (-0.84%) and Poltava (-0.51%) regions. In the latter region, the rate of population decline exceeded the increase in labor productivity, resulting in a decrease in performance. Value/originality of the work is the analysis of trends in the national economy taking into account the environmental component, which in contrast to the existing comes from modern experience of practical use of economic and mathematical methods, which allows to develop recommendations based on quantitative estimates.

More on the Dynamics of Agricultural Contribution to Economic Growth — Reply

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Edward Nissan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Annual Average Growth Rate

In his note on my recent two articles in this journal, Professor Addington Coppin states that the results obtained for estimating agricultural contribution to economic growth in various economies are sensitive to employing annual average growth rate data, end-of-period output shares, and geometric “weights” in some of the calculations. He suggests that the results would have been more accurate by employing (1) simple percentage changes in the level variables over the entire period of consideration; (2) beginning-of-period data on output shares; and (3) arithmetic weights. This reply addresses the logic and correctness of the approach undertaken in my research that strengthen the confidence in the results offered in my articles.

A Comparison of the Economic Growth of the Baltic States between the Two World Wars

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThis paper contributes to cliometric research on the economic output of Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia between 1913 and 1938. For Finland, gross domestic product (GDP) values from Maddison project dataset are accepted. For Estonia, Arno Köörna’s and Jaak Valge’s estimates are endorsed with reservations for 1923–1924. According to an optimistic estimate, Lithuania’s GDP per capita was below all-Russian mean in 1913, but was not less than USSR level in 1938, while Gediminas Vaskela’s pessimistic estimate of the 1938 Lithuanian GDP implies its GDP growth underperformance. Using new sources, the first estimates of Latvia’s output for the 1913–1938 period in cross-country and cross-temporally comparable measurement units (1990 Geary Khamis international $) are substantiated. Under optimistic estimates of Lithuanian GDP growth, this country was on par with Finland in terms of annual growth rates, with Latvia following next and Estonia displaying the weakest growth performance.

Measures of Income Distribution and Economic Growth

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Pak Hung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Negative Effect

In this study, the empirical contents of various income inequality measures are compared under an identical framework with a well-tested data set. Our study suggests that long-term income inequality has a strong negative effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth under different measurements. Moreover, governments should investigate further into changes in the income size of the middle class as an indicator for potential changes in social stability, investment, and GDP growth, besides focusing on the Gini coefficient, which they predominantly do now.

The Role of Technology and Investment in the Business Sector in Driving Net Exports and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Wawan Agung Heni Atutin ◽  
◽  
Eny Lestari Widarni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Net Export

This study examines the Role of Technology and Infrastructure in Driving Net Exports and Economic Growth. This study uses secondary data from world banks and processed regression using the moving average autoregression method. We find that when the development of supporting infrastructure for the economy is integrated with technology, there is a very large amount of technology imports so that net exports decline when this is done and economic growth occurs through the consumption process in the domestic market so that technology and economic infrastructure are positively related. However, technology is negatively related to the gross domestic product because the export push occurs but it is not comparable to technology imports so that the net export becomes negative.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Exchange Rate, Inflation, Export and Import on Gross Domestic Product in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Papi Halder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study is about the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on economic growth of Bangladesh. Economic growth of Bangladesh is measured in terms of annual nominal GDP growth rate. Least squared regression model has been employed considering exchange rate, export, import and inflation rate as independent variables and gross domestic product as the dependent variable in this study. The results reveal that export and import have significant positive impact on GDP growth rate. The other variables (exchange rate and inflation) are not significant, indicating that there exists no significant relationship among the variables. The findings will help the policy makers to make policies concerning the country’s economic growth to remain robust in the near future.

scholarly journals Optimistically biased economic growth forecasts and negatively skewed annual variation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Burgess ◽  
Ryan E. Langendorf ◽  
Tara Ippolito ◽  
Roger Pielke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Negative Skewness ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growth Volatility ◽  
Growth Forecasts

Authoritative economic growth forecasts are often optimistically biased. Negatively skewed variation--negative shocks being larger than positive shocks--could contribute to bias by making long-run average growth smaller than typical-year (median) growth. This positively biases forecasts based on typical years. We compare medians and means in real per-capita GDP growth across countries, regions, and time windows from 1820-2016. Over decadal periods, we find mean growth rates <1%/y smaller than median growth rates in most countries and regions (median 0.23%/y across countries). Surprisingly, we find both large- and medium-magnitude shocks contribute to these differences, rather than only large ‘black swan’ events. We find negative skewness correlated with high levels and slow growth of per-capita GDP and population, and high per-capita GDP growth volatility, building on previous studies. We find negative skewness alone insufficient to explain recent growth over-projections by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (CBO).

The Role of Technology Development and Economic Infrastructure in the Development Efforts of the Welfare of the Indonesian People

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Hasan Mustofa ◽  
◽  
Ema Sulisnaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The People ◽  
Economic Infrastructure

This study aims to examine the role of technological developments and economic infrastructure in developing the welfare of the Indonesian people. This study uses secondary data from world banks and processed regression using the moving average autoregression method. We find that Economic Infrastructure and Technology Development are positively related to the gross domestic product which reflects the welfare of the Indonesian people. The estimation results indicate that when the economic infrastructure is upgraded based on high technology, it will encourage economic growth as indicated by the growth of gross domestic product which in turn will bring welfare to the people. When the economic infrastructure is upgraded based on high technology, it will encourage economic growth, which is indicated by the growth of gross domestic product which in turn brings prosperity to the people.

scholarly journals Policy space in a financially integrated world: The Brazilian case in the 2000s

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Carmem Feijo ◽  
Marcos Lamonica
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Policy Space ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Nominal Interest Rates ◽  
Made In

This paper makes the argument that policy space in Brazil has been narrowing since the trade and capital opening made in the 1990s. This is so because the opening of the Brazilian economy has implied that real and nominal interest rates have been kept high and the real exchange rate has shown a trend towards appreciation. The behavior of the main macroeconomic prices of the Brazilian economy brought, as a minimum, two negative results to economic growth. On one hand, the annual average growth rate was reduced because structural change had been moving towards less technologically productive sectors, which deepened deindustrialization. On the other hand, short-term economic growth had become more volatile, given that the evolution of the investment position of the country increased its potential degree of external fragility.

scholarly journals Public debt influence to the agriculture sector in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
NUHU A. SANSA
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Average Change

Recent literature evidence shows that the Tanzania Public Debt is rapidly growing and the Tanzania Government is using 40% of its domestic revenue to service the public debt at a time when substantially more funding is required for keeping the Tanzania agriculture sector, economic development activities and most important the sustainable development goals attainable. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the influence of the public debt to the agriculture sector in Tanzania.  The study firstly assesses the marginal change of the annual average public debt influence to the agriculture gross domestic product and secondly the study evaluated the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture gross domestic product during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania. With that regard the study applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to analyze the average annual growth rates of the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania.Public debt and agriculture sector gross domestic product time series data were collected from the World Bank and the Bank Of Tanzania annual reports during the period from 1996 to 2018 for Tanzania.To assess the marginal annual average change for the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product the annual average growth rate for the sub periods of 1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015 and for the presidential term 1996-2005 (Third President Term), 2006-2015 (Fourth Presidential Term), and 2016-2018( Three Years Of The Fifth Presidential Term) were evaluated. While to evaluate the influence of the public debt to the agriculture sector gross domestic product, the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product were investigated during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania. The findings of the study in actual fact catching up the attention. The study findings revealed that the  public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product marginal annual average change is positive while the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product is negative and insignificant during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania.

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