scholarly journals Kuningas Hattušili I testament

Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Siim Mõttus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Upper Echelons ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Anatolian Peninsula ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
Insight Into

From the Hittite kingdom in the Anatolian peninsula of the II millennium, the first known Indo-European-ruled political entity, the so-called bilingual testament of Hattušili I (ca. 1650–1620 BC) has long fascinated modern scholars. This article offers a translation of the original Hittite text into Estonian. The testament describes the turbulent political situation of the state’s earlier period, filled with the king’s unruly family members and many rebellions. Seemingly on his deathbed, King Hattušili I proclaimed that instead of the young Labarna, the previously designated heir, a new candidate – Muršili – would take his place, due to the former’s unkind nature. Labarna had not been the first to oppose Hattušili. His daughter and son had also done that, revolting against their father. The numerous problems related to inheriting the kingship in the early period of Hittite history have also prompted an ongoing discussion about the succession principles in Hittite society. Concerning the literary value, the testament is a masterpiece that incorporates historical exempla, metaphors, similes, direct speech, and rhetorical questions to enforce the king’s arguments and to persuade his audience – the upper echelons of the Hittite society. Despite its name, the testament seems to have more didactical than juridical purposes, as the king offers many instructions to his new heir – to be kind, abstemious, pious and, first and foremost, he orders to heed his wisdom and his will. The ones around the new designee are exhorted to be united and supportive to Muršili. As such, the text can be compared to some other proto-Fürstenspiegels, like “The Teaching for King Merikare” form Egypt’s Middle Kingdom, but it also bears parallels to Gen 49. All in all, the testament is a remarkable insight into Hittite history and society.

388 Familial natural short sleepers have greater resilience than unaffected family members

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A154-A155
Author(s):  
Liza Ashbrook ◽  
Andrew Krystal ◽  
Ying-Hui Fu ◽  
Louis Ptáček
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Distinct Phenotype ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Restorative Sleep ◽  
Bounce Back ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Introduction Resilience, a life-long trait, corresponds to the ability to bounce back from adversity. What factors influence resilience is unclear. Here we describe a cohort of individuals with familial natural short sleep (FNSS). Four genes in five families have been identified that confer this trait, DEC2, NPSR1, GRM1 and ADRB1. Individuals in this cohort share a resilience phenotype alongside this decreased sleep need. Methods Those reporting less than 6.5 hours of sleep when allowed to sleep ad libitum without any complaints regarding overnight sleep or daytime sleepiness were then interviewed to determine FNSS affected status from 2009 to 2020. Data on mood, depression, sleepiness and resilience were collected from participants and family members enrolled in the FNSS study. Results 163 individuals meeting criteria for FNSS were enrolled. Compared to 47 unaffected family members, they had significantly shorter sleep duration as measured by self report and actigraphy, significantly more resilience as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, significantly less sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and significantly fewer symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Conclusion FNSS individuals appear to have a distinct phenotype including shorter sleep duration, greater resilience, less subjective sleepiness, and fewer symptoms of depression. Better understanding the genetics and characteristics of those with familial natural short sleep may provide insight into mechanisms of both restorative sleep and resilience. Support (if any) This work was supported by NIH grants NS099333, NS072360 and NS104782 to L.J.P. and Y-H.F., and by the William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund to L.J.P. and Y.H.F.

scholarly journals On the Development of Jewish Museums and Jewish Ethnography in Ukraine, 1917–1941

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-79
Author(s):  
Marina Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Central Representation ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Insight Into

The article explores the development of the Jewish museums and Ethnographic Studies of Jewish culture in the Soviet Ukraine within the framework of the state ethnic policies and local scholarly and cultural initiatives. After 1917, the state’s gradually increased attention – as ambivalent as it was – to Jewish exhibitions can be seen in a number of projects conceived and in part realized in Kyev.The Mendele Moicher Sforim Museum of Jewish culture, opened in Odessa in 1927, was meant to become the central representation of the Soviet Jewish culture. However, despite the initial support of the Soviet administration,the change of the political situation in the early 1930s jeopardized the existence of the museum collections. Numerous displays of Judaica objects in local museums of Ukrainian towns provide insight into the role of the korenization (“giving roots”, indigenization) campaign and the legacy of the pre-revolutionary national movements. The article investigates the process of the museumization of Jewish culture in the interwar period as a confluence of factors of national identity, social construction, and relations between the center and the periphery.

scholarly journals Insight into Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study between Patients and Family Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Shyamanta Das ◽  
Dipesh Bhagabati ◽  
Uddip Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Insight Into

Joost Halbertsma and the Lexicon Frisicum1

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Anne Dykstra
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Civil State ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Joost Halbertsma’s Lexicon Frisicum, published by his son Tjalling in 1872, was the first dictionary to contain modern Frisian, spoken in the Dutch Province of Friesland. As such, it is considered the basis of modern Frisian lexicography. In his dictionary, Halbertsma focuses much attention on the cultural and linguistic history of the Frisians. At the same time, he was very concerned with the Netherlands as a free civil state, and he used ancient Frisian customs and habits to comment on the national and political situation of his time. Dykstra addresses criticism levelled at Halbertsma’s dictionary, such as that it lacked internal consistency and coherence, tends to digress, and uses Latin as meta-language, making it largely inaccessible to Halberstma’s contemporaries. Even with its shortcomings, Dykstra evaluates the ways in which Halbertsma’s Lexicon Frisicum provides insight into various aspects of nineteenth-century linguistics, lexicography, culture, and cultural nationalism.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on the Terpene Synthase Gene Family Provides New Insight into Its Evolutionary Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2078-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ye Jiang ◽  
Jingjing Jin ◽  
Rajani Sarojam ◽  
Srinivasan Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Family Expansion ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Terpenes are organic compounds and play important roles in plant growth and development as well as in mediating interactions of plants with the environment. Terpene synthases (TPSs) are the key enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes. Although some species were employed for the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family, limited information is available regarding the evolution, expansion, and retention mechanisms occurring in this gene family. We performed a genome-wide identification of the TPS family members in 50 sequenced genomes. Additionally, we also characterized the TPS family from aromatic spearmint and basil plants using RNA-Seq data. No TPSs were identified in algae genomes but the remaining plant species encoded various numbers of the family members ranging from 2 to 79 full-length TPSs. Some species showed lineage-specific expansion of certain subfamilies, which might have contributed toward species or ecotype divergence or environmental adaptation. A large-scale family expansion was observed mainly in dicot and monocot plants, which was accompanied by frequent domain loss. Both tandem and segmental duplication significantly contributed toward family expansion and expression divergence and played important roles in the survival of these expanded genes. Our data provide new insight into the TPS family expansion and evolution and suggest that TPSs might have originated from isoprenyl diphosphate synthase genes.

scholarly journals The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 907-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. Lord ◽  
James Melrose ◽  
Anthony J. Day ◽  
John M. Whitelock
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecules ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate Chain ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Insight Into

Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family members are ancient and unique molecules that have evolved over several hundred million years of vertebrate evolution. IαI is a complex containing the proteoglycan bikunin to which heavy chain proteins are covalently attached to the chondroitin sulfate chain. Besides its matrix protective activity through protease inhibitory action, IαI family members interact with extracellular matrix molecules and most notably hyaluronan, inhibit complement, and provide cell regulatory functions. Recent evidence for the diverse roles of the IαI family in both biology and pathology is reviewed and gives insight into their pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis. In addition, the clinical uses of these molecules are explored, such as in the treatment of inflammatory conditions including sepsis and Kawasaki disease, which has recently been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children:

scholarly journals To Identify the Causes of Stress among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Unit of Ittefaq Hospital Lahore

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Johan ◽  
Hajra Sarwar ◽  
Iram Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

The study is aimed at identifying the causes of stress amongst daily routine of nurses working in the ICU unit of Ittefaq Hospital Lahore. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to gain an insight into factors which may be causing stress to the nurses. The results were analyzed using statistical tools. An overall finding of the study is that all the nurses were suffering from stress however, the reasons of stress are different. Consensus was that three biggest causes of stress are prolonged shifts and extra duties, shortage of staff and excessive workload.The other major causes of stress identified are inappropriate or poor communication between doctors and nurses, lack of support and motivation, unexpected deaths or patients undergoing painful procedures, lack of breaks, lack of cooperation from peers and supervisors/managers. The patients themselves can also be a source of stress for example, problematic patients or their aggressive family members as well as improper work environment also contribute to stress.There is a dire need to develop stress alleviating programs and therapies at the hospitals. Nurses, doctors and managers should be encouraged to participate in such programs towards building stress-free work environment where patients can be served better. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-2: 96-109

Self-stigma, insight, and family burden among Israeli mothers of people with serious mental illness: Ethno-national considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaara Zisman-Ilani ◽  
Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon ◽  
Itamar Levy-Frank ◽  
Rivka Tuval-Mashiach ◽  
David Roe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The current cross-sectional study investigated and compared the associations between insight, self-stigma, and family burden among Jewish and Arab mothers of an adult son or daughter with serious mental illness (SMI) in Israel. A total of 162 Israeli mothers of a person with SMI participated in the study; 95 were Jewish (58.6%), and 67 were Arab (41.4%). Insight, self-stigma, and family burden scales were administered. Jewish mothers reported higher levels of insight into their son’s or daughter’s illness and reported greater family burden compared to Arab mothers. No significant differences in self-stigma scores were found between Jewish and Arab mothers. The pattern of associations between insight, self-stigma, and burden differed between Jewish and Arab mothers. Self-stigma was found to mediate the relationship between insight and burden among Jewish mothers but not among Arab mothers. Ethno-national affiliation should be taken into consideration regarding how family members conceptualize and experience mental illness, as this might affect care.

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