scholarly journals Axio-creative Experience of Education at Preschool Institutions of Russia in the 20s–30s of the 20th Century (the Republic of Tatarstan Example)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ramziya S. Mardashova ◽  
Lilia R. Sadykova ◽  
Firyuza V. Hazratova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
The Republic

Latviešu valodas kā svešvalodas apguve Āzijā

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Inga Laizāne
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
State University ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
The Republic

The Latvian language as a foreign language (LATS) is learned both in Latvia and abroad. It can be done in higher education institutions, as well as in different courses and self-directed learning. Outside Latvia, there are many countries and higher education institutions where it is possible to acquire LATS. In some higher education institutions, the Latvian language has been taught since the beginning of the 20th century. The oldest LATS teaching traditions are in North America, Germany, Sweden, Lithuania and Australia. In some universities, such as Stockholm University, Masaryk University, Saint Petersburg State University, etc., academically strong study programs in Baltic Studies were established. Over time, study programs have been closed for various reasons, at most leaving the Latvian language as an optional course. At some universities, the Latvian language course has been discontinued. Although in some higher education institutions outside Latvia LATS could be acquired starting from the beginning of the 20th century, the most significant interest in the Latvian language was after the restoration of independence of the Republic of Latvia. Then many higher education institutions in Europe established Latvian language and culture study programs. This interest was related to the geopolitical situation. People tried to get to know the post-Soviet countries through the language. When Latvia joined the European Union, interest in the Latvian language decreased in Europe. Nowadays, interest in the Latvian language has increased in Asia, especially in China. In Asia, it is possible to acquire the Latvian language in China and Japan. There are established different Latvian language bachelor programs in universities of China while in Japan the Latvian language is taught for somebody interested in Latvian culture and traditions more than in the Latvian language.

A Review of Chinese Eastern Railway Study in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Weiyun Mа
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article reviews research on Chinese Eastern Railway in China. The research on Chinese Eastern Railway in China began in the early 20th century, has a history of more than 100 years. The existing research results mainly focus on the construction of Chinese Eastern Railway and Tsarist Russia's expansion policy, negotiation between China and Russia (Soviet Union) on the railway issue, the contradictions and struggles of Japan and the United States around the railway problem and so on. These documents cover a wide range of issues which almost involve the political, diplomacy, economy and trade, culture and other fields of international relations in the Far East from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, provide a broad vision for the study of Chinese Eastern Railway. But there are problems in the research. Although there are many works on Chinese Eastern Railway, but most discussions are limited to a certain stage, there are few works on the whole history of Chinese Eastern Railway. Not only should we pay attention to the study of the early 20th century in other words the period of the Qing Empire, moreover, we should strengthen the research in the period of the Republic of China and the new China period, this is of great significance to the study of the whole history of Sino — Soviet relations. In addition due to specific historical conditions, part of the Russian data of Chinese Eastern Railway in China was lost, in addition, there is no detailed and authoritative reference book for Russian archives of Chinese Eastern Railway, this situation makes the cited materials in Chinese works appear too old the materials cited in the book seem too old. The authors thank for proofreading and examining the translation A.I. Kobzev, Ph.D. (Philosophy), professor, director of China Department, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, director of TSC of Humanities and Social Sciences and director of Philosophy Department of MIPT (SRI), director of TSC «Oriental Philosophy» of RSUH, Chief researcher of Russian language, literature and culture research center of Heilongjiang University.

scholarly journals Disposal of Worn Out Fiberglass Recreational Boats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (Special edition 2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Roko Dejhall ◽  
Dunja Legović
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment

Mass production of fiberglass boats begun in the mid-50s of the 20th century. Over decades, a large number of such boats accumulated throughout the world. Since the lifespan of these boats is 30 to 50 years, at the moment many fiberglass boats simply arived to the end of their life and need to be appropriately disposed in a safe and environmentally friendly way. It is expected that the disposal of boats will become a more pronounced problem, in which the basic issue is the relatively high cost. The main problem is the fiberglass laminate which constitutes the major part of the boat. As of today, there are no economically viable methods. Many countries do not have special programs for the disposal of worn out fiberglass boats, which would undoubtedly provide the answers to many questions. The paper gives an overview of the disposal conditions of worn out recreational fiberglass boats over the world as well in the Republic of Croatia.

“Mourning a Loss: Conservative Support for Ngo Dinh Diem”

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-284
Author(s):  
Seth Offenbach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ngo Dinh Diem ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. conservative movement in the mid-20th Century argued that the United States needed to continuously get tougher in the fight against communism worldwide. It remained supportive of U.S. efforts throughout the Vietnam War. However, in the period immediately preceding Americanization of the war in 1965, conservatives were uncertain about the outcome of any fighting in Vietnam. Specifically, they claimed that optimism for the Republic of Vietnam was lost with the assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963. Without Diem, conservatives claimed, the Vietnam War was likely lost before it began. This article discusses how Diem went from a barely talked-about anti-Communist ally prior to his death to becoming posthumously the last great hope for Southeast Asia. Conservatives argued that without Diem, the only way the United States would be able to stop Communist expansion in Indochina would be to engage in a massive aerial bombing campaign and find a regional partner to deploy troops. Had he survived, this might not have been necessary. Learning why and how conservatives supported Diem after his death helps us better understand how conservatives reacted to the Vietnam War once Americanization began in 1965.

Karakalpak Family Ritualism: The Bes Kiyim Custom in the Transformation of Traditional Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Z. I. Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Republic

This study describes the bridal and funerary rite of exchanging clothes (Bes Kiyim – ‘Five Costumes’) in the context of the traditions and innovations in the Karakalpak culture. On the basis of fi eld data collected in 2014–2019 and earlier in places with a continuous or patchy distribution of the Karakalpak population (Chimbaysky, Karauzyaksky, Kegeyliysky, Nukussky, Khodzheyliysky, and the Takhiatashsky districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Republic of Uzbekistan) and of earlier sources, changes in ritualism are analyzed. Bridal rites include exchanges of gifts, such as items of clothing. The comparison of sources shows that the Bes Kiyim rite originated in the mid-20th century in the context of socio-cultural changes. It has remained rather stable up to the present time, being an integral part of Karakalpak bridal ritualism. This indicates its importance in the normative culture of that ethnic group. In one district of Karakalpakstan, the term Bes Kiyim was transferred from the bridal to the funerary rituals. The origin of the rite relates to the transformation of the Iyis custom—the distribution of the deceased person’s clothing among those participating in the ablution of the body. In the late 20th century, specially purchased items of clothing began to be used for that purpose. Apparently, the fi ve items distributed among those participating in the rite symbolize the deceased person’s transition to the ancestors’ world. By the same token, the bride’s fi ve outfi ts allude to her passage to the category of married women and the beginning of her marital life. Therefore, the ritual innovations of the Karakalpaks, caused by socio-cultural and economic changes, mirror the logic and content of traditional family festivals whose complex symbolism relates to status change.

Professor Uluots, the Estonian Government in Exile and the Continuity of the Republic of Estonia in International Law

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-316
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractInternational legal practice in the 20th century is rich in challenging cases of state continuity and extinction. One of those cases is the preservation of the continuity of the Baltic states throughout 51 years of foreign occupation and annexation. After decades of non-recognition of Soviet annexation by leading Western powers, the present-day Baltic republics have not been seen as successor states of the Soviet Union, but as identical with the independent Baltic states of 1918–1940. How could the continuity of the Baltic states be preserved, especially as the Soviet Union had effectively and seemingly “forever”established its control over the Baltic republics? This article focuses on the Estonian situation, laying out the events of 1944 which led to the proclamation of the new constitutional government, and after the country was for the second time occupied by the Soviet army, to the creation of an Estonian government in exile. One of the main questions asked in this article is whether and how the Estonian government in exile contributed to the preservation of the continuity of the Republic of Estonia. Both legal and political aspects played a role in the preservation of the continuity of the Republic of Estonia, and for various reasons, the role of the Estonian government in exile was not exactly that of “the” preserver of state continuity.

scholarly journals Neglect of Cyrillic and its continued survival

Bastina ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Marko Milović
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Latin Letter

Ultimately, this article should not be taken as an appeal against a Latin letter, nor should the author's intention to ban or restrict the use of this letter. The main goal is that the Latin letter in the areas where the Serbian people live cannot be primary, but should be used only as required by the Serbian Constitution, as well as the still applicable Law on the Official Use of Languages and Letters in the Republic of Serbia. Giving up your own letter (Cyrillic) is a sign of the lack of awareness of the need to nurture its own cultural values, preserve national identity and its characteristics. It also points to a lower-value complex and a misconception that moving away from ourselves will bring us closer to others. One should also remember the words of our writer Laze M. Kostić that "with the emergence of Cyrillic, Serbs were culturally created, with its renunciation they would culturally disappear. They would cease to exist as an independent nation, an independent cultural individuality". Neither will the laws of Cyrillic or not sufficiently and desirably, unless we just change our awareness of it. Only in this way can we correct the mistakes of the not-so-distant past (from the second half of the 20th century), and learn the not to give up Cyrillic for any purposes, ideals, possibly future state unions and the aforementioned brotherhood and unity.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL-REGIONAL COMPONENT IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (08) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Nodir Takhirovich Suyarov ◽  
◽  
Elmirza Temirovich Erkaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Regional Component ◽  
The Republic

This article discusses the possibility of national-regional component in art education students, provides a detailed analysis and the use of creative experience in the heritage of their ancestors of educational and educational activities of students, taking into account the features of cultural and historical traditions of the people.

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