scholarly journals Health status risk factors and quality of life in 75–84-year-old individuals assessed for dementia using the short 10/66 dementia diagnostic schedule

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12040
Author(s):  
Gershwin Davis ◽  
Nelleen Baboolal ◽  
Vrijesh Tripathi ◽  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Algorithm ◽  
Climbing Stairs ◽  
Living Accommodation

Background Trinidad is an island that not only has a population at high vascular risk but also one that is in epidemiological transition with high dementia prevalence. The aim of the study was to investigate modifiable risk factors associated with dementia in middle-old (75–84 years) individuals. Methods As part of a large national community survey of dementia prevalence in Trinidad, 811 people aged 75–84 years were evaluated for dementia using the 10/66 short algorithm. Demographic data collected included information on age, gender, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, living accommodation, smoking, alcohol consumption, self-reported medical conditions, impairments and ability to do instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of the 811 participants, nearly 55% were female. The mean age was 78.8 (SD = 2.8) years and dementia was present in 198 (24.4%). Having less than ten years of education, being an agricultural worker, skilled labourer or housewife and having more than four co-morbidities were significantly associated with dementia. The odds ratio for dementia for those having self-reported stroke was 4.93 (95% CI [2.64–9.23]) and for diabetes was 1.76 (95% CI [1.17–2.65]) adjusting for age, age2, gender, ethnicity, religion, education and occupation. Impairment in eyesight, hearing, climbing stairs, and walking were also more common in the group with dementia. Ability to perform IADLs was linked with dementia. Individuals with dementia were more likely to be unable to perform any of the eight IADLs. Those who did not exercise at all (OR 6.95, 95% CI [2.02–23.90]) and those who did low exercise (OR 1.83, 95% CI [1.07–3.13]) compared to those who did moderate to high exercise were also more likely to have dementia. Conclusion In the middle-old population in Trinidad having diabetes and stroke, low IADL score, and no exercise were more common in people with dementia.

scholarly journals Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis using an eight‐plate implant for coronal angular deformity around the knee in children aged less than 10 years: efficacy, complications, occurrence of rebound and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Zhen Dai ◽  
Zhen-Peng Liang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Zhen-Kai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Genu Valgum ◽  
Angular Deformity ◽  
Screw Loosening ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Angular Deformities

Abstract Background Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis (TH) using an eight-Plate implant is one of the most common surgeries used for the correction of coronal angular deformities around the knee in adolescents. However, few studies have focused on children aged less than 10 years treated with TH using an eight-Plate implant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy, correction velocity, and complications of TH with an eight-Plate implant as well as the occurrence of rebound and risk factors in this population. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 135 physes (101 knees) from 66 children (mean age of 4.69 years old, range from 1 to 10 years old) who underwent TH with an eight-Plate implant to correct coronal genu angular deformities in our hospital. Related clinical factors were recorded and analysed by multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results The mean deformity correction period was 13.26 months, and the mean follow-up after eight-Plate removal was 12.71 months. In all, 94.06% (95/101 knees) of the genu angular deformities were completely corrected. Non-idiopathic genu angular deformity was found to be an independent risk factor for deformity correction failure (odds ratio (OR) = 2.47). The femoral correction velocity was significantly higher than the tibial correction velocity (1.28° vs. 0.83° per month, p < 0.001). After adjustment for other factors, younger children had higher correction velocities in the distal femur; however, genu valgum and idiopathic deformities were associated with higher correction velocities in the proximal tibia. In addition, we found three (3/101, 2.97%) knees with genu valgum that experienced rebound after removal of the eight-Plate, while five (5/101, 4.95%) knees with non-idiopathic genu angular deformity experienced screw loosening. No other complications were found, and non-idiopathic deformity was the only risk factor for complications (OR = 3.96). No risk factor was found for rebound in our study. Conclusions TH using an eight-Plate implant is an effective procedure for coronal genu angular deformities with a low incidence of complications and rebound in patients younger than 10 years old. For this population, TH using an eight-Plate should be considered as soon as the deformity stops responding to conservative treatments. The parents of children younger than 10 years of age with non-idiopathic deformities should be informed preoperatively that the deformity may be prone to correction failure or screw loosening after eight-Plate implantation.

scholarly journals Assessing the Quality of Life in Medical Students in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raana Jafarizadeh ◽  
Somayeh Zeynizadeh-Jeddi ◽  
Akbar Pirzadeh ◽  
Mahzad Yousefian ◽  
Firouz Amani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical University

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) is an important index in society that need for evaluation in all age groups people especially in medical university students as a people that their physical and mental health is related with community health. This study aims to investigate the quality of life (QOL) of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that has been conducted on 200 students who selected by random sampling method from Ardabil medical university students. The QOL was measured by WHOQOL-BREF which its validity and Reliability were investigated and approved. This questionnaire include 26 questions in four dimensions (physical, mental, social and environmental health). Collected data we analyzed by statistical test such as t-test for compare the mean of QOL score among demographic data. Results: Of all students, 57% were male and 91.5% were single. Of all students, 56% had desired quality of life. The relationships between QOL and variables such as gender, educational level, marital status and age of students wasn’t significant. The mean difference of four dimension scores among two sexes was statistically significant. The mean of Physical health dimension score was 11.6±2.1, Psychological was 12.3±2.4, Social relationships was 13.1±3.4 and environment was 12.7±3.2. The mean of total score of QOL in all students was 12.4±2.3. Conclusion: Results showed that the QOL of all students were in high level and in four dimension of QOL the female students had significant higher score than male students.

scholarly journals Clinical epidemiological study of uterine prolapse

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Parvathavarthini K. ◽  
Vanusha A.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Awareness Programme

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is one of the common gynaecological problem in India among the parous and aged women. Though the pelvic organ prolapse is not life threatening if left untreated it can lead to many social issues and also it reduces the quality of life of a woman. Thus, this study aims at generating epidemiological data on uterine prolapse in a clinical setting and identifying its risk factors so that appropriate measures can be taken to prevent the same.Methods: It was a descriptive case control study. Using a study proforma the required information was collected from the patients admitted with uterine prolapse (case) and from amongst the patient’s attendees of Gynaecology ward (control). Obtained data were compared and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Uterine prolapse contributes to about 5.9% of the total gynecological patients admitted during the study period. The mean age of presentation with uterine prolapse was 50.1years the mean number of deliveries was higher in case compared to the control with the mean of 4 deliveries. Out of 130 patients, only 13.9% of them had institutional delivery while the others had home delivery.Conclusions: Uterine prolapse is strongly associated with age, parity and place of delivery. As the risk factors for uterine prolapse are easily preventable public health awareness programme must be conducted on its risk factors there by reducing the incidence of prolapse and decreasing the morbidity caused by it.

A comparison of exposure to risk factors for giardiasis in non-travellers, domestic travellers and international travellers in a Canadian community, 2006–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. SWIRSKI ◽  
D. L. PEARL ◽  
A. S. PEREGRINE ◽  
K. PINTAR
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Promotion Campaigns ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study is to determine how demographic and exposure factors related to giardiasis vary between travel and endemic cases. Exposure and demographic data were gathered by public health inspectors from giardiasis cases reported from the Region of Waterloo from 2006 to 2012. Logistic regression models were fit to assess differences in exposure to risk factors for giardiasis between international travel-related cases and Canadian acquired cases while controlling for age and sex. Multinomial regression models were also fit to assess the differences in risk profiles between international and domestic travel-related cases and endemic cases. Travel-related cases (both international and domestic) were more likely to go camping or kayaking, and consume untreated water compared to endemic cases. Domestic travel-related cases were more likely to visit a petting zoo or farm compared to endemic cases, and were more likely to swim in freshwater compared to endemic cases and international travel-related cases. International travellers were more likely to swim in an ocean compared to both domestic travel-related and endemic cases. These findings demonstrate that travel-related and endemic cases have different risk exposure profiles which should be considered for appropriately targeting health promotion campaigns.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with cows' lying time, stall and cows' own cleanliness in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
E. K. Kathambi ◽  
J. A. VanLeeuwen ◽  
G. K. Gitau ◽  
C. Kamunde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

Background and Aim: The welfare of animals kept in livestock production systems has raised concerns around the world. Adult dairy cattle require adequate rest and spend approximately 12 h/day lying down. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the stall factors and management practices affecting cows' lying time, stall cleanliness, and cows' cleanliness (udder and upper leg), in smallholder dairy cows in Meru County of Kenya. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 milking cows from 73 farms were assessed for daily lying time and cleanliness. Data loggers were used to record the lying time of cows for 3 days. Stall, udder, and upper leg cleanliness were assessed using a 5-score system: 1 (very clean) to 5 (very dirty). Management information was acquired using a questionnaire that was administered face-to-face to the farmers in their native Kimeru language. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fit to determine factors associated with cows' lying time and dichotomized stall and cows' own cleanliness, respectively. Results: The mean daily lying time was 10.9±2.2 h, and the mean stall cleanliness score was 2.4±1.0. The mean average cleanliness scores of the udder and upper legs were 1.9±0.7 and 2.5±1.1, respectively. Overall, 35% of the stalls were categorized as dirty (>2.5), whereas 13% and 47% of the cows had udder and leg cleanliness scores >2.5, respectively. From the final multivariable models (p<0.05), daily lying time increased by 1.0 h for cows older than 5.25 years versus younger cows. Conversely, lying time decreased by 1.0 h with stall cleanliness scores >2.5 and by 1.6 h with poorly positioned neck rails. In an interaction term, addition of new bedding at least once a day without removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the daily lying time of the cows by 1.5 h, whereas failure to add new bedding at least once a day but removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the lying time of the cows by 1.2 h. Farm-level risk factors for stall dirtiness (>2.5) included delayed cleaning of the alley (odds ratio [OR]=6.6, p=0.032), lack of bedding (OR=4.9, p=0.008), and standing idle and/or backward in the stall (OR=10.5, p=0.002). Stalls categorized as dirty (OR=2.9, p=0.041) and lack of bedding (OR=2.7, p=0.065) were cow- and farm-level risk factors for dirtiness of the udder (>2.5), respectively, whereas the stall being dirty (OR=2.3, p=0.043) was the only risk factor (cow level) for dirtiness of the upper legs (>2.5). Conclusion: It was recommended that farmers should pay attention to the specific factors identified regarding the stall design (e.g., neck rail position) and bedding/manure management that impact the cleanliness of cows and their lying time.

scholarly journals Quality of life among elderly population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna V. Papathanasiou ◽  
Anna Rammogianni ◽  
Dimitros Papagiannis ◽  
Konstantinos Tsaras ◽  
Foteini Kaberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Quality of Life (QoL) among elderly is an important issue that reflects the status of well-being of this vulnerable population. Aim: This study aims to assess quality of life among elderly population and to examine possible correlations with associated demographic, social and health factors. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted, in which 257 elderlies from Greece were participated. For the data collection the WHOQOL-BREF (30-items Greek version) questionnaire was used as well as a questionnaire with questions about demographic data, social & health factors. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, percentages and standard deviations have been utilized. Inferential statistics such as t-test and pearson r correlation have been used to determined correlations between relevant variables. Level of significance accepted is p < 0.05. Results: From the total 257 elderlies 55.6% (n=143) were women and 44.4% (n=114) were men with a mean age 75.12±8.39. The mean score of overall QoL is 14.14±2.87 and the mean of each factor of WHOQOL-BREF is 13.56±2.79 for physical health, 13.61±2.74 for mental health, 13.72±2.60 for social relationships and 13.70±1.96 for environment. Age, marital status, number of children, level of education, residence area, lifestyle, chronic diseases and serious illnesses are the factors that affects levels of QoL among Greek elderly population Conclusions: Results indicates that levels of QoL between elderly are moderate and many demographic, social and health factors are correlated with QoL status.

scholarly journals Screw Loosening in Posterior Spine Fusion: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Laura Marie-Hardy ◽  
Hugues Pascal-Moussellard ◽  
Anne Barnaba ◽  
Raphael Bonaccorsi ◽  
Caroline Scemama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Posterior Spinal Fusion ◽  
Sagittal Imbalance ◽  
Screw Loosening ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
American Society

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: Screw loosening in spinal fusion is poorly defined. Accordingly, its prevalence rates range from 1% to 60%, and its risk factors remain undefined. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of screw loosening, according to precise definitions, and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records for 166 patients who underwent a posterior spinal fusion in our institution between 2011 and 2016. We recorded demographic data, osteoporosis, pelvic balance, surgery-related information, and postoperative radiographic data at a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used. Significance was defined by P < .05. Results: When loosening was defined by partial pull-out, its prevalence was 9.6% (95% CI 5.6-15); thoracic localization, the use of CrCo (chromium-cobalt) rods, osteoporosis, PI/LL (pelvic incidence/lumbar lordosis) mismatch (preoperative), and frontal imbalance (preoperative) were significant risk factors. When loosening was defined by osteolysis (radiolucent rim) >1 mm around at least 1 screw, its prevalence was 40.4% (95% CI 33-48) and age, scoliosis as indication for fusion, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 2 or 3, the use of CrCo rods, more than 5 levels fused, no circumferential arthrodesis, postoperative bracing, and sacrum or ilium as the inferior level of instrumentation were also significant risk factors. Conclusions: A clear definition of screw loosening seems essential for a useful analysis of the literature. Osteoporosis, sagittal imbalance, and rigid material appear to be risk factors, regardless of the definition.

scholarly journals Chronic Urticaria and Its Impact on the Quality of Life of Nepalese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sushil Paudel ◽  
Niraj Parajuli ◽  
Rabindra Prasad Sharma ◽  
Sudip Dahal ◽  
Sudarshan Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a skin condition characterized by sudden and recurrent episodes of wheals, angioedema, or both and commonly associated with itching for a duration of more than six weeks. The available data indicate that urticaria markedly affects both objective functioning and subjective well-being of patients. A review of patients’ records with chronic urticaria attending Civil Service Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 was done. A detailed demographic data of all patients with chronic urticaria was also retrieved. Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire (DLQI) Nepalese version was used for the assessment of the impact of disease on life quality. Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to compare means, and principle component analysis for factor analysis was used. A total of 149 patients were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 : 1.9. The mean age of the study population was 32.86  ±  12.837 years. The mean DLQI score was 8.30  ±  6.73 with men having a significantly greater score than women ( p < 0.02 ). DLQI scores negatively correlated with age ( p < 0.01 ). There was a high internal consistency among items (Cronbach’s alpha 0.89), and all items had satisfactory correlation with each other as well. Principle component extraction revealed that there were two underlying factors in the DLQI questionnaire on measuring quality of life in chronic urticaria. Males had a greater impairment in quality of life than females due to chronic urticaria. Most severe impairment was seen in symptoms/feelings subdomain. It also revealed that there were two different underlying factors in DLQI questionnaire.

Relationship between caregiver related factors and their proxy report of quality of life of children with cerebral palsy in Kano City, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umaru Muhammad Badaru ◽  
O O Ogwumike ◽  
A Fatai Adeniyi ◽  
A I Naziru
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Proxy Report ◽  
The Mean

Background: Caregivers have intimate knowledge of their children and can provide reliable information on their quality of life (QoL). Objective: This study assessed the factors that could influence caregiver report of QoL of children with Cerebral Palsy.Methods: The cross-sectional survey recruited 30 caregivers and children diagnosed with CP using purposive sampling technique. QoL was assessed with CP-QoL questionnaire, depression with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and functional level with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Socio-demographic data and perceived stress were assessed with a pro-forma. The data were summarised with descriptive statistics and analysed with Spearman Rank Order correlation at alpha level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of caregivers and that of children with CP were 34.40 ± 7.02 years and 7.23 ± 2.08 years respectively. The mean QoL score was 60.06±4.27. The ‘social well-being and acceptance’ (75.07 ± 9.52) and ‘Access to services’ (66.65±7.87) domains have the highest mean scores. Marital status has significant relationship with proxy report of children’s overall QoL (Rho=0.40; P<0.05) and caregiver depression (Rho=-0.414; P<0.05). Conclusion: Children with CP in Kano City have moderate QoL. Proxy report of overall QoL was significantly related to marital status with married caregivers’ more likely to report better QoL. Child’s functional status, caregivers’ age and their level of income have also influenced the proxy report of some QoL domains. Researchers should always endeavor to compare parents’ and children’s reports in order to obtain a more accurate measure of children’s QoL.

Cancer diagnosis and adverse financial events: Evidence from credit reports.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6504-6504
Author(s):  
Veena Shankaran ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Catherine R. Fedorenko ◽  
Hayley Sanchez ◽  
Yuxian Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Data ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Financial Events

6504 Background: Increasing evidence shows that cancer patients (pts) experience financial hardships after diagnosis. Few studies, however, have used objective financial data to estimate the relative risk of adverse financial events (AFEs) in cancer pts versus individuals without cancer. Using a retrospective case-control design, we investigated whether cancer pts are at increased risk of new AFEs, as measured by their credit reports. Methods: Western Washington Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry (cases) and voter registry (controls) records from 2013 to 2018 were linked to quarterly credit records from TransUnion (2012-2020), one of the 3 largest national credit agencies. Controls were age and sex matched to cases and assigned an index date corresponding to the diagnosis (dx) date of the matched case. Individuals with evidence of any AFE in the credit report closest to index/dx date or did not survive to 24 months were excluded. Cases and controls experiencing any of the following AFEs within 24 months were compared, using two-sample z tests: severe (3rd party collections, charge-offs), more severe (tax liens, delinquent mortgage payments), and most severe (foreclosures, repossessions). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between cancer dx and AFE, adjusting for age, sex, dx year, and available credit 6 months before the index/dx date. Results: A total of 332,825 individuals (84,185 cases and 248,640 controls, mean age 66 (SD 13), 52.7% female) were included. The mean available line of credit in the year before index/dx date was $12,303. AFEs were more common in cases versus controls (Table). After adjusting for age, sex, available credit above or below $12,303, and dx year, cancer dx was significantly associated with any AFE (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.7-1.85, p<0.0001), severe AFEs (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.85-2.03, p<0.0001), more severe AFEs (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.36, p<0.0001), and most severe AFEs (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16-1.86, p=0.0016). Age >65 and higher available baseline credit were associated with decreased risk of any and each category of AFE. Conclusions: Within 24 months from dx, significantly higher proportions of cancer pts experienced AFEs relative to controls. Such events on credit reports have serious and long-lasting consequences on financial status. Studies that link clinical and financial data to investigate the impacts of these events on treatment decisions, quality of life, and clinical outcomes are needed.[Table: see text]

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