Health status risk factors and quality of life in 75–84-year-old individuals assessed for dementia using the short 10/66 dementia diagnostic schedule

Background Trinidad is an island that not only has a population at high vascular risk but also one that is in epidemiological transition with high dementia prevalence. The aim of the study was to investigate modifiable risk factors associated with dementia in middle-old (75–84 years) individuals. Methods As part of a large national community survey of dementia prevalence in Trinidad, 811 people aged 75–84 years were evaluated for dementia using the 10/66 short algorithm. Demographic data collected included information on age, gender, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, living accommodation, smoking, alcohol consumption, self-reported medical conditions, impairments and ability to do instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of the 811 participants, nearly 55% were female. The mean age was 78.8 (SD = 2.8) years and dementia was present in 198 (24.4%). Having less than ten years of education, being an agricultural worker, skilled labourer or housewife and having more than four co-morbidities were significantly associated with dementia. The odds ratio for dementia for those having self-reported stroke was 4.93 (95% CI [2.64–9.23]) and for diabetes was 1.76 (95% CI [1.17–2.65]) adjusting for age, age2, gender, ethnicity, religion, education and occupation. Impairment in eyesight, hearing, climbing stairs, and walking were also more common in the group with dementia. Ability to perform IADLs was linked with dementia. Individuals with dementia were more likely to be unable to perform any of the eight IADLs. Those who did not exercise at all (OR 6.95, 95% CI [2.02–23.90]) and those who did low exercise (OR 1.83, 95% CI [1.07–3.13]) compared to those who did moderate to high exercise were also more likely to have dementia. Conclusion In the middle-old population in Trinidad having diabetes and stroke, low IADL score, and no exercise were more common in people with dementia.

TRATAMIENTO EN LA PRENSA DIGITAL DE UN FENÓMENO GEOGRÁFICO: LA TURISTIFICACIÓN

La generalización del turismo barato –lowcost– y el uso masivo de plataformas colaborativas para el alquiler temporal de viviendas han potenciado en los últimos años los impactos que esta actividad económica ya de por sí tenía en ciudades de todo el mundo. Aunque el efecto más estudiado, por lo extendido, es la influencia directa en el precio del alquiler, la literatura especializada relaciona cada vez más aspectos como los conflictos asociados a la convivencia, la gentrificación, la privatización del espacio público o los problemas ambientales con un desarrollo turístico masivo y no planificado. Este artículo hace un análisis del seguimiento y tratamiento que se hace del término “turistificación” en la prensa española en el año 2018, como una aproximación al grado de instalación social del fenómeno. The spreading of low cost tourism and the mass use of collaborative platforms for temporary rental of living accommodation in the last years have increased the social impact of these economic practices in many cities worldwide. Notwithstanding their direct influence on rental prices as the most direct effect and the focus of most research thus far, many studies are increasingly relating this massive and unplanned touristic development to issues such as neighborhood conflicts, gentrification, public space privatizing or environmental problems. The present study tracks the use of the term “turistificación” (touristification) in the Spanish press during 2018, using a Discourse and Genre approach to examineits coverage in four newspapers, in order to ascertain its relative presence and its pervasivenessas a social issue.

Russian Childhoods, 1900–05

This chapter talks about Natalia Ilyinichna Tcherniak's birth to Ilya Evseevich Tcherniak and his wife Polina Osipovna on 5 July 1900 in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. It mentions the house on Mikhailovskaya Ulitsa in 1900 that had been converted from a pair of disused textile-printing workshops and rented out as living accommodation. It also describes the first two years of Natalie's life in Mikhailovskaya where she and her family occupied the first floor. The chapter delves into the documentary evidence of Natalie's birth that proved insubstantial. It points out that the file in the Ivanovo Regional State Archive recording births and deaths at the turn of the century contains no trace of Natalia Ilyinichna Tcherniak.

Experimental Test Procedure of the Spatial Distribution of Environmental Parameters and Products of Combustion in a Residential Area and Adjacent Spaces

This article is dedicated to the issue of efficiency increase of fire detection equipment in living accommodation and adjacent spaces. This research is intended to develop the testing methodology for spatial pattern of combustion products, including toxic gases with asphyxiant and irritant effects, in both height and area of rooms in a standard apartment building, as well as correlation identification between controlled by fire alarm parameters of environment in living rooms and dangerous fire factors.Proposed methodology includes the concentration measurement of the basic gaseous combustion products (asphyxiant and irritant), generated in the process of materials burning in living accommodation. Justification of measurement facilities location in the fire scene and adjacent spaces is provided, considering the most likely position of a person during the evacuation and leisure time. The impact of fire stage on the flow rate of optical radiation diffused by smoke is shown.The findings will enable to develop the testing methodology for fire detectors designed to protect living accommodations and people located in them, formulate the functioning effectiveness criteria (operation algorithms) for detectors, used in living accommodations.

Food and sustainability challenges under climate change

Plants are permanently impacted by their environments, and their abilities to tolerate multiple fluctuating environmental conditions vary as a function of several genetic and natural factors. Over the past decades, scientific innovations and applications of the knowledge derived from biotechnological investigations to agriculture caused a substantial increase of the yields of many crops. However, due to exacerbating effects of climate change and a growing human population, a crisis of malnutrition may arise in the upcoming decades in some places in the world. So, effective, ethical and managerial regulations and fair policies should be set up and applied at the local and global levels so that Earth may fairly provide the food and living accommodation needed by its inhabitants. To save some energy consumption, electric devices (for e.g., smartphones, laptops, street lights, traffic lights, etc.) should be manufactured to work with solar energy, whenever available, particularly in sunny countries where sun is available most of the time. Such characteristic will save energy and make solar energy-based smartphones and laptops less cumbersome in terms of chargers and plugging issues.

The Relation Between Socio-environmental Factors and Intellectual Disability: Unraveling the Knot

Background and aimThe current literature indicates that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) present quantitative and qualitative peculiarities of various socio-environmental factors than the general population. Although the identification of such peculiarities would have very important implications for the development of preventive, rehabilitative and inclusive procedures, valuable data are still lacking. The aim of the present paper was to assess the significance of the relationship between socio-environmental variables in person with ID, with particular reference to individual history and life contexts.MethodsA consecutively recruited sample of 112 participants with ID attending residential or clinic/rehabilitative services across Italy was evaluated by the administration of ISTORIA (Historiographical organized interview for adult intellectual retard), a semi-structured questionnaire designed to investigate clinical and personal history of the person. A considerable percentage of the samples have co-occurent psychiatric disorder. Scores obtained were statistically processed through frequency analysis and calculation of correlation indexes.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between the family, the educational/professional environments, and the inclusion in society. Further associations concerned social relationships within and outside the family, the changes of living accommodation, and the level of environmental stimulation received.ConclusionsBoth findings from previous research and the ones of this work confirm the importance of investigating the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of social skills by persons with ID, through family dynamics and participation in community life, as protective factor against the worsening of disabilities and potentially of psychopathological vulnerability that affects this population.

Seeds of Destruction: Conflagration in the Grain Stores of Dichin

This chapter reviews the preliminary results and methodology used in the archaeobotanical research programme at Dichin, a multi-period late Roman site in Bulgaria. The remarkable state of preservation of in situ deposits, especially from the destruction level dating to the end of the fifth century, provided an ideal opportunity to integrate fully the process of excavation with the recovery and examination of the seed material in order to research, not just the agricultural economy of the site, but also to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the finds and their association within particular buildings (granaries, store-buildings and living accommodation). Archaeological excavations were carried out at Dichin between 1996 and 2001. The excavations targeted defences, gateways, buildings and a road revealed by remote survey. Many of the buildings within the area were used for storing cereals and pulses. In addition, the lack of weed seeds or processing waste indicates that the crops were all at the final stage of processing and were in storage prior to distribution or use.

Incidence and relative risk of dementia in an urban elderly population: findings of a prospective field study

SynopsisTo ascertain the frequency and distribution of new cases of dementing illness in the elderly population of Mannheim (population 308000), a survey sample of community residents of > 65 years of age was re-examined after an interval of 7–8 years, and a sample of elderly persons in long-stay care after 5–6 years. The estimated annual incidence rate for all forms of dementia, after correction for ageing of the samples, was 15·4 per 1000 persons aged > 65, made up of dementia of Alzheimer type (8·9 per 1000), vascular dementia (4·4 per 1000) and other forms (2·1 per 1000). Apart from the expected association with age > 65 years, the most powerful predictors of onset of a dementing illness were residence in long-stay care and the presence of minor cognitive deficits at the initial examination, each of which was associated with a highly significant increase in risk. In addition, a number of socio-demographic characteristics (marital status, occupational history and quality of present living accommodation) was found to be predictive, though analysis of larger samples or pooled research data would be necessary to establish their importance in this respect. The findings suggest that identification of mild cognitive impairment on screening could prove helpful in assessing risk for dementia from two to three years before the condition becomes clinically apparent.

Privacy and Solidarity: Effects of Nursing Home Accommodation on Environmental Perception and Sociability Preferences

This field study of nursing home accommodations examines the influence of type of living accommodation and personal characteristics upon environmental perception and interaction preferences with regard to privacy and sociability. Ward residents view their dwelling as less secure and feel less able to control social encounters occurring therein than do single room residents. In terms of preferences, however, it is the single room residents who express greater desires for isolation and disclosure restriction. These data and the absence of differences in resident satisfaction, are consistent with an adaptation model of privacy-sociability preference.