scholarly journals An overview on the interplay between nutraceuticals and gut microbiota

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Catinean ◽  
Maria Adriana Neag ◽  
Dana Maria Muntean ◽  
Ioana Corina Bocsan ◽  
Anca Dana Buzoianu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

BackgroundNowadays, growing attention was being given to the alternative ways to prevent or treat diseases. Nutraceuticals are used increasingly for this purpose. Many of these are being used as alternative therapy. Classic therapy with synthetic drugs, although very effective, has many side effects. The term “nutraceuticals” refers to the link between the nutritional and pharmaceutical domains. Also, lately, many studies have been done to investigate the role of microbiota in maintaining health. There is the hypothesis that some of the health benefits of nutraceuticals are due to their ability to change the microbiota. The aim of this review was to emphasize the link between the most commonly used nutraceuticals, the microbiota and the health benefits.MethodsWe selected the articles in PubMed, published up to July 2017, that provided information about most used nutraceuticals, microbiota and health benefits. In this review, we incorporate evidence from various types of studies, including observational,in vitroandin vivo, clinical studies or animal experiments.ResultsThe results demonstrate that many nutraceuticals change the composition of microbiota and can interfere with health status of the patients.DiscussionThere is evidence which sustains the importance of nutraceuticals in people’s health through microbiota but further studies are needed to complete the assessment of nutraceuticals in health benefit as a consequence of microbiota’s changing.

scholarly journals Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson Daba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Global Marketplace

Abstract. Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. 2020. Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 70-77. As a traditional medicine, Cordyceps has long been used in Asian nations for maintaining vivacity and boosting immunity. Numerous publications on various bioactivities of Cordyceps have been investigated in both in-vitro as well as in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the role of Cordyceps is still arguable whether it acts as food supplement for health benefits or a real healing drug that can be prescribed in medicine. The Cordyceps industry has developed greatly and offers thousands of products, commonly available in a global marketplace. In this review, focus will be on introducing the ecology of Cordyceps and their classification. Moreover, elucidation of the richness of extracts originated from this mushroom in nutritional components was presented, with description of the chemical compounds of Cordyceps and its well-known compounds such as cordycepin, and cordycepic acid. Furthermore, highlights on natural growth and artificial cultivation of famous Cordyceps species were presented. The health benefits and reported bioactivities of Cordyceps species as promising antimicrobial, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, organ protective agent, and enhancer for organ function were presented.

scholarly journals The Role of Propolis in Pulp Pain by Inhibiting Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ira Widjiastuti ◽  
Widya Saraswati ◽  
Annisa Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Cox 2

Background: Inflammation of the pulp can lead to elicit pain. Pain in inflammation is induced by the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) which induces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) resulting in pain. Pain in the pulp can be relieved by eugenol. In its application, eugenol is toxic to pulp fibroblasts. Due to the side effect, it is worth considering other biocompatible materials with minimal side effects, such as propolis. Flavonoids and phenolic acids that contained in propolis can inhibit COX-2. Therefore, an analysis outlined in the literature review is needed to examine the results of research related to the role of propolis as pulp pain relief by inhibiting COX-2 expression. Purpose: To analyze the role of propolis in pulp pain by inhibiting COX-2 expression. Reviews: Propolis extract that extracted by ethanol, water, and hydroalcohol has pain relief properties in the pulp by inhibiting COX-2 by directly binding to the COX-2 receptors and by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines which are COX-2 inducers, proven through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies in various target cell organs. Conclusion: Propolis extract has high prospect as inflammatory pain inhibitor in the pulp by inhibit COX-2 expression.

scholarly journals Curcumin: Phytochemical Therapy in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range

In modern world, hyperlipidemia is the most common disorder mainly caused by lifestyle habits and the major cause of cardiovascular, coronary and atherosclerotic changes. Such disorder is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. A wide range of drugs are available for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, class of antihyperlipidemic drugs, but such drug-therapies are carried out with presence of various side effects. In the last decades, different in vitro and in vivo research have been conducted to confirm the therapeutic effects of various phytochemical agents that overcome the side effects caused by synthetic drugs. According to Ayurvedic recommendations and experimental studies, numerous phytochemical agents have been reported to possess different antihyperlipidemic properties. One of the most studied phytochemical agent - curcumin, herbal polyphenol and active ingredient which can be extracted from the powder rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiinflammatory and anticancer property. Recent studies also suggests curcumin as potential lipid lowering candidate in treatment of hyperlipidemia. The aim of this review is to present and discuss phytochemistry, molecular mechanism of hypolipidemic activity of curcumin, demonstrating its importance as potential therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals LINC00467 Promotes Tumor Progression via Regulation of the NF-kb Signal Axis in Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Xiao ◽  
Lian Gong ◽  
Mengqing Xiao ◽  
Dong He ◽  
Liang Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Patient Prognosis

PurposeLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that LINC00467 was significantly highly expressed in bladder cancer through bioinformatic analysis. The present study aimed to explore the role of LINC00467 in bladder cancer and its possible underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsThe expression of LINC00467 was obtained from GEO (GSE31189), the TCGA database, and qRT-PCR. The role of LINC00467 in bladder cancer was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RIP, RNA pulldown, and CO-IP were used to demonstrate the potential mechanism by which LINC00467 regulates the progression of bladder cancer.ResultsThrough the analysis of GEO (GSE133624) and the TCGA database, it was found that LINC00467 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and that the expression of LINC00467 was significantly negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Cell and animal experiments suggest that LINC00467 promotes the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. On the one hand, LINC00467 can directly bind to NF-kb-p65 mRNA to stabilize its expression. On the other hand, LINC00467 can directly bind to NF-kb-p65 to promote its translocation into the nucleus to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, which promotes the progression of bladder cancer.ConclusionsLINC00467 is highly expressed in bladder cancer and can promote the progression of bladder cancer by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting LINC00467 is very likely to provide a new strategy for the treatment of bladder cancer and for improving patient prognosis.

scholarly journals The Two Faces of Ascorbate: Prooxidant Activity and Radio-Sensitisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Georgia Carson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Therapy Option ◽  
The Brain

<p>Although not recommended by mainstream oncologists, intravenous injections of pharmacological ascorbate are currently an alternative therapy option for cancer patients. Research has not yet determined whether high-dose ascorbate interacts favourably with radiation therapy to increase DNA damage, and therefore cell death in cancer. Some studies suggest that ascorbate can act as a prooxidant and increase the cytotoxic effect of irradiation in vitro. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain astrocytoma that is highly therapy resistant, so patients would be advantaged if ascorbate radiosensitised their cancer.  In this investigation, flow cytometry and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet tail assay) were used to measure three indicators of DNA damage in GBM cells in response to ascorbate and irradiation, and were contrasted with immunofluorescence-revealed DNA damage from an intracranial mouse model of GBM.   The pro-oxidant, radiosensitisation role of ascorbate was confirmed, as measured by H2AX, 8OHdG, and DSBs in vitro. With all three of these markers of DNA damage, combinations of irradiation and ascorbate had increased damage compared with individual treatments. However preliminary in vivo evidence indicates that increased DNA damage did not occur in an animal model of GBM, and in fact ascorbate may protect from DNA damage in an in vivo context.  These findings complement previous results from our lab, and serve to fill in gaps in knowledge specifically around the DNA damaging effects of ascorbate. The unique nature of the brain environment, as enclosed by the blood brain barrier, prevents translation of data from other non-brain cancer studies, as such, this investigation also contributes to the exploration of a much needed avenue of research. Considering the context of ascorbate treatment as a potentially harmful currently used adjuvant, it is imperative to confirm or disprove its efficacy in a clinically relevant environment.</p>

scholarly journals Advances in Research on the Protective Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Islet β Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Hongli Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Insulinoma Cells

The dysfunction and decreased number of islet β cells are central to the main pathogenesis of diabetes. Improving islet β cell function and increasing the number of β cells are effective approaches to treat diabetes and constitute the main direction of diabetes drug development. The role of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes began to be recognized. In recent years, Chinese medicine monomers have been found to increase insulin synthesis and secretion, reduce β cell-apoptosis, and protect the function of β cells. The results of in vivo animal experiments and in vitro studies on insulinoma cells also suggested TCMs could promote the proliferation of pancreatic islet β cells and induce other cells differentiation or transdifferentiation to islet β cells. Thereby, they may play a role in the treatment of diabetes. In this paper, we will review islet β cell protection with TCMs and the related mechanisms found in recent studies. An in-depth explanation of the role of TCM in islet β cell protection can provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the development of TCM-based diabetes treatment drugs.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of Pomegranate for Cough Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2227-2233
Author(s):  
Mr. Chate Mahesh Madhukar
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Abstract: Pomegranates fruits have innumerable health benefits and its implication in diseases cure have been widely recognized since ancient time. Moreover, pomegranate fruits, seeds and peels are intensively used in traditional medicine as a natural therapy. It contains numerous valuable ingredients such as flavonoids, ellagitannin, punicalagin, ellagic acid, vitamins and minerals. The principal constituents including punicalagins and ellagitannin are responsible for immeasurable health benefits due to its strong antioxidant activity. Additionally, constituents of pomegranate show health promoting effect through the modulation of physiological and biochemical pathways. Recent evidences suggested that pomegranates fruits, peels and seeds illustrate therapeutics implications in health management via inhibition of free radical effect and modulation of enzymes activity linked with diseases development and progression. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic role of pomegranate fruits, seeds and peels in the health managements based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Keywords: Pomegranates, Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory effect, Heptoprotective effect, Neuroprotective effect and antimicrobial effects.

Radiation Induced Gastrointestinal Damage and Protection: Nigella Sativa Seed Extract and Thymoquinone

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Priya Shri ◽  
Harsh Pandey ◽  
Yamini B. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Dividing Cells

<p>Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment for different types of cancers. The side effects associated with radiation includes destruction of normal cells, especially the dividing cells. The cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bone marrow are the primary targets. The GI damage is reflected by early histological changes, functional alterations and symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. This has been designated as the radiation syndrome. Many synthetic drugs have been used to treat GI disorders but a definite cure has not been discovered so far and these available medications also cause several side effects. The herbal extracts are being tested for long time as preventive food supplement/drug in this disease. The radio protective effects of Nigella sativa (black cumin, (Ranunculacea) is already reported but its mechanism of action is not well established. Here in this review this aspect has been explored with special reference to various in vitro and in vivo models.</p>

scholarly journals The Two Faces of Ascorbate: Prooxidant Activity and Radio-Sensitisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Georgia Carson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Therapy Option ◽  
The Brain

<p>Although not recommended by mainstream oncologists, intravenous injections of pharmacological ascorbate are currently an alternative therapy option for cancer patients. Research has not yet determined whether high-dose ascorbate interacts favourably with radiation therapy to increase DNA damage, and therefore cell death in cancer. Some studies suggest that ascorbate can act as a prooxidant and increase the cytotoxic effect of irradiation in vitro. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain astrocytoma that is highly therapy resistant, so patients would be advantaged if ascorbate radiosensitised their cancer.  In this investigation, flow cytometry and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet tail assay) were used to measure three indicators of DNA damage in GBM cells in response to ascorbate and irradiation, and were contrasted with immunofluorescence-revealed DNA damage from an intracranial mouse model of GBM.   The pro-oxidant, radiosensitisation role of ascorbate was confirmed, as measured by H2AX, 8OHdG, and DSBs in vitro. With all three of these markers of DNA damage, combinations of irradiation and ascorbate had increased damage compared with individual treatments. However preliminary in vivo evidence indicates that increased DNA damage did not occur in an animal model of GBM, and in fact ascorbate may protect from DNA damage in an in vivo context.  These findings complement previous results from our lab, and serve to fill in gaps in knowledge specifically around the DNA damaging effects of ascorbate. The unique nature of the brain environment, as enclosed by the blood brain barrier, prevents translation of data from other non-brain cancer studies, as such, this investigation also contributes to the exploration of a much needed avenue of research. Considering the context of ascorbate treatment as a potentially harmful currently used adjuvant, it is imperative to confirm or disprove its efficacy in a clinically relevant environment.</p>

scholarly journals Hybrid drug combination: A new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes- A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2008-2017
Author(s):  
Shraddha Sharma ◽  
Vengal Rao P ◽  
Seema Mehdi ◽  
Manjula S N ◽  
Aalap Das
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia arising from deregulation in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The current synthetic drugs have dose-dependent side effects which confined their uses. The phytochemicals are the natural compounds that have better therapeutic efficacy and interacts synergistically with oral hypoglycemic drugs. The addition of phytochemicals with OHDs may reduce the dose of synthetic drugs as well as their side effects and toxicity. A detailed outline about such combinations like Ferulic acid & THZ/Metformin, Ellagic acid & Pioglitazone (THZ), Chlorogenic acid & THZ/Metformin, Caffeic acid & THZ/Metformin, eugenol acid & THZ/Metformin, cinnamic acid & THZ/Metformin, p- coumaric acid & THZ/Metformin, Arecoline &Vanillic acid with the THZ/ Metformin have been illustrated. This review has also discussed the synergy and mechanism of phytochemical with the OHDs to combat hyperglycemia and other risk associated with it. A comprehensive review was conducted to pile up the information about polyphenols & synthetic drug combinations used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which has been carried out in-vitro or in-vivo and may contribute to identifying novel strategies in the treatment of T2D condition. This review shows the importance of the responsible bioactive agents present in medicinal plants in the drive to demonstrate their antidiabetic effects.

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