scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Force Deflection Property of Nickel-Titanium Wires of Four Manufacturers using Five Point Bending Test: An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgy John ◽  
Vaishali Vadgaonkar ◽  
Parag Gangurde
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Niti Wires

Introduction: Over the last century, material science has made rapid progress. In orthodontics, not only the materials improved, but also the philosophies have changed. Orthodontic wires, which generate biomechanical forces through brackets for tooth movement, are central to the practice of this profession. Aim: To measure the force deflection properties of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) wires of four manufacturers, used during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 480 NiTi wires from four different manufacturers [American Orthodontics (AO), 3M-Unitek (3M), Rabbit Force Orthodontics (RO) and Modern Orthodontics (MO)], of various cross-sections was obtained. Samples of each wire were obtained by cutting the straightest distal portion of an arch wire, thus an approximate length of 5.5 cms was recovered. These wires were subjected to a five point bending test. Five lower anterior stainless steel brackets of tooth number 31, 32, 41, 42 (MBT 0.022” Libral traders Centrino brackets) were fixed with the face of the bracket facing upwards on the acrylic block. Each NiTi wire was placed in the slots of orthodontic brackets and secured with stainless steel ligature wires. These wires were subjected to artificial saliva (Wet Mouth) for 30 days at 37°C. This temperature was regulated by using an incubator. The main assessment criterion was the force deflection property of the wire material. Force deflection was measured using a graph paper where initially the wire was placed and plotted on the graph paper. After the deflection of the wire, it was again placed on the same graph paper such that wire ends coincided and the force deflection at the highest point was measured in millimetres using a digital Vernier Caliper (Mitutoyu). The Design of Experiments (DOE) model was used for analysis and a three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with wire shape as covariate was used for analysing the variability. Results: A 0.014” NiTi wire showed more mean deflection when compared to 0.016” NiTi wire. When a comparison between 0.016”×0.022” and 0.017”×0.025” NiTi wires was done, mean deflection was almost the same. When round and rectangular wires were compared it showed more mean deflection in round wires. When AO was compared with other three manufacturers. A significant difference (p-value <0.0001) was seen in the mean deflection values of MO and RO. When 3M was compared with the other three manufacturers a significant difference (p-value <0.0001) was seen in the mean deflection values of MO and RO. Three-way ANOVA test with wire shape as co-variate showed a significant amount of difference (p<0.0001) for AO, 3M wires with their counterparts. Conclusion: Round NiTi wires showed more force deflection as compared to rectangular NiTi wires. AO and 3M wires were superior as compared to RO and MO wires. Superelastic wires showed more deflection as compared to conventional and heat- activated NiTi. This can be attributed to the property of the wire. Stiffer the wire, less deflection was seen. Cost of the wire also played a role. Cheaper wires were not able to match the quality and standards of their counterparts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Apical Sealing Ability of Resin and Silicon Based Sealers by Dye Extraction Method: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Saifuddin Unwala ◽  
Vanitha Umesh Shenoy ◽  
Sumanthini V Margasahayam ◽  
Shouvik S Mandal
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dye Extraction

Introduction: Thorough, chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal is required to completely eliminate microorganisms from the dentinal tubules. Faulty obturation in the apical area is the pathway from which bacteria and their toxins pass on to the periapical area and this leakage can be studied by sealability studies. Aim: To evaluate the apical sealing ability of three sealers i.e., AH Plus, Roekoseal and Adseal using passive dye penetration test and a dye extraction test with Methylene blue dye to evaluate the apical leakage. Materials and Methods: The present study was an experimental in-vitro study, carried out at MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India over a period of 10 months (from August 2013 to May 2014). Eighty freshly extracted human permanent maxillary central incisor teeth were obtained. The crowns of the teeth were sectioned at/below cemento-enamel junction and divided into five groups: Groups I, II and III were obturated with gutta-percha and three different sealers, and groups IV and V were the two control groups. Passive dye penetration test was performed to evaluate penetration of the dye by means of capillarity followed by dye extraction test. At the end of dye extraction procedure, the supernatant solution obtained was analysed using an Ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Significance was set at 5%. Statistical analysis was performed by using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20 (Armonk, New York, United States). The normality of data in each group was tested using Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean absorbance values of the five groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Further to compare the level of absorbance of dye among various groups, Tukey’s post-hoc test was applied. Results: The mean values of dye absorbance of all groups were as follows, AH Plus (0.02638), Roekoseal (0.06713), Adseal (0.03575), positive control group (1.36250) and negative control group (0.01894). One-way ANOVA showed p<0.001, thus indicating there was a significant difference between the dye absorbance values of all the groups. Tukey’s post-hoc test showed statistically significant difference in dye absorbance of the experimental groups when compared to positive control group. There was no significant difference in dye absorbance when experimental groups were compared to each other. When AH Plus was compared with Roekoseal, the p-value was 0.568 and 0.997 with Adseal whereas when Roekoseal was compared with Adseal the p-value was 0.778. Conclusion: The mean dye absorbance value of AH Plus was found to be least and that of Roekoseal was highest in the experimental groups. AH Plus gave the best results, as least dye was extracted from this group, indicating least dye penetration and minimum microleakage followed by Adseal and Roekoseal.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Different Periodontal Splint Materials: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4197
Author(s):  
Shahabe Saquib ◽  
AlQarni Abdullah ◽  
Das Gotam ◽  
Naqash Talib ◽  
Sibghatullah Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Splinting of the mobile teeth is a critical part of periodontal management to improve the prognosis and longevity of stable results of periodontally compromised teeth with increased mobility. Different types of splints are used in the dental field based on their mechanical and physical properties.The objective of the current in vitro study was to evaluate the flexure strength and flexural modulus of different types of splinting materials, such as: composite block, ligature wire, Ribbond®, InFibra®, and F-splint-Aid® bonded utilizing Flowable composites resin material. Seventy-five bar specimens were prepared with the dimensions of 25 × 4 × 2 mm, utilizing split metallic mold. Specimens were divided equally (n = 15) into five groups (one control group, four test groups). Different layers of splinting material were placed in between the layers of composite before curing. All the specimens were subjected to a three-point bending test by using a universal testing machine to calculate the flexural strength and flexural modulus. The entire data was subjected to statistical tests to evaluate the significance. Specimens from composite block groups showed the least mean value for flexural strength (89.15 ± 9.70 MPa) and flexural modulus (4.310 ± 0.912 GPa). Whereas, the highest mean value for flexural strength (168.04 ± 45.95 MPa) and flexural modulus (5.861 ± 0.501 GPa) were recorded by Ribbond® specimens. Inter group comparison of flexural strength showed statistically significant differences (P-value < 0.05), whereas comparison of flexural modulus showed non-significant difference among the groups (P-value > 0.05). Within the limitation of the present study, it was concluded that the Ribbond® exhibits maximum flexural strength and flexural modulus, whereas the composite blocks recorded the least values. Still, the decision making depends on the clinical scenario and the unique characteristic of each splint material.

Effect of Different Intermediary Bases on Microleakage of a Restorative Material in Class II Box Cavities of Primary Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faika Y. Abdelmegid ◽  
Fouad S. Salama ◽  
Waleed M. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Saud K. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Sultan O. Baghazal
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. Methods Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. Results There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.

scholarly journals Influence of Orthodontic Anchor Screw Anchorage Method on the Stability of Artificial Bone: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seen-Young Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Yu ◽  
Hyoung-Sik Kim ◽  
Jun-Seok Lee ◽  
Chan-Mi Yeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Automatic Device ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Torque Values

This study aims to compare the torque values for various lengths of the titanium-based orthodontic anchor screw (OAS), different anchorage methods and varying artificial bone densities after predrilling. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters on bone stability are evaluated. A total of 144 OASs were prepared with a diameter of 1.6 mm and heights of 6, 8 and 10 mm. Artificial bones were selected according to their density, corresponding to Grades 50, 40 and 30. Torque values for the automatic device and manual anchorage methods exhibited a statistically significant difference for the same-sized OAS, according to the bone density of the artificial bones (p < 0.05). However, when insertion torque was at the maximum rotations, there was no significant difference in the torque values for the Grade 30 artificial bone (p > 0.05). When the torque values of both anchorage methods were statistically compared with the mean difference for each group, the results of the manual anchorage method were significantly higher than those of the automatic device anchorage method (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in the bone stability resulting from different OAS anchorage methods and artificial bone lengths. These findings suggest that the automatic anchorage method should be used when fixing the OAS.

scholarly journals The Effect of Glaze Coating on Wear Resistance of Some Acrylic Denture Teeth: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Samaneh Abbasi ◽  
Soodabe Ebrahimi ◽  
Arash Shisheian ◽  
Maryam Farhadian
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Denture Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Acrylic resin teeth wear resistance has an important role in the denture longevity. This study aimed to clarify the effect of glaze coating on wear resistance of three types of artificial acrylic teeth. Methods: In this in vitro study, the wear resistance rate of three of acrylic denture teeth (GENIUS, STON and CLASSIC) was compared with Ivoclar teeth (n=25/group). The wear resistance was measured by estimating the weight loss in pre and post removing glaze coating, following 5000 cycles in the chewing simulator device. Data analysis was made using paired t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean amount of wear of GENIUS, CLASSIC, STON and IVOCLAR teeth in the first stage (P <0.061), but this difference was significant (P <0.001) in the second stage. The result of Tukey post hoc test showed that wear rates of GENIUS were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.001). Comparison between the mean wear rates of each dental group at the first and second stages showed a significant difference between average teeth wear resistance of CLASSIC, STON and IVOCLAR in the first and second stages (P <0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the teeth wear resistance of STON and CLASSIC were similar to IVOCLAR. Also, after removing the glaze coating, the teeth wear resistance decreased in all groups but was not statistically significant for group GENIUS.

Comparison of Three Topical Fluorides Using Computer Imaging

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal Khattak ◽  
John Patrick Conry ◽  
Ching-Chang Ko
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Topical Fluorides

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the short and long-term effectiveness of fluoride varnish and compare it with the two most commonly used topical fluorides, i.e., fluoride gel and foam.A second purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of these preparations on primary and permanent teeth. Enamel slabs with a thickness of 500 microns were obtained from caries free primary molars and premolars. They were divided into four groups: control, foam (F), gel (G) and varnish (V). Fluorides were applied to the enamel slabs according to the manufacturer's instructions and were placed in a 5.1 pH acidic gel for one week. The amount of demineralization from the enamel was measured by calculating the amount of light reflected from these surfaces. This was done by using a Charged Couple Device attached to a high resolution microscope with image processing software, Optima 5.22. The enamel slabs were placed in a freshly prepared acidic gel for a second week without application of fluorides. This was done to mimic a situation where fluoride is eventually brushed away from teeth. Reflective images were recorded under the previously described conditions. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to compare the treatments. The results showed no statistically significant difference (with Bonferroni correction) in the effectiveness of different fluoride preparations over the short-term (Week I comparison; p-values: F vs. G 0.079, F vs.V 0.030, G vs.V 0.44). However, the long-term protection provided by fluoride varnish was far more than fluoride gel and foam (Week II comparison; p-values: F vs. G 9X10-5 , F vs.V 7X10-8, G vs.V 1X10-4). Fluorides were equally effective for both primary and permanent enamels (p-value 0.24). The results of this study suggest that fluoride varnish is beneficial for use with white spot lesions, newly erupted permanent teeth and early decalcification in primary dentition.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Static Frictional Resistance Using Various Methods of Ligation at Different Time Intervals: An In Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanpreet Singh Natt ◽  
Amandeep Kaur Sekhon ◽  
Sudhir Munjal ◽  
Rohit Duggal ◽  
Anup Holla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Periods

Aim. To compare and evaluate the static frictional resistance offered by the four different types of ligation methods in both dry and wet conditions and at different durations when immersed in artificial saliva.Material and Methods. Alastik Easy to Tie modules, Super Slick Mini Stix elastomeric modules, Power “O” modules, and 0.009″Stainless Steel ligatures were used to compare the static friction using maxillary canine and premolar Preadjusted Edgewise brackets with 0.022″× 0.028″slot and 0.019″× 0.025″stainless steel wires.Results. The mean frictional resistance for Alastik modules was the lowest and that of Stainless Steel ligatures was found to be highest among the four groups compared and the difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.005). The mean static frictional resistance in all groups under dry conditions was lower than that under wet conditions. No statistical significant differences were found when the groups were compared at different time periods of immersion in artificial saliva.Conclusion. This study concludes that the Alastik modules showed the lowest mean static frictional forces compared to any other ligation method, though no significant difference was found for different time periods of immersion in the artificial saliva.

scholarly journals An In-vitro Study to Determine the Sealing Ability of Biodentine when used as a Class II Restorative Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deebah Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
P Value ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Microleakage is a major setback to restorative dentistry. Leakage at the tooth/restoration interface may lead to numerous problems like postoperative sensitivity, recurrent caries, marginal sealing and later total failure of restoration. Aim: To determine the sealing ability (microleakage) of a new hydraulic calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) as a base material and a bulk filling material. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted with ten freshly extracted maxillary molars from March 2019 to June 2019. Standardised Class II cavities were prepared on mesial and distal proximal surfaces. The twenty prepared samples were randomly divided into two groups (n=10)- G1 (BiodentineTM group) and G2 (BiodentineTM + Tetric N-Ceram group). The samples were subjected to thermocycling, followed by 1% methylene blue dye immersion. They were subsequently sectioned both buccolingually and mesiodistally in order to separate to proximal restorations (mesial and distal) and appreciate the amount of dye penetration at tooth/restoration interface respectively. Microleakage was evaluated by observing the samples under a stereomicroscope (30x). The data obtained was analysed using one-way ANOVA test and compared using Post-hoc test. p-value <0.05 to be considered significant. Results: Biodentine showed no significant difference between the sealing ability as a bulk filling and a base material. Group G2 (0.35) indicated comparatively less microleakage as compared to Group G1 (0.6) but the difference in microleakages in both groups was insignificant (p-value 0.083467). Conclusion: BiodentineTM exhibits microleakage when used as a bulk filling material and as a dentin substitute in Class II cavities since there is no significant difference in both the groups.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sealing Efficiency of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine used in Perforation Repair in Acidic and Neutral Environments- An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güney Mustafa Yüzer ◽  
Sadullah Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Materials Used

Introduction: Furcation perforation is one of the complications that occur during endodontic treatment due to anatomical differences or iatrogenic causes. Repairing the perforation with a biocompatible material eliminates the connection with the gingival sulcus and positively affects the prognosis. The sealing ability of the repair materials is very important and is affected by the conditions of the environment in which they are applied. Aim: To compare the sealing efficiency of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) materials used in the repair of furcation perforations in acidic and neutral environments. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was carried out in the Department of Endodontics at Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry, Diyarbakır, Türkiye and Dicle University Science and Technology Application and Research Center from 10th June 2020 to 22nd July 2020. A total of 96 mandibular molars were used in the study. The specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=48). When the perforations were repaired with MTA and Biodentine materials, each group was divided into four subgroups (n=12). These subgroups were kept in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and Acetic Acid (AA) solutions for different periods of time from 4 or 34 days, and all groups were immersed in methylene blue solution. The dye penetration level of the divided sections was examined under a stereomicroscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Microleakage data of all groups were statistically analysed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Shapiro Wilk’s and Mann-Whitney U Test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05, it was stated that there was a significant difference when p-value <0.05. Results: The short-term (4 days) microleakage level of biodentine material in the AA environment was significantly lower than that of MTA material (p-value=0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between the materials in terms of long-term (34 days) microleakage levels in the AA environment (p-value >0.05). The long-term microleakage level in PBS environment of biodentine material was significantly lower than that of the AA environment (p-value=0.008). Conclusion: Lower microleakage levels were observed in the neutral environment than the acid environment with both MTA and biodentine during both holding periods.

scholarly journals IN VITRO STUDY ON MARGINAL MICROLEAKAGE OF FOUR TEMPORARY CEMENTS IN PROVISIONAL CROWNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi Nag ◽  
Dr. Jagjeet Singh ◽  
Dr. Abhilasha Masih Gottlieb ◽  
Dr. Ponnanna A. A. ◽  
Dr. Nikhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Luting Cement ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Prolonged retention of provisional restoration is depends upon the long term affinity between restoration and teeth structures which depend upon the use of good mechanical characteristics, low solubility, and superior adhesion  quality of luting cement which also resist bacterial and molecular penetration. Hence, assessment of marginal leakage of provisional restorative materials sealed with provisional cements using the standardized procedures is essential. Aim: This study aimed at in vitro study of microleakage of 4 provisional cements, a cavity base compound and a zinc-phosphate luting cement in provisional acrylic resin crowns fixed on extracted human teeth. Material & Methods:  The teeth with acrylic restorations were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6 specimens each. Each group received different types of temporary cement. Acrylic resin crowns were made and fitted on intact human premolars with the 4 cements. All restorations were applied in a standardized manner. Specimen were submerged in a 2% methylene blue solution, then sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for the detection of marginal microleakage. Obtained data were subjected to ANNOVA and Chi –square test to know statistical significant difference between different groups.  P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results and observation: Mean frequency of microleakage was statistically significant among all the groups under study with Pvalue<0.017. Conclusion: Among all the temporary cement, Zinc-phosphate cements has the best property with reduced microleakage. Even it is used as cavity base but can be used as good temporary cement as far as microleakage is concerned. Key words, Microleakage, provisional cement, restorations, crowns, in vitro

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