scholarly journals Reliability of Thrombocytopenia in Sepsis as a Predicting Tool for ICU Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Shridharani ◽  
Labani Ghosh ◽  
Jyoti Mannari
Keyword(s):  
Sofa Score ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
New Onset

Introduction: There are many easy reproducible scores used in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to predict mortality. But these need to be reassessed on a regular basis. There are many variables used to calculate these scores. But there can be some loss of data as the scores are repeated 24-48 hours apart and have many parameters which may make the process less user friendly. Aim: To study the predictive value of new onset thrombocytopenia as an effective tool in predicting mortality in septic patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 200 patients with thrombocytopenia at admission or at any time during ICU hospitalisation between 1st February 2015 to 1st November 2016 were selected; patients hospitalised for less than 24 hours were excluded. Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count lower than 150,000/mm3, and recovery is defined as returning to levels above 150,000/mm3 after showing thrombocytopenia. Admission prognosis variables Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score and platelet counts during the hospitalisation and outcomes were assessed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Out of 200 patients included, overall incidence of thrombocytopenia was 29.83%. The mean age was 49 (SD 18.24) years and mean duration of stay was 8.85 (SD 6.58) days. Maximum patients belonged to the age group of 18-30 years and 51-60 years. Total 89 (44.5%) of the 200 had sepsis and out of them 24 patients died, therefore, mortality rate among those in sepsis with thrombocytopenia was 27%. Mean SOFA score and APACHE II scores were 6.32 (SD 3.44) and 14 (SD 7.89), respectively. In the patients with thrombocytopenia and poor outcomes in the form of death or Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA), the SOFA scores were 9.04 and 6.96, respectively (p=0.0438). Similarly, patients with sepsis and thrombocytopenia who had either died or given DAMA the mean APACHE II scores were 18.66 and 17.96, respectively (p-value 0.0492). Conclusion: There was a significant association between, APACHE II and SOFA scores with new onset thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it can be used as an independent individual variable to predict mortality in patients of sepsis with thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Effect of ondansetron on spinal induced hypotension in caesarean deliveries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Pujan Balla ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Ninadini Shrestha ◽  
Navindra Bista ◽  
Moda Nath Marhatta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique of anesthesia employed for caesarean sections. However, it is very often complicated by hypotension. Different drugs and techniques have been used to prevent the hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia. In this study, the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia was evaluated. Objectives: To determine the effect of prophylactic ondansetron on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methodology: Eighty-six parturients planned for elective caesarean deliveries were randomized into two groups of 43 each. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg (4 ml) and Group S received Normal Saline (4 ml) intravenously 10 minutes prior to spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, phenylephrine requirements, occurrence of nausea and vomiting and APGAR scores of neonates were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for intergroup comparison and ANOVA was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. For all determinants, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Occurrence of hypotension in Group O (20.9 %) was significantly lower than in Group S (72.1%) (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Group O at 2, 6, 8, 12 and 14 minutes (p < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine (37.21 mcg vs. 146.51 mcg, p < 0.05) and occurrence of nausea (11.6%, vs. 41.9% p < 0.002) was significantly lower in ondansetron group. Conclusion: Ondansetron is effective in preventing spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean sections.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers in Covid-19 Patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnaz Vaseghi ◽  
Marjan Mansourian ◽  
Raheleh Karimi ◽  
Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani ◽  
Paria Rouhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis of COVID-19 is based on clinical manifestation, history of exposure, positive findings on chest CT and laboratory tests. It has been shown that inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis of COVID-19.MethodWe used the necessary transformations to convert the median and IQR to mean and SD Random-effect model using Der Simonian, and Laird methods was used if heterogeneity between studies was significant, the homogeneity among studies was assessed with I2 Statistic, values above 50%, and for the chi-square test, P-values <0.1 was supposed statistically significantResultsTwelve studies were included in the analysis that all of which were conducted in China in the year 2020. The result of combining 12 articles with 772 participants showed that the pooled estimate of the mean of lymphocyte with 95% CI was (Mean: 1.01; 95% CI (0.76-1.26); p-value<0.001). About WBC the pooled result of 9 studies with 402 participants was (Mean: 5.11; 95% CI (3.90-6.32); p-value<0.001) Also the pooled mean estimate of 9 studies with 513 patients for the ratio of Neutrophil/lymphocyte was (Mean: 3.62; 95% CI (1.48-5.77); p-value=0.001). The pooled mean from the combination of 7 studies with 521 patients on CRP was (Mean: 28.75; 95% CI (8.04-49.46).ConclusionInflammatory Markers increase in patients with Covid-19, which can be a good indicator to find patients.

Comparative Study of Organizational Measures on Helmet Use Rate in Trang Hospital Personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Keyword(s):  
Video Camera ◽  
P Value ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective: To compare the efficacy of organizational measures on helmet use rate of the motorcycle driver and rider in Trang Hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective study comparing the helmet use rate before and after the measures including helmet policy, supportive and incentive organizational measure, and penalizing organizational measure. The personnel of Trang Hospital included 1,441 people. There were 637 drive-only personnel, 143 ride-only personnel and 443 drive-ride personnel. The helmet use rate was collected at the front gate of the hospital by closed circuit video camera monitoring during 07:00 am to 08:30 am every day for one week before and after the various measures. The mean helmet use rates were compared by the chi-square test was considered significant at the p value of less than 0.05. Results: The increased rate of helmet use in driver after the supportive and incentive organizational measure and the penalizing organizational measure compared to the helmet use rate before the policy measures were statistically significant (p<0.001). Unlike the increased rate of helmet use in driver and rider after the policy measure compared to the helmet use rate before the policy measure were not statistically significant (p=0.220, 0.470, consecutively). The increased helmet use of the rider after the penalizing organizational measure was statistically significant when compared to the helmet use rate before the policy (p<0.001), and the supportive and incentive measure (p=0.019). However, the increased rate of helmet use in driver after the penalizing organizational measure compared to the helmet use rate after the supportive and incentive organizational measure were not statistically significant (p=0.990). Conclusion: Only the policy measure has not significantly increased the rate of helmet use in both drivers and riders. The supportive and incentive organizational measure have significantly increased the helmet use rate in the drivers, but not significantly increased the rate of helmet use in the riders. However, the penalizing organizational measure has significantly increased the rate of helmet use in the riders, but not significantly increased the rate of helmet use in the drivers. Keywords: Helmet implementation, Organizational measure, Head injury prevention, Motorcycle accident, Helmet use rate

scholarly journals Testing The Mean For Business Data: Should One Use The Z-Test, T-Test, F-Test, The Chi-Square Test, Or The P-Value Method?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajuan Liang ◽  
William S. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
F Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

In testing the mean of a population or comparing the means from two populations. There are several statistics available: the t-test, z-test, F-test and the chi-square test. Both the t-test and the z-test are usually used for continuous populations, and the chi-square test is used for categorical data. The F-test is used for comparing more than two means. In this paper we will discuss: 1) the conditions on using these tests; 2) the relationship among these test; and 3) illustration of the p-values of these tests by graphs. Some concluding remarks will be provided.

scholarly journals Role of Early Tracheostomy in the Management of Severe Head Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
ABDUL MAJID ◽  
MUHAMMAD FAROOQ ◽  
MUHAMMAD SHAKIR ◽  
ZUBAIR MUSTAFA KHAN ◽  
SAJID IQBAL
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the role of early and late tracheostomy in patients presenting with severe head injuries.Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in the department of neurosurgery, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from March 2018 to August 2018, after taking approval from the ethical committee. A total of one hundred and thirty patients was divided randomly into early (within three days) and late(after three days) tracheostomy groups. After tracheostomy, data regarding acute physiology, age and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), the total number of days since ventilation, tracheostomy, weaning, discharge from ICU and hospital, complications and mortality were noted. All the data was entered and analyzed with SPSS23.0. Quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, qualitative variables were presented as numbers and percentage. The Chi-square test was applied. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.13 ± 2.53 years. There were 84 males (64.61%) and 46 females (35.38%) in the study. The duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and stay in hospital for early and late tracheostomy groups were 25.68 ± 2.94 vs. 33.37 ± 3.32 days, 29.42 ± 2.97 vs. 38.54 ± 3.80 days and 37.20 ± 2.98 vs. 47.15 ± 3.84 days respectively. Four patients (3.08%) and seven patients (5.38%) suffered from mortality.Conclusion: Early tracheostomy among the patients presenting with severe head injuries was associated with a better outcome than late tracheostomy.

scholarly journals Prognosis and Survival Study in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiform and Its Relationship with EGFR Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Zeinab Amirpour ◽  
◽  
Arezoo Bahari ◽  
Behrad Nafisi ◽  
Koorosh Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Background and Aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant and invasive tumor of the brain. The relation between prognosis and survival of GBM patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression is challenging. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis and survival of patients with GBM and its relationship with EGFR expression. Materials and Methods: This single-arm cohort study was conducted on 70 patients with GBM during 2012-2018 in Shahid Rahnemoon and Mortaz hospitals. The immunohistochemistry technique was applied to paraffin blocks of brain tumors for examining EGFR expression. Other data were extracted from medical records. To determine the survival rate, the Kaplan–Meier curves were used. A chi-square test was used for the analysis of data. Statistically, p-value <0.05 was assumed significant. Results: The mean survival of patients with GBM was 22.3 ± 2.5 months (95% CI=17.41 - 27.10). In addition, 1, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 30% and 5%, respectively. The mean survival of patients with negative and positive EGFR was 27.4±7.3 and 20.6±2.4 months, respectively. Besides, 11.1% and 14.3% of patients in negative and positive EGFR groups were alive. There was no significant difference in patient’s survival in terms of EGFR expression (p=0.36). No significant difference was seen between the two groups (EGFR positive and negative groups), regarding the frequency of age, sex, tumor’s anatomical location, and place of living (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on our study, it seems that the GBM tumor was associated with poor prognosis and a low survival rate. It was also found that the expression of the EGFR gene did not affect the survival rate of patients with GBM. Therefore, its use as a predictor factor for survival and prognosis is questionable.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity in patients suffering from migraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4748
Author(s):  
Sidra J. Faruqi ◽  
Naila N. Shahbaz ◽  
Muhammad Yahya ◽  
Mehwish A. Butt ◽  
Faizan H. Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Background: Migraine is one of the most common primary headaches, accounting for significant morbidity in patients suffering from it. An association between obesity and migraine has been documented in the past, despite some studies pointing to the contrary. Author’s purpose is to calculate the prevalence of obesity in migraine patients in order to contribute to the existing concepts. A positive correlation could lead to the employment of weight loss interventions in the management of obese patients with migraine.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 patients, recently diagnosed with migraine, attending the Neurology Outpatient Department at the Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi were enrolled after taking informed consent.  Migraine was diagnosed using International Classification of Headache Disorders III (ICHD III) criteria. Height (meters) and weight (kilograms) were measured and body mass index calculated. This data was kept confidential. The results were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 19.  Continuous quantitative data were analyzed using chi square test. A p Value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of enrolled participants was 30.69±6.96 years, 204(51%) were >30 years of age, 159(39.8%) were male and 241(60.3%) were female, mean height was 1.55±0.1 meters, mean weight was 56.26±12.98 kg, and mean duration of migraine was 5.04±2.02 weeks. The prevalence of obesity in patients with migraine was 108 (27%).Conclusions: It was concluded that the prevalence of obesity in patients with migraine was 27%.

scholarly journals PREEKLAMSIA DAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DI RSU ANUTAPURA PALU

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisnawati Lisnawati ◽  
Nindy Nadyar Humairah ◽  
Arie Maineny
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Preeclampsia is defined as the development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. This research aims to determine the relationship between preeclampsia and LBW in Anutapura Hospital Palu. This research is a case-control research. The population was 186 infants and 93 infants LBW as samples, matching at 37, 38, 39, and 40 weeks gestation. The results showed that preeclampsia mothers gave birth to 16 LBW babies (64%) and 9 non LBW babies (36%). While non preeclampsia mothers gave birth to  77 LBW babies (47.8%) and 84 non LBW babies (52.2%). The mean BBL in preeclampsia mothers was 2232,00gr, whereas for non preeclampsia mothers was 2363,04gr. Based on the results of the chi-square test p-value = 0.197 (0.197> 0.05). As conclusion, despite the prevalence of high LBW in preeclampsia mothers, there is no significant effect between preeclampsia and LBW babies. It is recommended that further analysis of other maternal factors be carried out for the incidence of LBW in Anutapura Hospital Palu.Keywords: Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight

scholarly journals Efficacy of Oral Clonidine as Premedication on Intraoperative Bleeding and Consumption of Inhalational Agent in Patients Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Vivek Chakole ◽  
Shilpa Shankar ◽  
Sneha Kota ◽  
Jayashree Sen ◽  
Sheetal Madavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Oral Clonidine ◽  
Inhalational Agent ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To study the efficacy of oral clonidine on intraoperative bleeding and consumption of inhalational agent in patients undergoing FESS under general anesthesia. Study Design: Prospective, comparative observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, AVBRH, from June 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: A total of 30 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria scheduled for FESS were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 15 each; GROUP C (Clonidine group, n=15) who received tab clonidine 5 mcg/kg, 90 minutes before surgery and GROUP M (Multivitamin group, n=15) who received multivitamin tablet. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) or absolute values were used to indicate data; comparison of qualitative data were done using Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test and quantitative variables using the student ‘t’ Test. P value < 0.05 was taken as statistically        significant. Results: Bleeding was considerably less in the group C [1.65 ± 0.4] as compared to group M [2.20 ± 0.6] and is statistically significant [ P value = 0.006]. The mean MAC value (%) of sevoflurane consumption is lesser in the group C [1.25 ±0.25] than the group M [1.30 ±0.20] but not statistically significant (P value = 0.55). The mean dose (microgram) of fentanyl requirement was more in group M [ 120 ±20] than the group C [100 ± 25] and this was statistically significant (P value = 0.02). Conclusion: Oral Clonidine can be used as an excellent premedication and provides cost effective method to attain controlled hypotension as there is lesser requirement of costly inhalational agent and other analgesic drugs. Also, it maintains better hemodynamic stability with fewer side effects.

Comparison of Early Versus Delayed Showering on Post-Operative Wound Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Salman Habib Abbasi ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Fazal Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Surgery First ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clean Contaminated

Objectives: To compare frequency of SSIs with and without early showering after clean and clean contaminated surgical wounds. Study Design and Setting: Randomized controlled trial was conducted at Department of Surgery. HIT Hospital, Taxila from June 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: A total of 130 participants were recruited after taking informed consent. After clean and clean-contaminated surgery, first group was subjected to early showering (48 hours after surgery) while second group was not allowed showering until removal of stiches. Both groups were compared in terms of SSIs. Data was entered into SPSS version 25. The mean and standard deviation were used for the expression of continuous variables while frequency and proportion were used for qualitative variables. Both groups were compared by independent sample t test and chi square test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.92 ± 11.42 years and there was male gender dominancy i.e. 74 (56.9%) were males while 56 (43.1%) were females. Clean surgeries were 81 (62.3%) and clean-contaminated proportion was 49 (37.7%). Collectively, 12 (9.2%) patients developed SSIs during clinical followup. There was no difference between groups in terms of age, gender, and wound types (p values 0.680, 0.157 and 0.587 respectively). In shower group, 3 (4.6%) and in nonshower group, 9 (13.8%) patients developed SSIs (p value 0.069). Conclusion: Early postoperative showering can be implemented safely in clean and clean contaminated surgical wounds to minimize SSIs. The results should be evaluated in large RCTs

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