scholarly journals Aromatherapy for test anxiety in chiropractic students:

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne M. Wells ◽  
Lia M. Nightingale ◽  
Dustin C. Derby ◽  
Stacie A. Salsbury ◽  
Dana Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biochemistry Test ◽  
Chiropractic Students

Objective Up to 85% of college students experience test anxiety, which may contribute to decreased academic performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of recruiting chiropractic students for a randomized trial involving aromatherapy for anxiety reduction. Methods This study enrolled chiropractic students who were randomly assigned to separate rooms during a biochemistry test. Waterless diffusers dispersed a lemon and rosemary blend of essential oils in the experimental room and water in the control room. Students completed pretest surveys rating current and general anxiety. Posttest surveys included rating current anxiety. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was preformed to determine within- and between-group differences for current anxiety. Feasibility was the primary aim, and the statistical significance of anxiety test scores between rooms was the secondary aim. Results Sixty-four students were included in the study. The feasibility of research methods was noted for adherence to the study protocol (informed consent, randomization, and survey distribution and completion) and resource allocation. Design improvements are required in recruitment methods, follow-up surveys, and intervention blinding. ANCOVA for between-group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference between groups' pre- and posttest anxiety scores (p = .22). Two reported side effects, eye and sinus irritation, could not be attributed to treatment group. Most students were willing to use aromatherapy for test anxiety in the future. Conclusion We demonstrated feasibility in conducting a randomized study to measure the influence of aromatherapy on test anxiety in chiropractic students. A powered, randomized study is needed to determine if aromatherapy may be effective in reducing test anxiety.

Adjuvant methotrexate escalated to toxicity for resectable stage III and IV squamous head and neck carcinomas--a prospective, randomized study.

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Rentschler ◽  
D W Wilbur ◽  
G H Petti ◽  
G D Chonkich ◽  
D A Hilliard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinomas ◽  
Significant Difference

To determine if adjuvant methotrexate (MTX), escalated weekly to toxicity, could improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival by preventing recurrent disease, 60 patients with potentially resectable stage III or IV squamous head and neck carcinomas were stratified by primary site, stage, and nutritional status, then randomized by pairs to receive or not receive adjuvant MTX. All received standard surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Five patients were taken off study because of unresectability at the time of surgery, leaving 55 evaluable patients. There were no statistically significant imbalances in known prognostic factors between the two treatment arms. MTX was begun at 40 mg/m2 and escalated 10 mg/m2 weekly (four doses preoperatively; four doses postoperatively, preradiation therapy; eight doses postradiation therapy) to mucosal or hematologic toxicity. The median peak MTX dose achieved was 80 mg/m2. Although three patients were hospitalized with MTX toxicity, none died of MTX toxicity. No patient receiving MTX had disease progression during treatment, and there was no increase in postoperative complications. Thirty-two patients died (median survival, 19 months); 23 patients are alive with median follow-up of 43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial DFS (P = 1.0) or overall survival (P = .61). Although patients on the MTX arm appeared to have less local and regional recurrences at first recurrence (thus more distant metastases), this did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). There was no significant difference between the sites of recurrence at death or last follow-up (P = .38).

Abstract 15507: CPR Education in Middle School Students During Physical Education Class

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kae Watanabe ◽  
Dalia Lopez-Colon ◽  
Jonathan J Shuster ◽  
Joseph Philip
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: AHA advocates for CPR education as a required element of the secondary school curriculum. Unfortunately, many states have not adopted CPR education as part of their standard curriculum. Our aim was to investigate a low-cost, and time effective method to educate students on Basic life Support (BLS) during a physical education (PE) class, including evaluation of the use of re-education. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that a 45 minute BLS class during PE class is sufficient to provide with CPR and AED knowledge and skills. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized study. The study included forty one 8 th grade students in an Alachua County Middle School in Gainesville, Florida. Education was performed by an AHA-certified provider during a 45 minute PE class. Education was limited to chest compressions and the usage of an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED). Students were randomized into two groups; one group received repeat education at two months post-initial education, while the second group did not. Students had a skills and knowledge test administered pre- and post-education, given after initial education and repeated two and four months later to assess retention. Total scores were compared between pre- and post- education, as well as between groups. Results: There was a significant difference in CPR skills and knowledge when comparing pre- and post-education results for all time-points (p<0.001). When assessing retention, no significant difference in mean total scores was observed between the initial post-education as compared to two and four months (p>0.1). Mean total scores compared between groups showed no statistical significance of re-education. However, a statistical significance was noted for AED usage in the repeat education group. Conclusions: Our study indicates significant increase in CPR knowledge and skills following a one-time 45 minute session. Repeat education may be useful as a yearly event, but would need further investigation. If schools across the United States invested one 45-60 minute period a year for each school year, this would ensure widespread CPR knowledge with minimal cost and loss of school time.

scholarly journals Music Therapy with the Use of Gospel Songs in Reducing the Anxiety of Primigravid Mothers During the Third Trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
T Test ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Study Power

Introduction: Pregnancy can place a woman’s life into various instances that can induce anxiety. This anxiety can then cause serious complications that may occur throughout gestation. Hence, this study introduced music therapy as an intervention and evaluated its effectiveness in managing anxiety among third trimester primigravid mothers. Method: A pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was employed among 50 primigravid mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy that were divided into control (25) and experimental (25) groups. The experimental group received health education and music therapy that was given thirty minutes a day thrice a week for two weeks while the control group only received routine health teaching. Post-test anxiety was collected after two weeks for both groups. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), a 21-item standardized questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.736 was used to measure the variables in the study. Power analysis showed a power of 1.00 with a large effect size of 2.08 at a= 0.05. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of covariance were utilized as measures to determine the effectiveness of the therapy. Results & Discussion: The results showed a significant difference (p=0.0001) between the pre- and post-test scores of both groups. Furthermore, a significant difference (p=0.0001) was noted between the post-test anxiety scores of both groups. Music therapy especially containing gospel songs is an effective way in alleviating the anxiety experienced by primigravid women who are in their third trimester of pregnancy

Randomized Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer

1985 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Y. Holoye ◽  
Thomas W. Grossman ◽  
Robert J. Toohill ◽  
Larry E. Kun ◽  
Roger W. Byhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preoperative Irradiation ◽  
Significant Difference

The ability of surgery and radiotherapy to control advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has reached its maximal potential. We initiated a randomized, prospective, stratified study of adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with stage II disease of the pyrlform sinus and stage III and IV disease of the oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive either standard therapy alone or two courses of 5-fluorouracil (B-CMF) chemotherapy prior to and two courses after the completion of standard therapy. Standard therapy consisted of preoperative irradiation followed by radical surgery. Of 133 patients with advanced disease, 83 were included In the study—43 In the chemotherapy group and 40 In the control group. Rates of residual and recurrent disease, as well as distant metastases, were similar for the two groups. The survival rates of patients without persistent disease at the end of treatment showed no significant difference for the two groups. The study has been discontinued because statistical analysis Indicated that the addition of more patients would not materially Increase the statistical significance of the study.

scholarly journals In Vivo Biocompatibility, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cements Modified with Propolis in Different Concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 077-084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaura Helena Chaves de Meneses ◽  
Gêisa Aiane de Morais Sampaio ◽  
Fabiola Galbiatti de Carvalho ◽  
Hugo Lemes Carlo ◽  
Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and in vivo biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP). Materials and Methods For biocompatibility tests, 135 male Wistar rats were used and divided into nine groups: Group C (control, polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M25, M50 (Meron; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively), Groups KC, KC10, KC25, KC50 (Ketac Cem; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for different cellular events in different time intervals. Shear bond strength test (SBST) on cementation of metal matrices (n = 10, per group), adhesive remnant index (ARI) in bovine incisors (n = 10, per group), and antibacterial properties by the agar diffusion test (n = 15, per group) were analyzed. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn, and one-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.5). Results Morphological evaluation demonstrated intense inflammatory infiltrate in Groups M10 and KC10 in the time intervals of 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 (p = 0.006) days. Multinucleated giant cells were shown to be more present in Group M1, with statistical difference from Control and KC50 Groups in the time interval of 7 days (p = 0.033). The SBST showed no statistical significance among the groups (p > 0.05). Antibacterial property showed a statistically significant difference between Meron and Meron 50%-EEP Groups, and between Ketac and Ketac 50%-EPP Groups (p = 0.001). Conclusions The intensity of histological changes resulting from the cements was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of propolis added; Ketac 50%-EPP was the concentration that had the most favorable biocompatibility results. Addition of EEP to GIC did not negatively change the SBST and ARI. Antibacterial property demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect.

scholarly journals Effect of vaginal progesterone in combination with cervical cerclage on improved gestational age and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy: A prospective randomized study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaal N. ◽  
Sanad Z. ◽  
Shaheen A. ◽  
Hamza H. ◽  
Al Halaby A.
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Cervical Cerclage ◽  
Vaginal Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Prematurity is the second leading cause of death in the first month of life. Objective of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage each alone and in combination in improving gestational age in twin pregnancy and its subsequent impact on perinatal outcome.Methods: A sample size of seventy-five patients has been calculated out of those recruited from outpatient clinic at menoufia university hospital. All fulfilled eligibility criteria of having a twin pregnancy with a history of spontaneous preterm labour, or with a sonographic short cervical length <25mm in mid trimester. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 (N-25): received vaginal progesterone supplementation of 200 mg from 20 weeks until 34 weeks of gestation. Group2 (N-25): were remedied with cervical cerclage of Mc Donald type at 14-16 weeks of gestation Group 3 (N-25): received both vaginal progesterone as well as cervical cerclage. The primary outcome measure was spontaneous delivery between 34-37 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were delivery prior 34 weeks of gestation as well as some parameters of neonatal morbidity and mortality.Results: There was a statistically significant higher gestational age in combination group when compared to progesterone group or cerclage group (P<0.001). Comparison between progesterone and cerclage groups did not reach statistical significance(P=-0.85). Both progesterone and cerclage groups demonstrated significantly lower birth weights, lower Apgar scores and a higher NICU admission rate than in combination group(P<0.001), while such significant difference did not exist between progesterone and cerclage groups.Conclusions: Combination of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage can improve gestational age at delivery as well as some parameters of perinatal morbidity and mortality in twin pregnancy.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Versus Otomicroscopic Myringoplasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Bishow Tulachan ◽  
Roshan Acharya ◽  
Buddha Nath Borgohain
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age Range

 Introduction: Myringoplasty is one of the common surgical procedures done for closure of perforated tympanic membrane. Traditionally, it used to be performed with the help of operating microscope, however, the rigid endoscopes are being popular nowadays. So, we are comparing the success of graft uptake between endoscopic versus otomicroscopic myringoplasty.  Materials and methods: This is a prospective, comparative and randomized study done in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS), Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The study duration was for 18 months (1st December 2015 to 31st May 2017). There were 60 patients with age range of 12-60 years. All the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Patients were randomized into Group A (endoscopic) and Group B (otomicroscopic).  Results: Patient's age ranged from 12-60 years. The mean ± standard deviation (S.D) of age (years) between two groups was 27.07 ± 11.96 years and 27.20 ± 9.65 years respectively. There were 33.33% male and 66.67% female patients in group A and 43.33% male and 56.67% female patients in group B. The graft uptake success rate was 93.33% in group A and 90% in group B. Statistically no significant difference was observed in graft success and failure rates between two groups (p =0.640). Conclusion: Comparatively the rate of graft uptake was higher in endoscopic group without statistical significance. Thus, endoscopic myringoplasty can be a good alternative of microscopic myringoplasty.  

scholarly journals The "What" and "Hows" of Mindfulness: Using DBT's Mindfulness Skills to Reduce Test Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Lothes II ◽  
Kirk Mochrie
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
Text Anxiety ◽  
Mindfulness Interventions

Background: Many studies have shown the positive effects of extended mindfulness interventions on anxiety reduction in several different populations; however, few have yet to examine the effects of mindfulness interventions on test anxiety in a college student population.Aim: This study assesses the effects of overall test anxiety reduction through the use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy's (DBT's) mindfulness skills over an eight-week period among college students.Methods: Participants included 16 college students that were trained in mindfulness, which included an eight-week mindfulness training using DBT's "What" and "How" skills of the mindfulness module. Participants were assessed on text anxiety, general anxiety, and mindfulness at the beginning, mid-way point, and end of the study. A weekly schedule of mindfulness practices was given to participants to complete on their own at home.Results: Participants showed significant within-group reductions in test anxiety from the start of the study (Mean = 56, SD = 11.47) to the end of the study (Mean = 37.56, SD = 9.98).Conclusions: It is likely a mindfulness intervention that specifically teaches the “What” and “How” skills of DBT can help students reduce not only test anxiety, but overall anxiety, as well as increase individual levels of mindfulness based on the self-reported mindfulness questionnaire. Further research is needed to more definitively assess these results matched against a wait-list control group.

Treatment of Test Anxiety by Group Implosive Therapy

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold H. Dawley ◽  
W. W. Wenrich
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implosive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Control Group

36 test anxious Ss were randomly assigned to 3 groups. One group served as the no-treatment control, while the other two groups received either placebo-attention or implosive therapy. Implosive therapy consisted of 5 30-min. sessions of treatment in which Ss were asked to imagine highly anxiety-evoking scenes pertaining to test anxiety while concentrating on experiencing the accompanying sensations as intensely as possible. The placebo group imagined non-relevant scenes while concentrating on experiencing the accompanying sensations as intensely as possible. The results indicated a significant difference in terms of anxiety reduction between the no-treatment control group and the implosive-therapy group. No significant difference was obtained between the placebo group and the implosive-therapy group, or between the placebo group and the no-treatment group. The importance of a placebo group in behavior therapy research was noted.

scholarly journals Randomized study comparing 3D virtual reality and conventional 2D on-screen teaching of cerebrovascular anatomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. E18
Author(s):  
Ladina Greuter ◽  
Adriana De Rosa ◽  
Philippe Cattin ◽  
Davide Marco Croci ◽  
Jehuda Soleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Aneurysm Detection ◽  
To Come ◽  
Neurovascular Anatomy ◽  
2D Images

OBJECTIVE Performing aneurysmal clipping requires years of training to successfully understand the 3D neurovascular anatomy. This training has traditionally been obtained by learning through observation. Currently, with fewer operative aneurysm clippings, stricter work-hour regulations, and increased patient safety concerns, novel teaching methods are required for young neurosurgeons. Virtual-reality (VR) models offer the opportunity to either train a specific surgical skill or prepare for an individual surgery. With this study, the authors aimed to compare the spatial orientation between traditional 2D images and 3D VR models in neurosurgical residents or medical students. METHODS Residents and students were each randomly assigned to describe 4 aneurysm cases, which could be either 2D images or 3D VR models. The time to aneurysm detection as well as a spatial anatomical description was assessed via an online questionnaire and compared between the groups. The aneurysm cases were 10 selected patient cases treated at the authors’ institution. RESULTS Overall, the time to aneurysm detection was shorter in the 3D VR model compared to 2D images, with a trend toward statistical significance (25.77 ± 37.26 vs 45.70 ± 51.94 seconds, p = 0.052). No significant difference was observed for residents (3D VR 24.47 ± 40.16 vs 2D 33.52 ± 56.06 seconds, p = 0.564), while in students a significantly shorter time to aneurysm detection was measured using 3D VR models (26.95 ± 35.39 vs 59.16 ± 44.60 seconds, p = 0.015). No significant differences between the modalities for anatomical and descriptive spatial mistakes were observed. Most participants (90%) preferred the 3D VR models for aneurysm detection and description, and only 1 participant (5%) described VR-related side effects such as dizziness or nausea. CONCLUSIONS VR platforms facilitate aneurysm recognition and understanding of its spatial anatomy, which could make them the preferred method compared to 2D images in the years to come.

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