In Vivo Biocompatibility, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cements Modified with Propolis in Different Concentrations

Abstract Objectives The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and in vivo biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP). Materials and Methods For biocompatibility tests, 135 male Wistar rats were used and divided into nine groups: Group C (control, polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M25, M50 (Meron; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively), Groups KC, KC10, KC25, KC50 (Ketac Cem; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for different cellular events in different time intervals. Shear bond strength test (SBST) on cementation of metal matrices (n = 10, per group), adhesive remnant index (ARI) in bovine incisors (n = 10, per group), and antibacterial properties by the agar diffusion test (n = 15, per group) were analyzed. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn, and one-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.5). Results Morphological evaluation demonstrated intense inflammatory infiltrate in Groups M10 and KC10 in the time intervals of 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 (p = 0.006) days. Multinucleated giant cells were shown to be more present in Group M1, with statistical difference from Control and KC50 Groups in the time interval of 7 days (p = 0.033). The SBST showed no statistical significance among the groups (p > 0.05). Antibacterial property showed a statistically significant difference between Meron and Meron 50%-EEP Groups, and between Ketac and Ketac 50%-EPP Groups (p = 0.001). Conclusions The intensity of histological changes resulting from the cements was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of propolis added; Ketac 50%-EPP was the concentration that had the most favorable biocompatibility results. Addition of EEP to GIC did not negatively change the SBST and ARI. Antibacterial property demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect.

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Semiquantification Study of [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET Brain Images in Multiple Sclerosis

Revista Brasileira de Física Médica ◽

10.29384/rbfm.2016.v10.n2.p39-43 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucas Diovani Lopes Narciso ◽

Phelipi Nunes Schuck ◽

Caroline Machado Dartora ◽

Cristina Sebastião Matushita ◽

Jefferson Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

White Matter ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Microglial Activation ◽

Time Interval ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Brain Images ◽

Significant Difference

PET brain images with [11C]-(R)-PK11195 are being widely used to visualize microglial activation in vivo in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study is to investigate the uptake behavior in juxtacortical and periventricular regions of [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET brain images reformatted in different time intervals by applying three methods, seeking method and time interval that significantly differentiate MS patients from healthy controls. Semiquantitative SUV and SUVR methods were applied to PET images from different time intervals acquired from 10 patients with MS and 5 healthy controls. The results show significant difference between groups for SUV (p = 0.01) in 40 to 60 min interval, and SUVR with white matter as reference (p < 0.01) in 10 to 60 min interval, measured in the juxtacortical and periventricular regions.

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A prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy of post-operative nasal medication after endonasal surgery

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100130865 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 109 (7) ◽

pp. 618-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul D. R. Spraggs ◽

Marcelle Macnamara ◽

Theo Joseph

Keyword(s):

Randomized Study ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Control Group ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Ephedrine Hydrochloride ◽

Patent Airway ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate

AbstractPost-operative nasal medications are commonly used following routine septal or turbinate surgery but their efficacy in removing blood clots, improving the sensation of a patent airway and promoting healing are unknown. This prospective randomized trial of patients undergoing septal and/or turbinate surgery assessed the efficacy of three commonly used nasal medicines, 0.5 per cent ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops, betamethasone sodium phosphate (Betnosol®) nose drops and alkaline nasal douches, in producing the sensation of a patent airway in the 14 days following surgery. Ninety-seven patients were randomized into the three treatment groups and a control group who received no nasal medication. Patients assessed their nasal patency by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and any complications of treatment were recorded. Statistical analysis of the 76 complete sets of results using the Mann-Whitney U-test showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of all of the treatments for each of the time intervals (p<0.05). Glass rank biserial correlation coefficients were all small (rg<0.085) but the most significant differences were between ephedrine and the control group at two hours, two, seven and 10 days (0.02, 0.054, 0.057, 0.085 respectively), alkaline nasal douches being most significant at four and 14 days (0.06 and 0.0722 respectively).

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System Implications of the Ambulance Arrival-to-Patient Contact Interval on Response Interval Compliance

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00041455 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 230-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jack P. Campbell ◽

Matthew C. Gratton ◽

Joseph A. Salomone ◽

Daniel J. Lindholm ◽

William A. Watson

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Public Utility ◽

Third Party ◽

Measuring System ◽

System Response ◽

Time Interval ◽

Patient Access ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Chi Square

AbstractBackground:Background: In some emergency medical services (EMS) system designs, response time intervals are mandated with monetary penalties for noncompliance. These times are set with the goal of providing rapid, definitive patient care. The time interval of vehicle at scene-to-patient access (VSPA) has been measured, but its effect on response time interval compliance has not been determined.Purpose:To determine the effect of the VSPA interval on the mandated code 1 (<9 min) and code 2 (<13 min) response time interval compliance in an urban, public-utility model system.Methods:A prospective, observational study used independent third-party riders to collect the VSPA interval for emergency life-threatening (code 1) and emergency nonlife-threatening (code 2) calls. The VSPA interval was added to the 9-1-1 call-to-dispatch and vehicle dispatch-to-scene intervals to determine the total time interval from call received until paramedic access to the patient (9-1-1 call-to-patient access). Compliance with the man dated response time intervals was determined using the traditional time intervals (9-1-1 call-to-scene) plus the VSPA time intervals (9-1-1 call-to-patient access). Chi-square was used to determine statistical significance.Results:Of the 216 observed calls, 198 were matched to the traditional time intervals. Sixty three were code 1, and 135 were code 2. Of the code 1 calls, 90.5% were compliant using 9-1-1 call-to-scene intervals dropping to 63.5% using 9-1-1 call-to-patient access intervals (p<0.0005). Of the code 2 calls, 94.1% were compliant using 9-1-1 call-to-scene intervals. Compliance decreased to 83.7% using 9-1-1 call-to-patient access intervals (p = 0.012).Conclusion:The addition of the VSPA interval to the traditional time intervals impacts system response time compliance. Using 9-1-1 call-to-scene compliance as a basis for measuring system performance underestimates the time for the delivery of definitive care. This must be considered when response time interval compliances are defined.

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Evaluation of Force Degradation Characteristics of Orthodontic Latex Elastics in Vitro and In Vivo

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/022306-76 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 688-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tong Wang ◽

Gang Zhou ◽

Xianfeng Tan ◽

Yaojun Dong

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Control Groups ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Room Condition ◽

In Vivo Testing ◽

Initial Force

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of force degradation of latex elastics in clinical applications and in vitro studies. Materials and Methods: Samples of 3/16-inch latex elastics were investigated, and 12 students between the ages of 12 and 15 years were selected for the intermaxillary and intramaxillary tractions. The elastics in the control groups were set in artificial saliva and dry room conditions and were stretched 20 mm. The repeated-measure two-way analysis of variance and nonlinear regression analysis were used to identify statistical significance. Results: Overall, there were statistically significant differences between the different methods and observation intervals. At 24- and 48-hour time intervals, the force decreased during in vivo testing and in artificial saliva (P < .001), whereas there were no significant differences in dry room conditions (P > .05). In intermaxillary traction the percentage of initial force remaining after 48 hours was 61%. In intramaxillary traction and in artificial saliva the percentage of initial force remaining was 71%, and in room conditions 86% of initial force remained. Force degradation of latex elastics was different according to their environmental conditions. There was significantly more force degradation in intermaxillary traction than in intramaxillary traction. The dry room condition caused the least force loss. Conclusions: There were some differences among groups in the different times to start wearing elastics in intermaxillary traction but no significant differences in intramaxillary traction.

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Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study

Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10047-0013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Jonathan E Sam ◽

Paulaian Benin ◽

Ruth H Beaulah ◽

Gnanaseelan LNU ◽

Lal Krishna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Group Iii ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Group I ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Cariogenic microorganisms are the most important cause for occurrence of dental caries. Dentifrices and mouthwashes containing antimicrobial substances are proven to be effective in the eradication of these pathogens from the oral cavity. Aim To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fluoride, chlorhexidine (CHX), herbal, and xylitol containing toothpastes and mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus (LB) in subjects within the age group of 18 to 22 years at time intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months. Materials and methods One hundred subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Group I: fluoride, group II: chlorhexidine, group III: herbal, group IV: xylitol and instructed to use toothpastes and mouthwashes containing the specific agents. Salivary samples were collected to evaluate the levels of S. mutans and LB at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Bacterial levels were evaluated using caries risk test (CRT) kit. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc test. Results During intragroup comparison, S. mutans levels in group I showed statistically significant difference among the four time intervals. On intergroup comparison, S. mutans levels after 6 months for groups I, II, III, and IV were 1.12, 1.16, 1.28, and 1.4 respectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that fluoride, CHX, and xylitol showed a significant reduction in S. mutans and LB count after a time period of 6 months while herbal group did not show a significant reduction in S. mutans and LB count at any intervals. How to cite this article Sam JE, Benin P, Beaulah RH, Gnanaseelan, Krishna L, Raja J. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Four Toothpastes and Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus: An in vivo Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):60-65.

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Expanding the time interval between ovulation triggering and oocyte injection: does it affect the embryological and clinical outcome?

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deaa338 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

L T M Vandenberghe ◽

S Santos-Ribeiro ◽

N De Munck ◽

B Desmet ◽

W Meul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcome ◽

Live Birth ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Time Interval ◽

Epididymal Sperm ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is the time interval between ovulation triggering and oocyte denudation/injection associated with embryological and clinical outcome after ICSI? SUMMARY ANSWER Expanding the time interval between ovulation triggering and oocyte denudation/injection is not associated with any clinically relevant impact on embryological or clinical outcome. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The optimal time interval between ovulation triggering and insemination/injection appears to be 38–39 h and most authors agree that an interval of >41 h has a negative influence on embryological and clinical pregnancy outcomes. However, in ART centres with a heavy workload, respecting these exact time intervals is frequently challenging. Therefore, we questioned to what extent a wider time interval between ovulation triggering and oocyte injection would affect embryological and clinical outcome in ICSI cycles. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A single-centre retrospective cohort analysis was performed including 8811 ICSI cycles from 2010 until 2015. Regarding the time interval between ovulation triggering and oocyte injection, seven categories were considered: <36 h, 36 h, 37 h, 38 h, 39 h, 40 h and ≥41 h. In all cases, denudation was performed immediately prior to injection. The main outcome measures were oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo utilization rate (embryos adequate for transfer or cryopreservation) per fertilized oocyte. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) were considered as secondary outcomes. Utilization rate, CPR and LBR were subdivided into two groups according to the day of embryo transfer: Day 3 or Day 5. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS During the study period, oocyte retrieval was routinely performed 36 h post-triggering except in the <36 h group. The interval of <36 h occurred only if OR was carried out before the planned 36 h trigger interval and was followed by immediate injection. Only cycles with fresh autologous gametes were included. The exclusion criteria were: injection with testicular/epididymal sperm, managed natural cycles, conventional IVF, combined conventional IVF/ICSI, preimplantation genetic testing and IVM cycles. Female age, number of oocytes, pre-preparation sperm concentration, post-preparation sperm concentration and motility, day of transfer, number of embryos transferred and quality of the best embryo transferred were identified as potential confounders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among the seven interval groups, adjusted mean maturation rates ranged from 76.4% to 83.2% and differed significantly (P < 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant difference in adjusted mean fertilization rates (range 69.2–79.3%; P < 0.001). The adjusted maturation and fertilization rates were significantly higher when denudation/injection was performed >41 h post-triggering compared to 38 h post-triggering (reference group). Oocyte denudation/injection at <36 h post-triggering had no significant effect on maturation, fertilization or embryo utilization rates compared to injection at 38 h. No effect of the time interval was observed on CPRs and LBRs, after adjusting for potential confounders. When oocyte injection was performed before 36 h the adjusted analysis showed that compared to 38 h after ovulation triggering the chance of having a live birth tends to be lower although the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio 0.533, 95% CI: 0.252–1.126; P = 0.099). Injection ≥41 h post-triggering did not affect LBR compared to injection at 38 h post-ovulation. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As this is a large retrospective study, the influence of uncontrolled variables cannot be excluded. These results should not be extrapolated to other ART procedures such as IVM, conventional IVF or injection with testicular/epididymal sperm. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results indicate that the optimal injection time window may be less stringent than previously thought as both embryological and clinical outcome parameters were not significantly affected in our analysis. This is reassuring for busy ART centres that might not always be able to follow strict time intervals. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding. The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the present study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Randomised, single blinded, controlled, prospective study comparing ketamine, lignocaine and chlorhexidine gargle in prevention of post-operative sore throat

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703917 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 082-086

Author(s):

Sumalatha R. Shetty ◽

Karan Pratap Singh Panaych ◽

Raveendra U. S.

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Time Interval ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Haemodynamic Changes ◽

Double Blind Control Study ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Postoperative sore throat is a common complaint in patients after extubation and can be distressing to the patients. Hence we aimed to compare efficacy of lignocaine, ketamine and chlorhexidine gargle for the control of postoperative sore throat. Materials and Methods: After institutional ethical committee clearance, 100 patients were allotted into 4 groups of 25 each in this randomized, double blind, control study. The study solution for gargle in Group L, Group C and Group K contained 50mg lignocaine, 30mg chlorhexidine and 50 mg ketamine in 30ml sterile water respectively while in Group W it was 30ml of sterile water. The study solution was given 5 minutes before induction and the patients were made to gargle it for 30 seconds. The post-operative sore throat (POST) grading was done at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours after extubation. Results: At 0 hour, there was a significant lower grades of POST in Group K as compared to Group W (p=0.011). At the 4 hour interval, the grades of POST were significantly lower in group K (p=0.001) and Group L (p<0.001) whencompared to Group C.At the 24 hour time interval, the grades of POST were lower in Group L (p=0.007) and Group K (p<0.001) when compared to Group C. At the same time interval, significantly lower grades of POST in Group W was seen compared to Group C (p=0.001). At the end of all time intervals there was no statistical significant difference in the severity of POST in Group L and Group K. There were no significant haemodynamic changes in any of the groups. Conclusion: Ketamine and Lignocaine gargles are effective in the reduction of postoperative sore throat without any changes in haemodynamics.

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Adjuvant methotrexate escalated to toxicity for resectable stage III and IV squamous head and neck carcinomas--a prospective, randomized study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1987.5.2.278 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 278-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

R E Rentschler ◽

D W Wilbur ◽

G H Petti ◽

G D Chonkich ◽

D A Hilliard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Hematologic Toxicity ◽

Head And Neck Carcinomas ◽

Significant Difference

To determine if adjuvant methotrexate (MTX), escalated weekly to toxicity, could improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival by preventing recurrent disease, 60 patients with potentially resectable stage III or IV squamous head and neck carcinomas were stratified by primary site, stage, and nutritional status, then randomized by pairs to receive or not receive adjuvant MTX. All received standard surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Five patients were taken off study because of unresectability at the time of surgery, leaving 55 evaluable patients. There were no statistically significant imbalances in known prognostic factors between the two treatment arms. MTX was begun at 40 mg/m2 and escalated 10 mg/m2 weekly (four doses preoperatively; four doses postoperatively, preradiation therapy; eight doses postradiation therapy) to mucosal or hematologic toxicity. The median peak MTX dose achieved was 80 mg/m2. Although three patients were hospitalized with MTX toxicity, none died of MTX toxicity. No patient receiving MTX had disease progression during treatment, and there was no increase in postoperative complications. Thirty-two patients died (median survival, 19 months); 23 patients are alive with median follow-up of 43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial DFS (P = 1.0) or overall survival (P = .61). Although patients on the MTX arm appeared to have less local and regional recurrences at first recurrence (thus more distant metastases), this did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). There was no significant difference between the sites of recurrence at death or last follow-up (P = .38).

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Antibacterial Properties and Application of Nanosilver Material in the Tracheal Tube

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.18520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 6542-6546

Author(s):

Yunjie Hu ◽

Xiaobei Ji ◽

Dunshuang Wei ◽

Jun Deng

Keyword(s):

Endotracheal Tube ◽

Endotracheal Intubation ◽

Tracheal Tube ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Plate Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Type ◽

Experimental Group

To investigate the antibacterial ability of a new type of antibacterial tracheal tube coated with nanosilver/polyurethane in rats. In January 2016, 48 male SD rats of SPF grade, provided by the medical center of Hong Kong University of science and technology, Peking University, Shenzhen, were selected as the study objects. Twenty-four healthy rats, who underwent endotracheal intubation and retained nanosilver/polyurethane-coated new antibacterial endotracheal tube in vivo, were randomly selected as the experimental group, while 24 healthy rats who underwent endotracheal intubation at the same time and retained common endotracheal tube in vivo were randomly selected as the control group. At 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the operation, the number of colonies in the alveolar lavage fluid of the two groups was measured using the plate count method, and the thickness of the biofilm formed by the built-in catheter of the two groups was observed by microscope. Twelve hours after operation, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The colony number in BALF in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At 12 and 24 hours after operation, there was no significant difference in the biofilm thickness between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, the thickness of biofilm that had formed by catheterization 48 and 72 hours after operation was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The new type of antibacterial tracheal tube, coated with nanosilver/polyurethane, has stronger antibacterial and anti-biofilm proliferation performance than that of the common tracheal tube.

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Time-course evaluation of survival and treatment in FIRE-3 (AIO KRK0306, first-line therapy of KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.617 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 617-617

Author(s):

Dominik Paul Modest ◽

Sebastian Stintzing ◽

Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal ◽

Alberto F. Sobrero ◽

Thomas Decker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Time Course ◽

Course Evaluation ◽

Time Interval ◽

Wild Type ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Time Frames ◽

In Fire

617 Background: FIRE-3 reported overall survival (OS) difference in favour of arm A (FOLFIRI plus cetuximab, N= 297 pts.) compared to arm B (FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, N= 295 pts.) in the absence of significant differences in progression-free survival and response rate. Methods: We subdivided the study into six-month time intervals, starting at the time point of randomisation and evaluated OS in a time-wise fashion. Within each interval, OS was analyzed by Cox regression. Furthermore, systemic treatment and local interventions were investigated in the respective time-frames. Results: The time-course hazard ratios of OS are summarized in the Table. Pronounced differences in overall survival by time-interval analysis are observed between 24 and 30 months and between 30 and 36 months. Within the interval of 24-30 months, 24.6% (73/297) of pts in arm A and 25.1% (74/295) of pts in arm B received systemic therapy (any treatment-line). In the subsequent interval of 30-36 months, systemic anti-tumor treatment decreased to 18.9% (56/297) of pts in arm A and 16.3% (48/295) of pts in arm B. Median time on treatment was less than 2 months in the intervals of 24-30 months and 30-36 months. Updated data including RAS wild-type population will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The differences in OS observed in FIRE-3 are pronounced in time intervals between 24-30 months as well as 30-36 months after randomisation into the study. A small number of patients received rather short courses of anti-tumor therapy in these observation units. The significant difference in OS that manifests in time-frames between 24 and 30 months as well as between 30 and 36 months suggests that underlying effects on OS in FIRE-3 may include multiple factors and cannot be explained by the number of patients on active treatment alone. Clinical trial information: NCT00433927. [Table: see text]

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