scholarly journals Perceived Effect of COVID-19 on the Health of Charcoal Producers in the Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
P.O. Eniola
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Death ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Treat All

Charcoal producers ignored the health implications of the activity especially during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in several health disorders. Thus, the study examined perceived effect of COVID-19 on the health of charcoal producers in the derived savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of structured interview scheduled. A total of 178 respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were analysed through the use of frequency, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics: chi-square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study reveals that most of the respondents strongly agreed that they usually use local herbs to treat all ailments during COVID-19. More than 50% of them always experienced difficult breathing during COVID-19, and that high death were recorded than before COVID-19 pandemic, while 88.2% of the respondents perceived low level of the effect of COVID-19 on their health. In addition, more than 50% of them strongly agreed that COVID-19 does not exist at all, that it is a taboo, while shaking hands with customers/friends is a symbol of love and that they cannot do without touching both face and nose during COVID-19 pandemic respectively. However, 93.3% of the respondents did not comply with the COVID-19 preventive measures. The study concludes that charcoal producers did not believe in the existence of COVID-19 and this may be dangerous to their health. Hence, education awareness on the hazard of COVID-19 to the health of charcoal producers should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Adoption of Rice Post-Harvest Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Banji Olalere Adisa ◽  
Michael Famakinwa ◽  
Kolawole Adelekan Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

SummaryThe study assessed adoption of rice post-harvest technologies among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule using a multistage sampling procedure. Percentages, means, Chi-square and correlation were used to analyse the data and draw inferences. The results show that about 52.5% of the respondents had favourable perception, while 47.5% had unfavourable perception towards adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies. Rice milling (mean=4.54) and harvesting matured panicles at the right time (mean=4.47) ranked highest among the adopted post-harvest technologies, while majority (65%) of the respondents adopted the rice post-harvest technologies at moderate level and 35% had high level of adoption. Inadequate capital (mean=1.75) and poor extension contacts (mean=1.67) were the major constraints associated with the adoption. Also, there was significant association between sex (χ2= 38.174), marital status (χ2=32.85) and adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies, while age (r=-0.531), household size (r=0.414) and the quantity of rice produced (r=0.345) had significant relationship with adoption of the post-harvest rice technologies. There was moderate level of adoption among the farmers. Financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organisations should provide functional credit facilities and government should employ more extension agents to promote adoption of high-quality enhancing post-harvest technologies for sustainable rice production in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Еffect of insect infestation on the economic value of smoked fish sold in selected markets in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A.A. Ayeloja ◽  
F.O.A. George ◽  
W.A. Jimoh ◽  
G.L. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract. In the present study a multistage sampling technique using semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio- economic characteristics of the respondents and on economic loss of smoked fish resulting from insect pest infestation. Smoked fishes were bought from 10 markets in Oyo state, South West of Nigeria and checked in the laboratory for the insect pests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Results indicated that insects at their larvae stage cause more economic loss to smoked fish than adult insects while Necrobia rufipes and Dermestes spp. are the insects found to infest the smoked fishes in this study. The insect infestation of the smoked fish leads to huge economic loss. Of all respondent groups the women dominate smoked fish business.

scholarly journals Household’s perception on COVID-19 vaccination in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Surendra Singh Jatav ◽  
Sanatan Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Awareness Programme

An attempt was made to assess the households’ perception on Covid-19 and vaccination. By using multistage sampling technique, 400 samples were collected during June 15 to July 15 2021. Further, descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Households are well-aware of Covid-19 symptoms and their preventive measures i.e., quarantine period, social distancing, hand-wash and vaccination. Results also highlight that social hierarchies and rumours about vaccine are responsible for low vaccination in the sample villages. A grass-root awareness programme is prerequisite for complete vaccination and to avoid third-wave of Covid-19 in India.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the productivity of coffee in Gulmi and Arghakhanchi districts of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Chandan Bhattarai ◽  
Dija Bhandari ◽  
Subash Bhandari ◽  
Keshav Bhusal ◽  
Bishal Khatri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Coffee Sector

Coffee is one of the major potential cash crops with lucrative export value grown in mid-hills of Nepal. Nepalese coffee production has suffered long by low productivity. Research was conducted from February to May, 2019 to analyze the factors affecting the productivity of coffee in Arghakhanchi and Gulmi districts of Nepal. These two districts were, purposively selected for this study taking account of comparative advantage and past studies recommendations for coffee sector. Altogether, 100 coffee growing households 50 from each, Arghakhanchi and Gulmi, were sampled by using multistage sampling technique. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect the primary information while secondary information was collected reviewing the relevant publications. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to determine the factors affecting the productivity of coffee. The study revealed that the number of active family members involved in coffee production (0.000), adoption of income diversification through intercropping (0.005), training (0.072) and technical assistance (0.021) had positive and significant effect on coffee productivity. Encouraging the household to have coffee production as their primary occupation, providing technical assistance on rational land utilization and intercropping and strengthening the skill and knowledge of farmers through trainings could significantly support in increasing the productivity of coffee.

scholarly journals Determinants of Households’ Market Participation around Community Milk Cooling Plants, Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Justus I. Emukule ◽  
Mary J. Kipsat ◽  
Caroline C. Wambui
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Market participation in sub-Saharan Africa has been assessed mainly based on already producing households by looking at whether they sold or not, and if they sold, what quantities. The objective of this study was to determine the socio economic factors that influenced households’ decisions on market participation in terms of dairy cow ownership and quantity of milk sold while taking into consideration the non-producers using Heckman two stage model. The model allowed for not only determination of the effects of household characteristics on volume of milk surplus sold by already producing households but also drew inferences on the effect of household characteristics on probabilities of dairy cow ownership whileadding new information to literature by generating the truncation effect. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 544 producer and non-producer households and primary data collected using a semi structured interview schedule through personal interviews. From the results, probit marginal effects for dairy cow ownership were associated positively and statistically significant with household size, the level of education and land size owned by the households. The Heckman selection estimates revealed that increased number of dairy cows per household positively influenced the volumes of milk sold, while household size influenced negatively the quantity of milk sold. In conclusion, milk sales conditional on dairy cow ownership suffered from negative selectivity bias whereby a household with sample average characteristics who selected into dairy cow ownership secured 40% lower quantity of milk sold than would a household drawn at random.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Kasman Kasman ◽  
Nuning Irnawulan Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Multistage Sampling

ABSTRAKSetiap anak mengalami episode serangan diare rata-rata 3,3 kali setiap tahun. Lebih kurang 80% kematian terjadi pada anak berusia kurang dari dua tahun. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak terjadi di Kota Banjarmasin. Penyebabnya diduga karena Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan jamban terhadap kejadian diare pada anak balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak balita yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 54.746 balita. Teknik penarikan sampel secara multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 188 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018 dengan wawancara langsung pada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22,9% anak balita yang menderita diare. Sebagian besar (97,9%) responden telah memiliki Jamban dengan jenis jamban menggunakan tangki septic 94,6%. Terdapat 19% jamban dengan kondisi yang tidak baik. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemilikan jamban (p-value=0,038) dan kondisi jamban (p-value =0,000) terhadap kejadian Diare pada Balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk memperhatikan kebersihan jamban.Kata-kata kunci : Diare, Balita, Penyakit infeksi, JambanABSTRACTEach child experiences episodes of diarrhea attack an average of 3.3 times each year. Approximately 80% of deaths occur in children aged less than two years. Diarrhea is one of the many diseases that occur in Banjarmasin. The cause is thought to be due to poor environmental sanitation. This study aims to analyze the use of latrines on the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in Banjarmasin. The design of this study used a cross-sectional design. The study population was all toddlers in Banjarmasin of 54,746 toddlers. The sampling technique was multistage sampling with a total sample of 188 toddlers. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 with an interview with the respondent directly using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that there were 22.9% of children under five suffering from diarrhea. Most (97.9%) of respondents have had latrines in the type of latrine using a 94.6% septic tank. There is a significant relationship between latrine ownership (p-value= 0.038) and latrine condition (p-value= 0,000) to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarmasin City. It is expected the public to pay attention to hygiene latrine.Keywords: Diarrhea, under-five children, infectious diseases, latrines

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents in higher secondary school

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Kopila Shrestha ◽  
Shanti Awale
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Adolescent reproductive health is one of the component of the reproductive health. It is most important issue in the world. Reproductive capability is taking place at an earlier age and adolescents are indulging in risk taking behaviors day by day. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley to assess the knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. Total of 200 respondents were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Self-administered written questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as Chi-square test. Results: The findings revealed that most of the respondents had knowledge regarding transmission and protection of HIV/AIDS and STIs but still some respondents had misconception regarding it. The statistical analysis revealed that the total mean knowledge score with standard deviation was 45.02±8.674. Nearly half of the respondents (49.5%) had moderate level of knowledge, followed by inadequate level of knowledge 29.5% and adequate level of knowledge 21.0% regarding sexual and reproductive health. There was statistically significant association of level of knowledge with area of residence (p-value 0.002). Conclusion: Nearly half of the respondents possess some knowledge about sexual and reproductive health but still effective educational intervention is required to increase their knowledge.

scholarly journals Perbedaan asupan mikronutrien pada lansia penderita hipertensi esensial yang overweight dan tidak overweight

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Catur Saptaning Wilujeng ◽  
Wasilah Rochmah ◽  
Susetyowati Susetyowati
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Overweight Status ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Control Study

Background: Hypertension in overweight elderly is a crucial problem considering that its pathogenesis, disease pattern and management are not entirely the same with hypertension in young adults. Hypertension in overweight elderly requires particular attention because it is closely associated with overall management (medical and nutritional).Objective: To study different intake of micronutrients, i.e. natrium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension at Griya Sehat Lansia (GSL) Yogyakarta.Method: The study was analytical with case control study design. Samples were as many as 138 elderly of 60-75 years old taken using multistage sampling technique. Data of intake Na, K, Ca, Mg were obtained through semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); essential hypertension through assessment of blood pressure using sphygmomanometer; overweight and non overweight status through body mass index (BMI), BMI for overweight was 23-24.9 kg/m2 and non-overweight was 18.50-22.99 kg/m2. Statistical analysis used paired t test, Chi-Square and logistic regression.Results: There were differences in intake of Na, K, Ca, and Mg between overweight and non overweight elderly (p<0.05). There were significant association (p<0.05) between intake of Na, K, Ca, and Mg of overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension, with OR 5.271; 6.813; 3.398 and 3.444. Intake of Na and K were variables most significantly associated with overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension (p<0.05).Conclusion: There were significant differences in intake of micronutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg) between overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension at GSL Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Kasman Kasman ◽  
Nuning Irnawulan Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Multistage Sampling

ABSTRAK Setiap anak mengalami episode serangan diare rata-rata 3,3 kali setiap tahun. Lebih kurang 80% kematian terjadi pada anak berusia kurang dari dua tahun. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak terjadi di Kota Banjarmasin. Penyebabnya diduga karena Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan jamban terhadap kejadian diare pada anak balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak balita yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 54.746 balita. Teknik penarikan sampel secara multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 188 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018 dengan wawancara langsung pada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22,9% anak balita yang menderita diare. Sebagian besar (97,9%) responden telah memiliki Jamban dengan jenis jamban menggunakan tangki septik 94,6%. Terdapat 19% jamban dengan kondisi yang tidak baik. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemilikan jamban (p-value=0,038) dan kondisi jamban (p-value=0,000) terhadap kejadian diare pada Balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk memperhatikan kebersihan jamban. Kata-kata kunci : Diare, anak,  Balita, Penyakit,  infeksi, Jamban.  ABSTRACT Each child experiences episodes of diarrhea attack an average of 3.3 times each year. Approximately 80% of deaths occur in children aged less than two years. Diarrhea is one of the many diseases that occur in Banjarmasin. The cause is thought to be due to poor environmental sanitation. This study aims to analyze the use of latrines on the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in Banjarmasin. The design of this study used a cross-sectional design. The study population was all toddlers in Banjarmasin of 54,746 toddlers. The sampling technique was multistage sampling with a total sample of 188 toddlers. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 with an interview with the respondent directly using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that there were 22.9% of children under five suffering from diarrhea. Most (97.9%) of respondents have had latrines in the type of latrine using a 94.6% septic tank. There is a significant relationship between latrine ownership (p-value= 0.038) and latrine condition (p-value=0,000) to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarmasin City. It is expected the public to pay attention to hygiene latrine. Keywords: Diarrhea, children, under-five children, infectious, diseases, latrines

scholarly journals Assessment of Extension Officers Contribution to Cocoa Production in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
O.S. Oke ◽  
M.O. Nosiru ◽  
A.A. Ogunbela ◽  
J.T. Marizu ◽  
M.O. Lawah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study was carried out to evaluate the extension officer contribution to cocoa production in Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used, where two hundred and sixteen questionnaires were distributed in Osun and Ondo state , the information gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistic such as; frequency and percentage, while chi-square analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. From the results, married (77.6%),  male (84.0%), secondary school holders (52.0%), between 40-49 (34.4%) years old farmers were seen as the highest cocoa producers. Extension training(64.0%), commercial agents(64.0%), fellowship(52.8%), self observation(76.0%) were the best source of information on extension service of cocoa farming , most respondents (65.0%); get extension training programme at regular basis, identified Constraints facing cocoa production in the study area includes deficient credit facilities, high cost of labour, bad road, poor marketing/storage facilities, lack of technical knowledge / assess to technical tools and so on. in view of afore mentioned result it is therefore recommended that the government should make loan available to the cocoa famers at very low interest rate and urge cocoa farmers to form cooperative society, strengthen their agricultural extension agents so that they will be able to rain cocoa farmers on the basic things they should know about primary processing such as fermentation and drying of cocoa beans in improving the quality in Nigeria to meet international market. Keywords: Assessment, Extension officer, Contribution, Farmers, Cocoa production

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