scholarly journals Biochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Properties of Citrus Juice from Lemon (Citrus limon), Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) as Influenced by Degree of Ripening

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Olusegun O. Ogundele ◽  
Mathew K. Bolade
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Juice Yield ◽  
Citrus Juices

The influence of degree of ripening (unripe, half-ripe and ripe) of citrus fruits (lemon, lime and grapefruit) on the biochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential of their juices was investigated. The juice yield from the citrus fruits was affected by the level of ripening as the highest juice yield was obtained when the fruits were at ripe stage giving 25.2 mL/100 g (lemon), 43.3 mL/100 g (lime), and 21.1 mL/100 g (grapefruit). The biochemical characteristics of the citrus juices revealed that the pH values were generally increasing with an increasing level of ripening particularly for lime and grapefruit while the pH of lemon juice was decreasing with an increase in the degree of ripening. The lowest pH values exhibited by the citrus fruits were 2.87 (ripe lemon), 2.16 (unripe lime), and 3.27 (unripe grapefruits). The total acidity of the citrus juices essentially exhibited an inverse relationship with their corresponding pH values. The highest ascorbic acid contents of the juices were 51.3 g/100mL (unripe lemon), 38.9 g/100mL (unripe lime), and 44.7 g/100mL (unripe grapefruit) while the highest total phenolic contents were 722 µg GAE/mL (unripe lemon), 207 µg GAE/mL (unripe lime), and 646 µg GAE/mL (unripe grapefruit); indicating a significant impact of degree of ripening on the parameters. The antioxidant activity of the citrus juices using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay revealed a significant influence of degree of ripening and juice volume on the activity. The percent inhibition of DPPH free radical by the juices was generally higher at an unripe stage of fruit maturity as well at greater juice volume. The ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of the citrus juices was also influenced by the level of ripening of the fruit. The FRAP values were generally higher at unripe stage which were 3.72 µ mol Fe(II)/g (unripe lemon), 4.98 µ mol Fe(II)/g (unripe lime) and 9.53 µmolFe(II)/g (unripe grapefruit).

Strong antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of aqueous extract from Algerian Hammada elegans (Bge.) Botsch (Chenopodiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Asseli ◽  
Reguia Mahfoudi ◽  
Amar Djeridane ◽  
Mohamed Yousfi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vitro Assay

Background: Research on medicinal plant antioxidants has emerged as a potential therapeutic to prevent free radical generated damage in the human body. Hammada elegans Botsch (popularly known as “Ajram”) is a xerophytic plant widely found in Laghouat region, but there are only a few reports about the biological or chemical properties of these species. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and the antihemolytic activities of hexanic, acetonic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Algerian Hammada elegans Botsch by employing different in vitro assay systems. Methods: The total phenolic content, the flavonoid content and the condensed tannin amount were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin assays, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by CUPRAC, iron chelating, ABTS•+and antihemolytic assays, and was expressed as EC50 values. Results: Among the analyzed extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. Also, this extract displayed the highest antioxidant capacities compared to the other extracts and standards. Its EC50 value for ABTS radical-scavenging activity was 0.265 ± 0.003 mg/L. Moreover, this extract showed high iron (II) chelating ability (EC50 = 0.958 ± 0.001 mg/L), and good antioxidant activity in the cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC) in a concentration dependent manner (EC50 were 0.709 ± 0.002 mg/L). Additionally, this extract had the best antihemolytic activity against AAPH-induced hemolysis (EC50=0.090 ± 0.004 mg/L). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the aqueous extract of Hammada elegans Botsch, is a potential source of antioxidants which possess a high protective effect of membrane against free radical.

scholarly journals Analysis of bioactive pigments in coloured callus of Azadirachta indica for possible use as functional natural colourants

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmilla Ashokhan ◽  
Sujatha Ramasamy ◽  
Saiful Anuar Karsani ◽  
Rashidi Othman ◽  
Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Green Callus

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the content of bioactive pigments in coloured callus of Azadirachta indica and to understand the correlation between the callus colours with their bioactive constituents, antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity. These assessments will yield valuable insight into the use of in vitro-derived pigments for possible use as functional natural colourants. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors have successfully developed a protocol to produce leaf-derived callus of various colours with enhanced content of bioactive pigments in A. indica through plant tissue culture. Comparative analysis of the pigments content (chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolics and anthocyanins) in the coloured callus was conducted, followed by evaluation of its bioactive properties. The antioxidant properties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cytotox activities of the coloured callus extracts were also reported. Findings Callus of various colours were successfully produced in A. indica through plant tissue culture, and their valuable pigment content and bioactivity were evaluated. The green callus contained the highest amount of anthocyanin, followed by brown and cream callus. The total anthocyanin contents in both the green and brown callus was more than two-fold higher than that in cream callus. Contrasting observation was obtained for total phenolic content (TPC), where the TPC of cream callus was significantly higher than that in brown callus. Nevertheless, the green callus also exhibited the highest TPC. Green callus also contained the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoid, as well as exhibited the highest antioxidant potential, and was found to be the only extract with active cytotox activity against SKOV-3 cells. Correlation analysis revealed that the excellent bioactivity exhibited by the coloured extracts was strongly correlated with the bioactive pigments present in the callus. Research limitations/implications The major bioactive compounds identified in the methanolic extracts of A. indica coloured callus are anthocyanins, phenolics, chlorophylls and carotenoids. Future research work should include improvements in the extraction and identification methods, which may lead to detection and determination of other compounds that could attribute to its bioactivity, to complement the findings of the current study. Practical implications This analysis provides valuable information on the application of plant tissue culture as an alternative source for sustainable production of major pigments with medicinal benefits in A. indica for possible use as functional natural colourants. Originality/value A comparative study on bioactive pigment production in coloured callus from A. indica leaves and its antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity is original. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report detailing a comparative evaluation on the production of coloured callus in A. indica and its relative biochemical composition and bioactive properties.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential, Antinutrients, Mineral Composition and FTIR Spectra of Legumes Fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barinderjeet Singh Toor ◽  
Amarjeet Kaur ◽  
Param Pal Sahota ◽  
Jaspreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Research background. Legumes are superior sources of macro- and micronutrients which can be further enhanced by fermentation. This can assist in addressing the food security concerns. The present study aims to determine the effect of fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus on nutritional and antinutritional composition of some commonly consumed legumes. Experimental approach. Chickpea (kabuli and desi), pigeon pea, and soybean were fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus (at 34 °C for 52 h), dried at 45 ºC for 16-18 h and milled. Unfermented and fermented flours were evaluated for antioxidant potential, phenolic composition, antinutrients, mineral composition and FTIR spectra. Results and conclusions. Fermentation significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant properties (radical scavenging activity, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power and metal chelation) of chickpea kabuli and desi, and soybean. Although fermented pigeon pea exhibited excellent antioxidant properties, the effect of fermentation on such properties was either minimal or insignificant. Additionally, specific phenolics were quantified using HPLC which showed higher concentration of certain compounds such as chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and vanillic acid in fermented legumes. Phytic acid in all the fermented legumes reduced (p<0.05), however trypsin inhibition increased (p<0.05). In chickpea kabuli and desi, and pigeon pea, saponins increased (p<0.05) while they decreased in soybean. Tannins enhanced (p<0.05) in chickpea desi, pigeon pea and soybean and reduced (p<0.05) in chickpea kabuli. Furthermore, fermentation enhanced the content as well as estimated bioavailability of minerals. FTIR spectrum of unfermented and fermented legumes showed the presence of several functional groups and modifications in the molecular structure after fermentation. Novelty and scientific contribution. To our knowledge, this is the first study wherein legume (chickpea kabuli and desi, pigeon pea and soybean) fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus has been assessed for nutritional and antinutritional profile, and FTIR spectra, which concluded that the treatment resulted in an optimal balance of nutrients and antinutrients. The process was established as a potential tool and thus can be proposed in the development of legume based novel functional foods which might help in tackling the concerns of nutritional security.

Features, Pharmacological chemistry, molecular mechanism and health benefits of Lemon

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitika Singh ◽  
Nagesndra Sastry Yarla ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Medicinal Uses

Background: Citrus limon, a Mediterranean-grown citrus species of plants belonging to the Rutaceae family, occupies a place of an impressive range of food and medicinal uses with considerable value in the economy of the fruit of the country. Citrus fruits are economically important with a large-scale production of both the fresh fruits and industrially processed products. The extracts and phytochemicals obtained from all parts of C. limon have shown immense therapeutic potential because of their anticancer, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory nature and also serve as an important ingredient in the formulation of several ethnic herbal medicines. These properties are mediated by the presence of different phytochemicals, vitamins and nutrients in the citrus fruits. Material and Methods: The methods involve in preparation of the present article included the collection of information from various scientific databases, indexed periodicals, and search engines such as Medline Scopus google scholar PubMed, PubMed central web of science, and science direct etc. Results: This communication presents an updated account of different pharmacological aspects of C. limon associated with its anti-oxidative, antiulcer, antihelmintic, insecticidal, anticancer, cytotoxic, and estrogenic activities. In addition, C. limon extracts possess hepatoprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, and antimicrobial properties. The present article includes the structure and function of different key chemical constituents from different parts of C. limon. Also, the possible molecular mechanisms of actions of bioactive compounds from C. limon are displayed. Conclusion: The traditional and ethno-medicinal literature revealed that C. limon is very effective in different pathologies. Most of these compounds possessing antioxidant properties would be implicated in offering health benefits by acting as potential nutraceuticals to humans with special reference to disease management of health and disease.

scholarly journals Profiling of Phenolic Compounds Composition, Morphological Traits, and Antioxidant Activity of Miscanthus sacchariflorus L. Accessions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Erik J. Sacks ◽  
Seung Hyun Kim ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Ill Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Positive Correlations

Miscanthus sacchariflorus is a potential source of sustainable biofuel and other bioactive compounds. The high adaptive range of M. sacchariflorus may cause variation in its morphological traits and phytochemical composition. Although some metabolites have been reported from M. sacchariflorus, little is known about its phenolic compound composition and antioxidant or oxidant properties. This study evaluated the morphological traits, antioxidant properties, and phenolic compound profile of M. sacchariflorus collected from various regions of China, Korea, Japan, and Russia. The antioxidant potential of the leaf extracts of various accessions of M. sacchariflorus was estimated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and 2,2′-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS). An extensive study of the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of M. sacchariflorus obtained from different locations in four different countries could provide a comprehensive catalogue of the phytoconstituents and antioxidant properties of M. sacchariflorus accessions to consumers and nutraceutical industries. A total of 22 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, among which p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vitexin, and luteolin were the most dominant phytochemical compounds detected in the majority of the accessions. The antioxidant potential (DPPH) of the leaf extracts of all of the accessions ranged from 28.85 ± 1.53 µg mL−1 in MS-447 to 99.25 ± 1.63 µg mL−1 in MS-190. The antioxidant properties (ABTS) of the leaf extracts of all accessions ranged from 25.65 ± 2.06 in MS-258 to 83.62 ± 2.02 in MS-271. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant and positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content varied widely among M. sacchariflorus accessions from the four geographical study regions. A strong and positive association was observed between DPPH with total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Moderately positive correlations were observed between DPPH scavenging activity with gentisic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and quercetin (r = 0.385, r = 0.379, r = 0.362, r = 0.353, r = 0.490, and r = 0.372, respectively), suggesting that phenolic compounds are major contributors to the antioxidant potential of M. sacchariflorus. Thirty-two accessions collected from four different countries (China, Korea, Japan, and Russia) were characterized for 17 quantitative morphological traits. A wide range of diversity was observed in the morphological traits, with plant height ranging from 18.00 ± 1.00 cm to 163.20 ± 4.00 cm. Plant height was significantly correlated with biomass yield (fresh weight; r = 0.439, p < 0.05) and also had moderately positive correlations with culm length (r = 0.356, p < 0.05). Culm length was moderately correlated with the biomass yield fresh weight (r = 0.419*, p < 0.05) and the biomass yield dry weight (r = 0.425*, p < 0.05); however, it exhibited weak and negative correlations with compressed plant circumference (CCirc) (r = −0.374, p < 0.05) and total culm node number (TCmN) (r = −0.440, p < 0.05). Principal components analysis was performed to assess the variation in 17 morphological traits in 32 accessions of M. sacchariflorus. The first two principal components explained 51.24% of the morphological variations. A dendrogram generated from unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering based on morphological characters was not found to be consistent with another dendrogram based on phytochemicals. In both cases, the number of studied accessions collected from different geographical regions grouped into two major groups. However, no clear correlation between these two different approaches was found. The substantial variation in the morphological traits, bioactive properties, and phenolic compounds among the accessions may provide useful information for breeding programs attempting to obtain M. sacchariflorus varieties with improved phenolic compounds traits and improved bioactive properties.

scholarly journals Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Biochemical characteristics of Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
İlknur Ak ◽  
Gülen Türker
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ulva Rigida ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

In this study, the antioxidant activities and biochemical characteristics of Ulva rigida (Ulvophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae) were determined. The extracts from two seaweed species were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method, their total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, through Folin–Ciocalteu, Quettier-Deleu, and Price methods, respectively. The extracts of two seaweeds showed a low free radical scavenging capacity in comparison with commercial antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), and vitamin C. The extract of U. rigida demonstrated greater antioxidant potential with a low IC50 (3.76±0.02 mg/g Ext.). The total phenolic contents were ranged from 2.21±0.08 (U. rigida) to 8.59±0.62 (A. platensis) mg GAE/g of extract. The highest flavonoid content was found in A. platensis as 22.70±0.65 mg rutin/g of extract. The contents of condensed tannin were measured 3.01±0.11 mg CE/g of extract for A. platensis and 3.76±0.06 mg CE/g of extract for U. rigida. According to results obtained, U. rigida and A. maxima possess antioxidant activity and could be used in for future applications in medicine, functional foods, and agriculture.

scholarly journals Phenolic content, antioxidant activities and stimulatory roles of citrus fruits on some lactic acid bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhan Irkin ◽  
Serap Dogan ◽  
Nurcan Degirmencioglu ◽  
Mehmet Diken ◽  
Metin Guldas
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Fruit Samples

In this study, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in citrus fruits and their peels were determined, and their stimulatory roles on some lactic acid bacteria were investigated. Phenolic compounds in citrus fruits such as mandarin, lemon, orange and grapefruit were determined either in the juices or in the peel extracts. Total phenolic content was determined in a spectrophotometer at 685 nm using the adapted Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid content was measured using LC/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The effects of the fruit juices and peel extracts on the selected lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B5448, Lb. casei NRRL B1922, Lb. acidophilus NRRL B4495) were investigated. The tested lactic acid bacteria were significantly affected by chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, naringin and caffeic acid compared to the control samples (P?0.05). Antioxidant properties of fruit samples were also measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The phenolics positively affected the metabolism of bacteria, with the stimulatory effects of the assayed samples being influenced by the phenolic profile.

scholarly journals Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Fruit, Seed, and Bark Extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum DC

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Phuyal ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha ◽  
Pankaj Prasad Raturi ◽  
Sangeeta Rajbhandary
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Wild Fruits

Natural antioxidants present in several medicinal plants are responsible for inhibiting the harmful effects of oxidative stress. These plants contain polyphenols and flavonoids that act as free radical scavengers and reduce oxidative stress and may be an alternative remedy to cure various harmful human diseases. This study aims to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of fruits, seeds, and bark of an important medicinal and aromatic plant, Zanthoxylum armatum collected from wild and cultivated populations in Nepal. TPC was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as standard, and various concentrations of the extract solutions were measured at 760 nm. TFC was calculated by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Quercetin was used as standard, and the absorbance was measured at 510 nm. The antioxidant potential of the different extracts was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and the absorbance was measured at 517 nm. The highest TPC value was 226.3 ± 1.14 mg GAE/g in wild fruits, and the lowest was 137.72 ± 4.21 mg GAE/g in cultivated seeds. Similarly, the highest TFC value was 135.17 ± 2.02 mg QE/g in cultivated fruits, and the lowest was 76.58 ± 4.18 mg QE/g in cultivated seeds. The extracts showed variable antioxidant properties. The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 40.62 μg/mL and 45.62 μg/mL for cultivated and wild fruits, respectively. Similarly, the IC50 values of the bark were 63.39 μg/mL and 67.82 μg/mL, respectively, for cultivated and wild samples. And the least antioxidant capacity was shown by the seeds extract with IC50 values of 86.75 μg/mL and 94.49 μg/mL for wild and cultivated seeds, respectively. The IC50 value of the standard ascorbic acid was 36.22 μg/mL. Different extracts of Z. armatum contain considerable amount of phenols and flavonoids, including antioxidant properties, suggesting the potential use of this species in pharmacy and phytotherapy as a source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Raphia Hookeri Leaf and Epicarp

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2742-2746
Author(s):  
Oluyori Peter Abimbola ◽  
Dada Adewumi Oluwasogo ◽  
Inyinbor Abosede Adejumoke
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Raphia Hookeri ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Hydrazyl Radical

The contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of several health conditions and its association with life-threatening diseases such as malaria has necessitated the search for more phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. Various parts of Raphia hookeri such as the leaves, fruit and sap have been moderately studied and applied in different areas of industry. However, the epicarp is generally discarded. The ethanolic extracts of Raphia hookeri leaf and epicarp were herein investigated for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents using spectrometric methods. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation assays were used to determine the antioxidant potential of the extracts. The recorded Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of both extracts are comparable while the Total Flavonoid Content of the leaf extract is higher. Consequently, the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was higher. Although the antioxidant potential of the leaf is higher (351.170±22.950 mg/g RE), the comparable TPC and the antioxidant activity exhibited by Raphia hookeri epicarp extract projects it as a rich phytochemical bio-resourse which may have future relevance in the pharmaceutical industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document