scholarly journals The Effects of Pre-germination Treatments on Seed Germination and Growth of Wild Guavas in the Kingdom of Eswatini, Southern Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Thulani Sikhondze ◽  
Kwanele A. Nxumalo ◽  
Michael T. Masarirambi ◽  
Paul K. Wahome ◽  
Mathole G. Zwane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Poor Seed

Dormancy is a condition where seeds will not germinate even when the environmental conditions (water, temperature and aeration) are permissive for germination. Wild guavas (Psidium guajava L.) are very popular in all agro-ecological zones of Eswatini. Farmers have shown an interest towards guava cultivation but have to cope with the shortage of quality propagation material. The demand is not fulfilled because of unavailability of superior seedling rootstocks, which might be due to poor seed germination and seedling growth. Nevertheless, it has been reported that guava seeds exhibited seed dormancy, which affects their growth and development. The experiment was carried out to study effects of different pre-germination methods on seed germination of guava. The study was conducted at the University of Eswatini, Luyengo Campus. The objective of the study was to get maximum germination of guava seeds in as short a time as possible. Four methods were used i.e.,  soaking in distilled water for five days at room temperature, soaking in hot water at 80ºC for three minutes, subjecting seeds to heat at 80ºC in oven for six minutes and soaking in 20% dilute sulphuric acid for three minutes. All these treatments significantly decreased days to germination of seeds compared with the control. Among the methods, treatment of guava seeds with 20% dilute sulphuric acid for three minutes was judged best with maximum germination percentage (93.3%); lowest germination mean time was observed in seeds soaked in distilled water (31 days). Highest plant height (44 mm) and highest stem girth of (3.37 mm) were recorded from seeds soaked in sulphuric acid after 150 days of sowing. Seeds without any pre-germination treatment showed poor germination (26.7%). On the basis of the findings, it can be recommended that propagators use sulphuric acid in seed priming for higher germination, growth and development.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics and Seed Germination Improvement of Two Ecotypes of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. armatus in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kheloufi ◽  
L.M. Mansouri ◽  
B. Bouafia ◽  
Y. Khamari ◽  
H. Kheloufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Different Populations

Abstract Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. armatus is an endemic shrub of the Northern Africa. Its cultivation and domestication are very limited because of difficulty with seed germination and establishment. In this study, we investigated some plant morphological characteristics in real time and in situ (leaves, fruit and seeds) of different ecotypes of A. armatus, collected from two sites in Algeria (Arid Steppe of Aïn Naga and Condorcet Mountain), which elevation and climate data are very different. Moreover, the role played by the seed coat in seed dormancy of these two different populations was tested by the effects of the pretreatment and its duration on the performance of seed germination, by considering the final germination percentage (FGP) and the mean germination time (MGT). These parameters are estimated for 10 days in Petri dishes and stored in darkness at (25°C). Pre-sowing treatments included immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 30, 60 and 90 min, and immersion in hot water (100°C) for 10 min. Statistical analysis showed that the treatment and the ecotypes effects on both FGP and MGT were highly significant (p< 0.0001). Untreated seeds of both ecotypes of A. armatus failed to germinate (except for a few of Condorcet Mountain ecotypes). For both populations, the most effective treatment was immersion in sulphuric acid for 60 min for the ecotype of Arid Steppe of Aïn Naga, and only 30 min for Condorcet Mountain. An excellent germinative strength is characterized by a higher FGP and a reduced MGT. The morphological characteristic and seed germination could be attributed to intraspecific variations resulting from the natural selection of the same species.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Priming Methods on Germination of Sweet Dattock (Detarium microcarpum) and Indian Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) in Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
S. A. Ambursa ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
A. Tijjani ◽  
H. Y. Sanda ◽  
M. M. Hamidat
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Indian Jujube

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different methods of seed pre-treatment on germination of two indigenous tree species, Sweet dattock and Indian jujube (Detarium microcarpum and Ziziphus mauritiana). The experiment is carried out at the Tree Seedlings Nursery of Faculty of Agriculture, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aleiro. Treatments consisted of Boiled water (100ºC) for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes; three levels of diluted sulphuric acid (H2S04) soaking time for 10minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes; Seed scarification and control. The treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications per treatment. Results revealed that the seed of Sweet dattock (Detarium microcarpum) soaked in hot water at 1000 C for 30 minutes exhibited the best germination percentage (100.00±0.00) within four (96 hours) days. This is followed by hot water treatment for 10 minutes and sulphuric acid treatment for 20 minutes which gave the same germination percentage of 93.33±11.54 within 4 (96 hours) days. The seeds under control treatment gave the least germination percentage of 86.67±11.54 and took a longer period to germinate (eleven days.) Indian jujube (Ziziphus maurtiana) seeds on the other hand, gave the highest germination percentage (93.33±5.77) with scarification, followed by soaking in hot water for 30minutes (46.57±11.54), while the lowest germination percentage was recorded for seeds in the untreated control (3.33±5.77). Based on the result, pre-treatment of Sweet dattock (Detarium microcarpum) seed with hot water at 1000 C for 30 minutes and scarification of Indian jujube (Ziziphus maurtiana) seed is recommended for effective germination.

scholarly journals Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Siaka Dembélé ◽  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Adama Coulibaly ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Jonathan P. Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

scholarly journals The Effect of Priming Treatments on Germination and Seedling Performance of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Seed Lots

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Eren OZDEN ◽  
Ibrahim DEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Percent Relative Humidity ◽  
Purslane Seed

This study was conducted to test the effect of a priming combination on the seed germination percentage and seedling emergence performance of purslane under climate chamber and field conditions. Four purslane seed lots were treated according five different methods, which were T1: Seeds kept at a hundred percent relative humidity for four hours at 20 °C; T2: Seeds kept at a hundred percent relative humidity for four hours at 20 °C, and then soaked in distilled water for 8 hours at 5 °C; T3: Seeds kept at a hundred percent relative humidity for four hours at 20 °C, and then soaked in distilled water for 8 hours at 20 °C; T4: Seeds soaked in distilled water for 8 hours at 5 °C; T5: Seeds soaked in distilled water for 8 hours at 20 °C; and C: Control (untreated). Seed germination was calculated for 14 days at 20 °C, seedling emergence percentages were calculated in the climatically-controlled chamber for 21 days at 22 °C, and in the field for 35 days at 15-25 °C. The highest seed germination (94%) and seedling emergence in the climatically-controlled chamber (87%) and field (82%) were obtained from seeds that had been kept at a hundred percent relative humidity for four hours at 20 °C, then soaked in distilled water for eight hours at 5 °C. Results indicated that farm-priming, can be an efficient priming method in purslane seeds.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous plant extracts and inorganic fertilizer on the germination, growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanayo Chukwuka ◽  
Maxwell Obiakara ◽  
Israel Ogunsumi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Screen house experiments were carried out to examine the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Ti) and Vernonia amygdalina (Ve), as well as NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) on the germination, growth and development of maize. Fresh leaves were collected, washed with tap water, chopped and pounded, soaked in distilled water and filtered. The two filtrates were used to prepare extracts at 50 and 100% w/v. Four maize seeds were placed in Petri dishes laid out in a completely randomized design with five replicates. In every Petri dish 10 ml of extract per treatment was added. A control experiment with distilled water was also set up. Also, in a completely randomized design with four replicates, 4-week-old potted maize plants were treated with 500 ml of each extract as well as with 1.52 g of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that the germination percentage of the seeds followed the order Ti50 - Control - Ve50. The seeds treated with aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia and V. amygdalina at 100% w/v produced lower but equal germination percentage. The seedling radicle growth was significantly inhibited by the aqueous extracts of Ti100, Ve50 and Ve100 (p?0.05). The inhibition was dose-dependent and more pronounced in seeds treated with extracts of V. amygdalina. The aqueous extract of T. diversifolia (50% w/v) and control influenced radicle growth substantially. All the extracts inhibited the plumule development compared to the control. On the other hand, growth, development and yield were not significantly affected by the plant extracts.

Effect of Priming Techniques on Seed Germination Characteristics of C. Maxima Duch

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Dong Sun ◽  
Xin Zheng Li ◽  
He Lian Yang ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Successful Technique

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming techniques on germination characteristics of C. maxima Duch. cultivar (Beiguan). Treatments were combinations of 3 levels of priming (distilled water, NaCl and PEG6000) and non-priming (control) with 3 replications. Concentrations of NaCl solution were 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol•L-1, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, respectively. Seeds were primed using the above priming materials for 24 hours at 20°C in the dark, respectively. The results showed that different priming techniques could have various effects on germination of Beiguan seeds. Hydropriming (distilled water), NaCl priming and PEG6000 priming (10%) all improved the germination characteristics of Beiguan, compared to the control. NaCl priming was more effective than hydropriming and PEG6000 priming and was the most successful technique in this study. These findings indicated that seed priming techniques could accelerate germination process and were simple and cheap, we should propose these methods to farmers.

Effect of salinity and temperature on seed germination in Limonium cossonianum

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Giménez Luque ◽  
Isabel C. Delgado Fernández ◽  
Francisco Gómez Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ornamental Species

Limonium cossonianum Kuntze is an interesting endemic plant in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands that can be used in wetland restoration and as an ornamental species in saline areas. Experiments were carried out to investigate seed germination responses in L. cossonianum at different levels of salinity (0, 100, 200, and 400 mmol/L NaCl) and under different temperature regimes (20/10, 25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 °C, day/night), both in a 14 h light – 10 h dark photoperiod. Seed germination in L. cossonianum was significantly affected by salinity levels, temperature, and the interaction of both parameters. Maximum germination was recorded in the lowest saline media (100 mmol/L NaCl) and distilled water (0 mmol/L NaCl) at 20/10 °C. No seeds germinated in concentrations above 200 mmol/L NaCl at the higher temperatures. The increase in salinity delayed the beginning and end of germination, reduced final germination percentage, and increased mean time to germination. The rate of germination decreased with an increase in salinity and temperature.

scholarly journals GERMINATION OF THREE WILDFLOWER SPECIES AFTER SEED PRIMING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087f-1087
Author(s):  
G. B. McClure ◽  
F. J. Sundstrom ◽  
N. S. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Wildflower species are being used for highway median vegetation, land restoration programs, and revegetation of industrial sites. Rapid, uniform germination is critical to establishment of new stands Seed priming techniques may increase the potential for successful establishment under adverse environmental conditions. The influence of seed priming of Gaillardia puchella, Monarda citriodora, and Coreopsis tinctoria on germination at 10° and 25° C was investigated. Seeds of the three species were placed in five levels of oxygenated KNO3 (3.5, 3.25, 3.0, 2.75, and 2.5%) solutions, or a control of oxygenated distilled water for 144 hr. Germination percentage and rate of germination (MRG) were improved for Gaillardia and Coreopsis at 10° and 25°C. Germination percentage and MRG for Monarda were not effected by priming at 25°C, but both were significantly improved at 10°C, The optimum concentration of KNO3 for greatest rapid germination was dependent on the seed variety, These results suggest that in most cases wildflower germination percentage and rates ware improved by the priming procedure.

scholarly journals Petroleum Ether Separation and Seedcoat Removal Enhance Seed Germination of a Casuarina equisetifolia L. × C. glauca Sieb. ex Spreng Hybrid

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-773
Author(s):  
Xiuli Shen ◽  
William S. Castle ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Casuarina Cunninghamiana ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Empty Seeds

Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. is an introduced species to Florida that has potential as a windbreak plant to help manage canker in citrus groves; however, only Florida sources can be used for that purpose. Local sources of Casuarina are generally adequate seed producers, but germination percentages are frequently poor. Thus, the causes of low seed germination and methods to improve germination were investigated using C. cunninghamiana and a local hybrid (C. equisetifolia L. × C. glauca Sieb. ex Spreng.). Seeds of the hybrid were larger and heavier (88 mg/100 seeds) than those of C. cunninghamiana (mean wt. 67 mg/100 seeds). Shrunken, insect-damaged, and empty seeds, present in all unsorted seed lots, were responsible for poor seed germination of the four seed sources studied. Petroleum ether separation improved germination by dividing seeds into floaters and sinkers. The floater fraction consisted of 47.5% to 93% insect-damaged seeds compared with 9.0% to 43.5% among sinkers. More than 50% of the sinkers were filled seeds and less than 21% in floaters. No empty seeds were sinkers except for one source of C. cunninghamiana. In sorted hybrid seeds, petroleum ether separation eliminated a large proportion of ungerminable seeds (floaters) and seed germination among sinkers was faster with a higher germination percentage than floaters. Cumulative germination of hybrid seeds in a trial involving two temperatures was 23.0% for sunken seeds at 30 °C at the end of 8 weeks compared with 1% of unsorted seeds. Temperature had no significant effect on seed germination. The germination percentage of hybrid seeds with seedcoats removed was 91.0% in the first week of culture compared with only 1.2% in the first week and 12.6% seed germination at the end of 8 weeks' culture of intact seeds.

scholarly journals Tolerance of chia seeds to copper

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Raquel Stefanello ◽  
Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen ◽  
Carmine Aparecida Lenz Hister ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Distilled Water

Environmental contamination by toxic metals has become a serious problem to plants, animals, and humans. Among the toxic metals in the environment, copper (Cu) is the most important contaminant and, when in excess in water and soil, can disturb the growth and development of plants, decreasing the productivity of crops. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of chia seeds to copper. The seeds were place on paper soaked in aqueous solutions of copper at concentrations of zero (distilled water), 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg L-1. The parameters evaluated were percentage of germination, primary count, total, shoot and root length, and dry mass of the seedlings. An increase in concentration of copper in the substrate promoted a significant decrease in seed germination, growth, and dry mass of the chia seedlings. It is concluded that, during the germination phase, chia seeds moderately tolerate exposure to Cu, up to 180 mg L-1, but can be intolerant at higher concentrations.

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