Effect of Juice Extract of Beetroot, Lemon, Pawpaw Leaf and Their Combinations on Weight and Lipid Profile of Albino Wistar Rat

Fruits and vegetables have been found to contain important phytochemicals that have been implicated in preventing overweight and obesity. This study is aim at investigating the effects of lemon, pawpaw leaves, beetroots juices and their combinations on rates of urination, defecation, and weight changes of albino wistar rats were examine at interval. Also, the effects of the juice extracts on cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein where examined. Juice was extracted using a laboratory extractor. Results obtained indicates an increase in weight in groups A, B, C, D, E, F and G. But a decrease in weight was noticed in group H, which is the group administered all juice extracts at equal proportion. A reduction in the volume of urine was noticed in group A, B, C, D, F, G and H. Urine level was seen to increase in group E. The quantity of feces was observed to reduce in groups A, E, F, G and H. with the exception of groups B,C and D where the feces level was seen to increase. Cholesterol level was observed to reduce drastically in group D compared with other groups. Triglyceride level was observed to be low in group B compared with other groups. HDL level was very low in group H compared to other groups. LDL level was very low in group D compared with other groups. Group D also had a very high effect on HDL and LDL by increasing and reducing HDL and LDL respectively. This is only second to control group. The above evidences suggests that some fruit juices directly inhibits weight gain by providing the needed calories required by the body for its activity. This implies that consumption has a potential role in the prevention of overweight and obesity.

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Adiponutrin as a Marker of Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Hypertension with Overweight and Obesity

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.02.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

P. G. Kravchun ◽

◽

O. I. Kadykova ◽

U. S. Herasymchuk

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and mortality worldwide. Obesity in combination with hypertension continues to attract considerable attention from scientists. Despite the presence of experimental and clinical evidence of mutual burdening of hypertension and obesity, the mechanisms of formation of pathophysiological consequences of such a combination remain insufficiently defined. That is why in recent years an important role is given to the adiponutrin protein. The purpose of the study is to assess the nature of the relationship between adiponutrin levels and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism depending on the duration and degree of hypertension and the degree of obesity in patients with this comorbid pathology. Material and methods. The study included 107 patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of Municipal noncommercial enterprise "Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital No.27" of Kharkiv municipal council. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 58.6±9.88), who had not previously received regular antihypertensive therapy. The control group consisted of 20 age- and sex-appropriate healthy individuals. The level of adiponutrin was determined in 58 patients with hypertension of the 1st - 3rd degrees, aged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 57.5±10.11 years), while hypertension of the 1st degree was diagnosed in 12 (20.7%) patients, hypertension of the 2nd degree - in 16 (27.6%), and hypertension of the 3rd degree - in 30 (51.7%) of the examined patients. Blood pressure was measured in patients in a sitting position after 5 minutes of rest, anthropometric measurements were performed, lipid profile and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated, adiponutrin levels (pg/mL) were determined by enzyme immunoassay method using The RayBio® Adiponutrin Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Kit, (USA). Results and discussion. In all groups of patients with hypertension with overweight and obesity, adiponutrin levels were significantly elevated, and lipid and carbohydrate profiles tended to increase. Significant direct correlations were found between adiponutrine and triglycerides, with very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of a moderate nature, and draws attention with a very high body mass index. In considering the differences in adiponutrin levels depending on gender, it was found that men have higher adiponutrin levels than women. Conclusion. Thus, we have the opportunity to consider adiponutrin as a marker of metabolic disorders

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Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and in Those without Cardiovascular Event Depending on Anthropometric Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity

10.20944/preprints201908.0297.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Grzegorz Józef Nowicki ◽

Barbara Ślusarska ◽

Andrzej Prystupa ◽

Maciej Polak ◽

Maria Czubaj-Kowal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cardiovascular Event ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Antioxidative Status ◽

Total Antioxidative Status

Obesity is one of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis. This metabolic disorder is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species, which affect the oxidative stress level. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative/antioxidative status and to investigate the correlation between redox markers and anthropometric parameters and body composition in adult patients after myocardial infarction and in individuals without a cardiovascular event in the past. Descriptive data on socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric features and blood samples were collected and categorized into two equal groups: after myocardial infarction (study group (SG), n = 80) and without a cardiovascular event (control group (CG), n = 80). The oxidative/antioxidative status was assessed in plasma on the basis of total oxidative/capacitive status (PerOx), total antioxidative status/capacity (ImAnOx), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). OxLDL was significantly higher in the CG group compared to the SG group (p = 0.02). No significant differences were found with regard to PerOx and ImAnOx values between the studied groups. Significant positive correlation between PerOx and percentage of adipose tissue (FM [%]) and body adiposity index (BAI) was found in the two studied groups. ImAnOx significantly positively correlated with VAI in SG and FM% in CG. OxLDL negatively correlated with body mass index and waist to hip circumference ratio in CG. The total oxidative/antioxidative status is related to the amount of adipose tissue and the BAI of the subjects. It was observed that it correlates more frequently with the visceral distribution of body fat.

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Changes in hormonal and metabolic status in men of an ethnic group Komi with overweight and obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/2071-8713-4821 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

L V Osadchuk ◽

N V Gutorova ◽

A Yu Ludinina ◽

N N Potolitsyna ◽

E R Bojko

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Komi Republic ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Reproductive Hormone ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Thyrotrophic Hormone

The aim of this study was to compare hormonal, anthropometric and metabolic parameters in men of the komi ethnic group with (n=23, BMI ≥25 kg/м2) or without (n=39, 18.4≤BMI 25 kg/м2) obesity. Totally 62 males living in Komi Republic were included in the study. It has been established that obesity was accompanied by an increase in serum concentrations of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison with control group indicating metabolic disturbance. The data shows the significant effect of BMI on testosterone and FSH serum concentration, but not on LH, estradiol, thyrotrophic hormone, thyroxin and triiodthyronin levels. Overweight and obese men had lower circulating testosterone and higher FSH level in comparison with the controls. The reproductive hormone changes in overweight and obese men can result in deleterious effects on sexual functions including erectile dysfunction, reduced libido and alteration in spermatogenesis

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Overfeeding-Induced Obesity Could Cause Potential Immuno-Physiological Disorders in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1499

Author(s):

HyeongJin Roh ◽

Jiyeon Park ◽

Ahran Kim ◽

Nameun Kim ◽

Yoonhang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fish Farming ◽

The Body ◽

Fish Nutrition ◽

Control Group ◽

Hepatosomatic Index ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

High Lipid

Although over-nutrition from overfeeding-induced obesity is known to be highly associated with metabolic and immunological disorders in humans, little is known about overfeeding-induced obesity in fish farming. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in immuno-physiological parameters, to better understand the potential risk of overfeeding–induced obesity in fish. Commercial feed was provided to fish in the overfed group until they refuse to eat, but fish in the control group was fed with the feed at 1% bodyweight per day. The hemato-serological, histological, and immunological changes were observed at weeks 2 and 8. Rainbow trout leukocytes were co-incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and the phagocytes engulfing the OxLDL and the presence of apoptotic cells were evaluated. The body weight, body mass index (BMI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) index were significantly higher in the overfed group, and high lipid accumulation and fatty changes were also observed in their livers, indicating that the feeding regime used in this study led to overfeeding-induced obesity. Likewise, much higher numbers of and larger vacuoles were observed in overfed fish macrophages, showing unclear boundaries between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In the overfed group, the expression of IL-10, HSP70, TLR2, and CD36 was significantly higher, and lymphocyte apoptosis was more evident, indicating that overfeeding-induced obese fish might have immunologic disorders. This was the first study to demonstrate that overfeeding-induced obesity could cause an immune-physiological imbalance in rainbow trout, making them more vulnerable to infectious diseases and various stressful conditions. This study will contribute to improvements in fish nutrition, feeding practices, fish nutrition, and disease prevention in the aquaculture industry.

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The Hypolipidemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i730254 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

E. B. Umoren ◽

J. F. Ekpenyong ◽

O. E. Oyama ◽

A. O. Obembe

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Low Density ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Aim of the Study: This study was undertaken to ascertain if Hibiscus sabdariffa extract can affect the lipid profile (Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)) levels in a paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity using albino Wistar rat as a model. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups. Group A (n=10) served as control. Group B (n=10) was administered paracetamol only at a dose of 750 mg/kg body weight. Group C (n=10) was administered paracetamol (dose 750 mg/kg body weight) and aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (dose 10 ml/kg body weight) of the animal for 3 weeks. All animals were allowed free access to clean drinking water and normal rat chow. Results: Results of the study revealed that TC was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the paracetamol + H. sabdariffa-treated group as compared to paracetamol-treated group and control respectively. Similar trend was observed with TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c and HDL-c. However, the decrease in HDL-c was not statistically significant when compared to control. Conclusion: The presence of bioactive constituents vis; anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyvenols and free radical scavenging properties in H. sabdariffa enabled a hypolipidemic effect on the animals by lowering the levels of serum TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c despite challenge on the liver. However, it was unable to produce significant effect on HDL concentration -very important cholesterol required in high level to maintain homeostasis inside the body. This may be due to the challenge on the liver as a result of the paracetamol abuse.

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Adipokines, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Lean, Overweight, and Obese Portuguese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/142097 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria João Neuparth ◽

Jorge Brandão Proença ◽

Alice Santos-Silva ◽

Susana Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Patients ◽

And Control

Aim. Our aim was to study how different BMI scores may influence the levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, adipogenesis, glucose, and lipid metabolism, in lean, overweight, and obese Portuguese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. We studied 28 lean, 38 overweight, and 17 obese patients with T2DM and 20 controls (gender and age matched). The circulating levels of oxLDL, CRP, and some adipokines—adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin—and the lipid profile were evaluated. Results. Obese patients presented significantly lower levels of adiponectin and higher leptin, oxLDL, and chemerin levels, as compared to the overweight, lean, and control groups. Overweight, compared to lean and control, subjects showed significantly lower adiponectin and higher leptin and chemerin levels; oxLDL values were significantly higher in overweight than in lean patients. Lean patients presented significantly higher chemerin values than the control. Obese patients presented significantly higher CRP values, as compared to lean patients and the control group. Obese and overweight patients presented significantly higher triglycerides values than lean patients. Except for CRP, all the observed significant changes between control and patients remained significant after statistical adjustment for the body mass index (BMI). Conclusion. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, oxLDL, CRP, and triglycerides in patients with T2DM seem to be more associated with obesity and less with diabetes. Chemerin levels were raised in lean, overweight, and obese patients, suggesting that, independently of BMI, an adipocyte dysfunction occurs. Moreover, chemerin may provide an important early biomarker of adipocyte dysfunction and a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Thymoquinone Protects Neurons in the Cerebellum of Rats through Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Following High-Fat Diet Supplementation

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Aziza Alrafiah

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Neuronal Damage ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat

High-fat diet (HFD) is a major problem causing neuronal damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) could regulate oxidative stress and the inflammatory process. Hence, the present study elucidated the significant role of TQ on oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as morphological changes in the cerebellum of rats with HFD. Rats were divided into three groups as (1) control, (2) saturated HFD for eight weeks and (3) HFD supplementation (four weeks) followed by TQ 300 mg/kg/day treated (four weeks). After treatment, blood samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, neuronal morphological changes were also observed in the cerebellum of the rats. HFD rats show higher body weight (286.5 ± 7.4 g) as compared with the control group (224.67 ± 1.78 g). TQ treatment significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the body weight (225.83 ± 13.15 g). TQ produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The antioxidative enzymes significantly reduced in HFD rats (GSH, 1.46 ± 0.36 mol/L and SOD, 99.13 ± 5.41 µmol/mL) as compared with the control group (GSH, 6.25 ± 0.36 mol/L and SOD, 159.67 ± 10.67 µmol/mL). MDA was increased significantly in HFD rats (2.05 ± 0.25 nmol/L) compared to the control group (0.695 ± 0.11 nmol/L). Surprisingly, treatment with TQ could improve the level of GSH, MDA, and SOD. TQ treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the inflammatory markers as compared with HFD alone. TQ treatment minimizes neuronal damage as well as reduces inflammation and improves antioxidant enzymes. TQ can be considered as a promising agent in preventing the neuronal morphological changes in the cerebellum of obese populations.

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Biochemical and nutritional indices as cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian firefighters

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1258/acb.2009.009026 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 385-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nazli Azabdaftari ◽

Reza Amani ◽

Mohammad Taha Jalali

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Administrative Staff ◽

Nutritional Indices ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Aim Limited cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk data are available for firefighters worldwide. This comparative study was aimed at investigating the biochemical and nutritional indices of firefighters in Iran. Materials and methods Individuals’ anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences, were measured and the percent of body fat (BF%) was also obtained. Blood sampling was done in order to determine lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) were also measured. Results The mean ages of firefighters and administrative staff were 42.45 ± 6.75 and 44.64 ± 5.83 y, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 45% and 24% in firefighters and 54% and 23% in administrative staff, respectively. High waist-to-hip and waist-to-stature ratios were detected in 26.4% and 81.3% of firefighters versus 33.3% and 89.7% of the control group, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the mean of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and FBS concentrations. The mean of Lp(a) was significantly higher among firefighters ( P<0.05). About half of the subjects in both groups had TC >5.17, TG >1.69, HDL-C <1.03 nmol/L and Lp(a) >25 mg/dL. There were no significant differences between the SBP and DBP of subjects. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the two groups. Conclusions Considering the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, high TC, TG and Lp(a) and low HDL-C concentrations among all firefighters, it seems necessary to provide fitness-promotion and nutritional education programs for the prevention of obesity-related chronic diseases such as CVD.

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Study on the Hypolipidemic Effect and Antioxidant Activity of Seabuckthorn Marc Flavonoids

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.345.292 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 345 ◽

pp. 292-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Jiao ◽

Xi Qun Zheng ◽

Xiao Lan Liu ◽

Ying Chang ◽

Zhen Yu Wang

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Hepatic Lipase ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

The hypolipidemic effect and anti-oxidative activity of seabuckthorn marc flavonoids (SMF) on hyperlipidemic rats was investigated. The rats were divided into 5 groups, including normal control group, hyperlipidemic model control group and 3 different doses of SMF groups i.e. 3.0 mg/kg·bw, 30.0 mg/kg·bw, 90mg/kg·bw, respectively. The SMF was given orally for 35 days. After the treatment, the body, fat and liver weights of rats were weighed. The content of serum total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the activity of lipid metabolism and anti-oxidative enzyme were determined. The levels of serum lipids in hyperlipidemic rats fed with SMF were significantly lower than model control group. The activities of hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), lipidase (LPS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) in liver were increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased in SMF groups. The results indicate that SMF has significantly hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant activity.

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Endoglin and obestatin levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in children aged 10–18 years

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurullah Çelik ◽

Peyami Cinaz ◽

Aysun Bideci ◽

Betül Derinkuyu ◽

Hamdi Cihan Emeksiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brachial Artery ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

And Control

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to investigate the early signs of atherosclerosis and to evaluate serum endoglin and obestatin levels as predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in obese children.Methods:A total of 95 children (60 obese and 35 controls) aged 10–18 years were included in the study. Their endoglin and obestatin levels and biochemical parameters were measured. The carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) responses were evaluated.Results:The cIMT values were higher (p < 0.001) and FMD responses were lower (p = 0.003) in the obese group than in the control group. A logistic regression multivariate analysis revealed that cIMT was independently associated with the body mass index (BMI) Z-score (β = 0.323, p = 0.003) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (β = 0.29, p = 0.008), while FMD % was independently associated with waist circumference (β = −0.36, p = 0.002). The obese and control groups were similar in endoglin (p = 0.67) and obestatin levels (p = 0.70). The endoglin level was inversely correlated with the cholesterol and LDL levels (r = −0.23, p = 0.032; rho = −0.25, p = 0.019).Conclusions:The cIMT and brachial artery FMD response in obese children are significantly different compared to healthy controls. Circulating endoglin and obestatin levels are not predictive markers for subclinical atherosclerosis in obese children aged 10–18 years old.

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