scholarly journals Effect of Hexane Extracts of Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) on Hematotoxicity Induced by Cyanide in Male Albino Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Fiyinfoluwa Demilade Ojeniyi ◽  
Adeola Folashade Ehigie ◽  
Aluko Oluwatosin Lydia ◽  
Gbadebo Emmanuel Adeleke ◽  
Leonard Ona Ehigie
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Hematological Changes

Aim: To investigate the effect of Hexane extract of Chromolaena odorata (HECO) on cyanide induced hematotoxicity in male Albino Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty-five (35) male albino rats weighing between 100g and 150g were distributed randomly into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 which comprised of normal rats received distilled water and served as the normal control, while groups 2-7 comprised of rats exposed to Potassium cyanide (KCN) (3 mg/kg). Group 2 received no treatment and served as the negative control. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg of HECO respectively. Group 6 received 200 mg/kg HECO and 200 mg/kg sodium thiosulphate while group 7 was treated with a sodium thiosulphate (200 mg/kg), an established antidote, and served as the positive control. All administrations were done via the oral route and lasted for 14 days. Complete blood count was conducted after the experimental period. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukeys multiple comparisons test and P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Results obtained indicate Red cell indices and white blood cell and differential were all significantly raised (P < .05) in treated rats relative to the negative control rats. Platelet value and Mean corpuscular volume were raised and lowered respectively during induction by the treatments, however, no statistical significance (P < .05) was observed. The results therefore suggest that C. odorata could be valuable in the management of the hematological changes induced by cyanide. Conclusion: HECO reversed the adverse hematological changes in rats induced by cyanide at 100, 150 and 200 doses, with the 200 mg dose being more effective.

scholarly journals Phytomedical Potentials of Chromolaena Odorata Against Arsenic-Induced Testicular Toxicity In Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
O.E. Ola-Davies ◽  
A.A. Oloye
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Testicular Sperm ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Group B

The testicular, sperm and endocrine protective properties of Chromolaena odorata (CA) in arsenic treated rats were investigated using forty male wistar rats (190-200g) grouped into 4 (A to D) of ten rats each. Oral administrations for 2 weeks of 0.2ml corn oil (A), 2.5mg/kg of sodium arsenite (B), 200mg/kg ethanol leaf extract (ELE) of CA (C), 200mg/kg ELE of CA and 2.5mg/kg sodium arsenite given at 1 hour interval (D) were done. Twenty-four hours after final administrations, semen, blood biochemical and hormonal analyses were carried out after sacrifice of the rats. Results revealed that Group C’s mean scrotal circumference, Left and Right testicular weights were highest across groups and significant compared to group B values (p<0.05). Group C had significantly (P<0.05) highest mean value of sperm motility across the groups just as group A was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of groups B and D. Significantly low Testosterone and high luteinizing hormone concentrations were observed in group B. It was concluded in this study that ethanol leaf extract of Chromolena odorata had a profound scrotal, testicular, sperm and endocrine protective properties in arsenic-treated wistar strain albino rats. Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, Reproductive toxicity, Arsenic, Testicular, Wistar rats

scholarly journals Bioefficiency of Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) on hematological and lipid profiles in sublethal cyanide poisoning in male wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Adeola. Folashade Ehigie ◽  
Gbadebo Emmanuel Adeleke ◽  
Fiyinfoluwa. D. Ojeniyi ◽  
Leonard Ona Ehigie
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Cyanide Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant which is acclaimed to have cyanide remediation potential from contaminated sites. This examination means to decide the impact of ethanol concentrates of C. odorata (ECO), sodium thiosulphate and a mix of both on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rodents presented to potassium cyanide. (KCN). A sum of thirty five male Wistar rats partitioned into seven groups of five units were used. KCN Group rats were administered with KCN alone. Rats in 100ECO, 150ECO, 200ECO groups were administered with 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ECO respectively. Rats under Na2sS2O3 and Na2S2O3+ECO groups were administered 200 mg/kg sodium thiosulphate and sodium thiosulphate with ECO at 200 mg/kg respectively. The trial was done in about a month. Toward the finish of the investigation, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were resolved utilizing known biochemical methodology. The outcomes demonstrated a noteworthy increment (p ? 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of remedial groups when contrasted with the cyanide group. Total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were altogether lower while HDL-cholesterol was fundamentally expanded in all the treated groups when contrasted and the untreated group given cyanide alone. However, no significant difference in LDL-cholesterol was indicated in all therapeutic groups compared with the cyanide group. The study revealed that C. odorata at the tested doses was able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nephroprotective Potential of Ethanolic Extract Premna Tomentosa (Ept) in Alcohol Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3099-3103
Author(s):  
Gomathi Priyadharsini T ◽  
Kavimani M ◽  
Sathiya Narayana Murthy S ◽  
Prabhu K ◽  
Arudyuti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes

The nephroprotective prospective of Premna tomentosa extract against Alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats was investigated in the present study. The characterization of ethanol extract of Premna tomentosa (EPT) was performed using standard phytochemical analysis. Male albino wistar rats 36 in numbers were divided into 6 groups including control, negative control, positive control and various doses of EPT Treated groups; Nephrotoxicity was induced by alcohol (1ml/100gm b.wt) in animals. Rats intoxicated with Alcohol were fed with 500, 750 mg/kg dose of EPT and Liv 52 (1ml/100gm b.wt) for 60 days. Results show that EPT (500mg/kg b.wt) had a significant effect against alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats than EPT (750mg/kg b.wt) in blood parameters and consonantly good histopathological changes in kidney. The deleterious histopathological alterations in kidney associated with glomerular and tubular changes in alcohol intoxicated rats was evident. This result shows Premna tomentosa may be used as supplementary drug for alcoholics.

IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF THE CHENOPODIUM OPULIFOLIUM TOTAL CRUDE EXTRACT IN WISTER ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Josephine Tibitondwa ◽  
Kokas Ikwap ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
Gabriel Tumwine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Group 2

Background: Chronic disease conditions like cancer, diabetes, malnutrition and HIV/AIDS compromise the immune system thus necessitating immune boasting. The use of medicinal herbs in immunomodulation is now common, albeit with limited evidence regarding efficacy. We therefore investigated the immunomodulatory activity of the total crude leaf and stem extract of Chenopodium opulifolium in mice. Materials and methods: An experimental study was conducted using four groups of rats each with 6 animals with treatments administered daily for 29 days. Group one served as the positive control and received 20mg/kg of levamisole. Group 2, the negative control received 2 ml of an olive oil and normal saline mixture. Groups 3 and 4 received 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg bwt of the total crude leaf and stem extract respectively. On the 15th day, whole blood was collected for complete blood count and delayed type hypersensitivity response determination, haemagglutination antibody titer assay was done on blood collected on the 29th day. Results: Results revealed that the extract had a significant (P< 0.05) effect on haemagglutination antibody titers with the highest response observed in the extract group at 200mg/kg (30.67±1.33). The mean WBC (3.13±0.71×103/μl), neutrophil (0.93±0.48 cells/ μl) and lymphocyte (2.20±0.00 cells/ μl) counts in the 200mg/kg bwt extract group were elevated to levels comparable to the positive control. Conclusion: The total crude extract of Chenopodium opulifolium exhibits immunomodulatory activity in a dose dependent manner. Future studies utilizing pure extracts in order to pin point to the extract mechanism responsible for Immunomodulation are required for more conclusive results.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM WEIGHT METHANOLIC EXTRACT ON ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVANI P ◽  
RAJA NAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The object of the present study, the methanolic leaf extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was examined for anti-inflammatory activity and tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were grouped into five, each group consisting of six animals, Group I (negative control) received 1 ml of saline, Group II (standard) received 10 mg/kg p. o. of indomethacin, and remaining three groups received three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p. o.) of the methanolic leaf extract after 1 h 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan injection. The result of anti-inflammatory activity was set up to be dose-dependent in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Results: The methanolic leaf extract has shown significant (p<0.001) inhibition of paw edema, 66%, 66.03%, and 69.29% on the 3rd h at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p. o., respectively. The results were expressed as the Mean±standard error of mean and statistical significance was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The methanolic leaf of Z. ovalifolium extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug indomethacin. Conclusion: Methanolic leaf extract of Z.ovalifolium showed excellent results in the anti-inflammatory experiment so, the plant can be explored as a potential medicine in suppressing inflammation.

scholarly journals Effect of Chromolaena Odorata on Hepatotoxicology and Histopathology in the Liver Induced by Salmonella Typhi in Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isirima Joshua Charles ◽  
Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Liver Changes

Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is caused by the human restricted bacterial pathogen known as Salmonella enterica serovars typhi, which is always associated with liver pathology. This study attempts to investigate the Hepatotoxicological and Histopathological changes of the liver associated with Salmonella typhi infection in Wistar rats and to examine the potential of methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata (MLECO) to reverse these adverse changes in comparison to ciprofloxacin treatment. The animals were divided into six groups: group 1 was normal control, group 2 was infected with Salmonella typhi without treatment (negative control), group 3, 4 and 5 were Salmonella typhi infected and treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the extract respectively, and group 6 was infected and treated with 500mg/70kg of ciprofloxacin. The animals were inoculated with a single contagious dose of Salmonella typhi bacteria and were subsequently treated with the graded doses of the extract and 500mg/70kg dose of ciprofloxacin for a period of fifteen days, after the animals were confirmed infected. The rats were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anesthesia and blood samples taken for liver function investigation and liver harvested and processed for histological examination. MLECO reversed the adverse hepatotoxicological and pathological changes in the liver induced by S. tyhi infection in a dose-dependent manner. This was done with the 200mg and 400mg doses being more effective at reversing liver changes than ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN HAEMOSTATIC PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS FOLLOWING REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BROWN ONION (ALLUMCEPAL.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
ZUBERU JIBRIL ◽  
SANI SANUSI
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Group I

Objective: The study investigated changes in haemostatic parameters such as; bleeding time, blood clotting time and differential platelet counts of wistar rats following repeated administration of aqueous extract of allum cepa L. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of four animals each (n=4). Group I served as normal control, Group II, group IIIand group IV were administered 25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw of the extract intra-peritoneally for two weeks, respectively. After 14 d experimental period, blood samples were collected for the determination of bleeding time, clotting time and differential platelet count. Results: The findings of this study revealed a significantly increased (p<0.05) clotting time at a dose of 25 mg/kg but showed no significant change in bleeding time and differential platelet count of all the groups. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of brown onion showed anti haemostatic effect in albino rats by increasing clotting time at a lower dose.

scholarly journals Effects of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza Leaf (Piper guineense) on Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Igwilo, Elvis Ikenna
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: For centuries, plant and plant products have played a pivotal role in medication. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of black seed (Nigella sativa) and uziza leaf (Piper guineense) on electrolytes, urea and creatinine of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were used for the study; the rats were arranged into five groups with five rats each. Sucrose and margarine were used to induce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia respectively on the rats with the exception of the rats in the positive control group.  The rats in the negative control were induced using the sucrose and margarine but were not treated using the aqueous extracts. The rats in the uziza group were treated with 2 ml of uziza aqueous leaf extract, while the rats in the black seed group were treated with 2 ml of black seed aqueous extract. The rats in the black seed & uziza leaf group were treated with 2ml of the combined aqueous extract. Results: The results showed that the extracts had a decreasing effect which was time dependent on the electrolytes. The highest decrease was obtained on the third week of feeding compared to the control (P=.05). The sodium levels (mmol/L) showed for the negative control (198.23 ± 1.96), positive control (108.15 ± 1.60), uziza leaf (98.28 ± 4.17), black seed (101.67 ± 4.24), black seed & uziza (90.83 ± 2.14).  The decrease for potassium levels (mEq/L) showed for the negative control (0.90 ± 0.06), positive control (0.05 ± 0.10), uziza leaf (0.07 ± 0.18), black seed (0.06 ± 0.19), black seed & Uziza (0.05 ± 0.10). Furthermore, the extracts also had a reducing effect on urea and creatinine levels with the highest reduction obtained on the third week (p=0.05).  The urea levels (mmol/L) showed for the negative control (26.84 ± 0.05), positive control (15.15 ± 1.20), uziza leaf (12.83 ± 0.98), black seed (12.16 ± 2.01), black seed & uziza (11.48 ± 1.78). The extracts also decreased creatinine levels (mmol/L) with the negative control (284.58 ± 0.33), positive control (182.73 ± 3.67), uziza leaf (194.16 ± 18.30), black seed (167.34 ± 14.66), black seed & uziza (174.46 ± 10.66).  Conclusion: The extracts significantly decreased the elevated electrolytes levels and therefore uziza leaf and black seed can be used to restore kidney function.

scholarly journals NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L) IN GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
KENI IDACAHYATI ◽  
LUSI NURDIANTI ◽  
SILVI SIPTANUL HUSNI ◽  
FIRMAN GUSTAMAN ◽  
WINDA TRISNA WULANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Chronic kidney disease can occur, one of which is caused by drug nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity remains major problem for its effective long-term clinical use. Gentamicin is known to cause many morphologic, metabolic and functional alterations in the kidney and the specificity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is related to its accumulation in the renal proximal convoluted tubules leading to tubular necrosis. Nephrotoxicity can be prevented by nephroprotective by giving antioxidants. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) has potential as a nephroprotective because it contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. Methods: Wistar rats as many as 25 animals were divided into five groups, namely the normal control negative control (gentamicin 60 mg/kg BW rat), and kirinyuh leaf extract at a dose of 225, 450 and 675 mg/kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test. Results: Serum creatinine was a significant difference between groups P = 0.000 (P<0.05). The results of LSD analysis on creatinine levels showed a significant difference between the normal group and the negative group (P = 0.00); negative group to dose group 1 (P = 0.020) (P<0.05); dose 2 (P = 0.005) (P<0.05); and dose 3 (P = 0.000) (P<0.05). Dose 3 had the lowest creatinine level compared to other dose groups. Conclusion: Serum creatinine level at dose 675 significantly changes compare by a negative group of other dose groups. Renal histopathology results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups.

Protective Effect of Curcumin and Chlorophyllin against DNA Mutation Induced by Cyclophosphamide or Benzo[a]pyrene

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Adel M. Elbehairy ◽  
Magdy A. Ghoneim ◽  
Hassan A. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dna Mutation

Abstract The current study was carried out to evaluate the potency of curcumin and chlorophyllin as natural antioxidants to reduce the oxidative stress markers induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P] which were used as free radical inducers. For this purpose, 126 male albino rats were used. The animals were assigned into 4 main groups: negative control group; oxidant-treated group (subdivided into two subgroups: cyclophosphamide- treated group and benzo[a]pyrene-treated group); curcumin-treated group; and chlorophyllin-treated group. Liver samples were collected after two days post the oxidant inoculation and at the end of the experimental period (10 weeks). These samples were examined for determination of liver microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration. Both CP and B(a)P caused increments in DNA fragmentation percentages, liver microsomal MDA, concentration of 8-OHdG and induced point mutation. Treatment of rats with either curcumin or chlorophyllin revealed lower DNA fragmentation percentages, liver microsomal MDA concentration, concentration of 8-OHdG and prevented induction of mutations, i. e., reversed the oxidative stress induced by CP and B(a)P and proved that they were capable of protecting rats against the oxidative damage evoked by these oxidants.

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