scholarly journals Effect of Streams of Science Studies in Eastern University, Sri Lanka on Graduation and Class of Degree

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
K. A. N. K. Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Chi Square Test

The ultimate reward of a degree program is the graduation. Class of the degree is also an aspect associated with the graduation. Both graduation and class of degree are the indicators of academic performances of a graduate. Academic achievement of a graduate is affected by many factors. Hence, graduation and class of degree of a graduate also may be dependent on the same factors. A belief is among academic community that obtaining a degree in some streams are rather difficult compared with some other. That is graduation is dependent on stream of study. This study was carried out to see whether graduation in science depends on the streams (biological, physical) of science studies in Eastern University, Sri Lanka. Further, effect of streams on class of degree also was aimed to investigate. This study was carried out by using all students in a batch, of size of 109 that recently completed studies from Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. The analysis was based on number of students who qualified for the graduation and the class of degree. Statistical techniques such as proportion test, chi square test, odds ratio, relative risk, logistic regression and ANOVA test were used for the analysis. Study reveals that graduation and class of degree is dependent on streams of science studies. Proportions of physical science students who qualified for graduation and the lowest class of degree are less than the corresponding proportions of biological science stream students. Stream for higher education should be selected carefully and action should be taken accordingly to promote the stream/subjects that students omit. Further, factors behind this variation also might be investigated.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽  
Augusto César Braz Hollanda ◽  
Marcelo Sampaio Moura ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. A total of 1,372 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed based on the quality of root filling, status of coronal restoration and presence of posts associated with apical periodontitis (AP). Data were analyzed statistically using odds ratio, confidence intervals and chi-square test. The prevalence of AP with adequate endodontic treatment was low (16.5%). This percentage dropped to 12.1% in cases with adequate root filling and adequate coronal restoration. Teeth with adequate endodontic treatment and poor coronal restoration had an AP prevalence of 27.9%. AP increased to 71.7% in teeth with poor endodontic treatment associated with poor coronal restoration. When poor endodontic treatment was combined with adequate coronal restoration, AP prevalence was 61.8%. The prevalence of AP was low when associated with high technical quality of root canal treatment. Poor coronal restoration increased the risk of AP even when endodontic treatment was adequate (OR=2.80; 95%CI=1.87-4.22). The presence of intracanal posts had no influence on AP prevalence.

Vicinity of Schools, But Not of Residences, Seems to Regulate Physical and Sports Activities of 13-Year-Old Teenagers in a South European Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magalhães ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Maria Fátima Pina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sports Activities

Background:Proximity to urban green spaces (UGS) and open sports spaces (OSS) benefits health, promotes physical activity (PA) and sports practice (SP).Objective:Analyze the association between PA or SP according to distances between UGS or OSS and teenagers’ residences or schools.Methods:We evaluated 1333 (53.9% girls) teenagers (13 years old) living and studying in Porto, Portugal (EPITeen cohort). PA was classified as light or moderate/vigorous. Distances were the shortest routes from residences or schools to UGS/OSS, and classified in ≤250 m; >250 m to ≤500 m; >500 m to ≤750 m; >750 m. Chi-square test and chi-square for trends were used to compare proportions; associations were measured using logistic regression, through odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting to BMI and parental education.Results:Regarding vicinity’ of schools, the prevalence of moderate/vigorous PA among boys, decreases as distances to OSS increases. For girls, the prevalence of sports decreases as distances to UGS increase. For boys, we found an association between moderate/vigorous PA and proximity to OSS in the vicinity of schools: considering ≤250 m as reference, the odds of moderate/vigorous PA is 0.20 (0.06–0.63) for >250 m to ≤500 m; 0.21 (0.07–0.61) for >500 m to ≤750 m and 0.19 (0.06–0.58) for >750 m.Conclusion:Vicinities of schools seem to influence teenagers to be more physically active and increase sports participation.

scholarly journals Prevalência de lesões em atletas de Brazilian jiu-jitsu: comparação entre diferentes níveis competitivos

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nelson da Silva Júnior ◽  
Rafael Lima Kons ◽  
Rodolfo André Dellagrana ◽  
Daniele Detanico
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study aimed to identify types and sites of body injury, location of injury occurrence, and the mechanism and severity of injuries in novice and advanced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. One hundred and eight BJJ athletes took part in this study separated in two groups: advanced (n = 53) and novice (n = 55). Athletes answered a questionnaire concerning regions of injury, locality of occurrence, injury severity and mechanism. Chi square test and a logistic regression analysis were used with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The main results showed that shoulders and knees were the most injury location reported by novice and advanced athletes. Novice athletes demonstrated higher prevalence of injuries during training sessions (54.5%), whereas advanced athletes reported more injuries during competitions (66.1%). Significant associations between novice and advanced athletes were observed for major joints (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of having injury was 70-87% less for novice versus advanced athletes for the major joints cited. We concluded that BJJ athletes demonstrate high prevalence of injury mainly at knee and shoulder. While risk of injury appeared less in novice, the advanced demonstrated higher number of injuries during competitions as a consequence of injured joint keys. By contrast, novice athletes reported higher number of injuries associated with training sessions as a consequence of overuse.

scholarly journals The effect of technique on tackle gainline success outcomes in elite level rugby union

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J Tierney ◽  
Karl Denvir ◽  
Garreth Farrell ◽  
Ciaran K Simms
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Chi Square Test

Tackling is a major component of rugby union and effective attacking and defensive play are essential for game outcomes. In this study, a number of pre-contact, contact and post-contact tackle characteristics that had an influence on tackle gainline success for the ball carrier and tackler were identified using match video evidence from European Rugby Champions Cup games. A total of 122 front-on tackles and 111 side-on tackles were analysed. For each ball carrier and tackler characteristic, the Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated based on a gainline success outcome. A Chi-Square and Phi and Cramer’s V calculation was also conducted. A Chi-Square test then identified any statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for proficiency characteristics between playing position. For both the ball carrier and tackler, tackle characteristics that were indicative of strong and powerful tackle technique such as ‘explosiveness on contact’ and ‘leg drive on contact’ were effective for achieving the desired gainline outcome. Playing position had an influence on only two proficiency characteristics that were statistically significant for gainline success: ‘fending into contact’ for ball carriers and ‘straight back, centre of gravity forward of support base’ for tacklers.

scholarly journals Pesticide Exposure, Behavior of Farmer, and Activity of Cholinesterase Enzyme in Blood of Fertile Women Farmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deni Abdul Rahman ◽  
Zakianis Zakianis ◽  
Laila Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Fertile Women

Fertile women farmers are risky of suffering decrease of cholinesterase activity due to pesticide exposure. This study aimed to analyze relation between pesticide exposure and the exposure agent to cholinesterase activity of fertile women workers at Kedunguter Village. This study used cross-sectional design on 94 fertile women farmers in 2015. Data was collected by observation, interview and cholinesterase test. Data analysis used chi-square test and analysis results showed a significant relation between pesticide types, working time, the use of gloves, hand-washing behavior to cholinesterase activity of fertile women farmers. Analysis results of this study showed that variable working time had the highest odds ratio (OR) score (OR = 14.072), so the variable working time is the most dominant variable in influencing cholinesterase enzyme. This study suggests that fertile women farmers should work not more than six hours per day.Pajanan Pestisida, Perilaku Petani, dan Aktivitas Enzim dalam Darah Petani Perempuan Usia SuburAbstrakPetani perempuan usia subur berisiko mengalami penurunan aktivitas kolinesterase akibat pajanan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pajanan pestisida dan perilaku pemajan terhadap aktivitas kolinesterase petani perempuan usia subur di Desa Kedunguter. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 94 petani perempuan usia subur tahun 2015. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara observasi, wawancara, dan uji kolinesterase. Analisis data menggunakan uji kai kuadrat dan hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara jenis pestisida, waktu kerja, penggunaan sarung tangan, perilaku mencuci tangan terhadap aktivitas kolinesterase petani perempuan usia subur. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel waktu kerja memiliki nilai odds ratio (OR) tertinggi, yaitu OR = 14,072 sehingga waktu kerja merupakan variabel paling dominan dalam memengaruhi enzim kolinesterase. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar petani perempuan usia subur tidak bekerja lebih dari enam jam per hari.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KEPADATAN LALAT DAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PINANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Listautin Listautin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of health problem in the world including Indonesia. The Morbidity survey undertaken by Sub-Directorate of diarrhea, Health Department from 2007 to 2010is improved. According to the data gained from Puskesmas in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017, it is found out that 5 different districs in Tanjung Pinang are the district which has the highest rate of diarrhea sufferers. The aim of this study is to find out the risk factors of the flies density and the dwelling sanitation to the occurance of diarrhea in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017. This study is quantitative study by using case control design. The sample of this study is 68 people who consists of 34 samples of case group and 34 samples of control group. This study is analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis by using chi-square test. The instruments of this study are the reviewed document, ceklist, and the measurement through fly grill. The result of analysis are found out that toilet is the main risk factor for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,519. Sewerage (SPAL) is one the risk factor of the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,361. The waste is the other risk factors for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 4,418. The flies density is the protective factor for the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 0,773.Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that it is necesarry to do the coorporation across program to optimize the noticing of information to public concerning on the importance of good dwelling sanitation and the low flies density in order to avoid from the occurance of diarrhea.Keyword : Diarrhea, Dwelling Sanitation, Flies Density

scholarly journals COVID-19 AND ATTITUDES OF GROUND-LEVEL PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF IN SRI LANKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869
Author(s):  
Pavithra Harshani Warnakulasooriya ◽  
◽  
S. Mahendra Arnold ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Regional Director ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Community Healthcare Workers

Introduction: Health care workers (HCW) face considerable mental and physical stress caring for patients with Covid-19. Their attitudes towards COVID-19 are important both in the prevention as well treatment of the disease. Aims: To assess the attitudes toward coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) among community healthcare workers at Regional Director of Health Services area Galle district, Sri Lanka. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2020 and January 2021 at the Regional Director of Health Services area Galle district, Sri Lanka. Methods and Material: All community healthcare workers who were directly involved in COVID-19 in Galle district, Sri Lanka were recruited for the study, and the data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done to describe the demographic factors and attitudes Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between the level of attitude and demographic factors. Statistical analysis used: Chi-square test. Results: Of the community health workers 71%(n=84) had a positive attitude indicating a good attitude regarding the COVID-19 prevention strategies. Nearly 91%(n=107) of the population agreed to vaccination against COVID-19. There was no statistically significant association between attitude on COVID-19 with sex, age, marital status, educational level, service period, and category of occupation. Conclusions: A majority of healthcare workers had positive attitudes toward COVID-19. Additional awareness and continuous knowledge updates are required for healthcare workers to sustain positive attitudes during the pandemic.

Issues and Challenges of Kerala University Library: An Analytical Study Based on Problems and Expectations of Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
A. Sofiya ◽  
B. Mini Devi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
University Library ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Regular Students

Kerala University Library provides various resources, services and products for its academic community. All activities in the library are centred to changing needs of users and their satisfaction. Due to the advancement of Information and communication Technology, libraries have also begun to cope with revolutionary changes in its housekeeping activities. The study examines what are the problems faced by users of Kerala University Library while accessing e- resources, what are the expectations which cater from this service oriented institution. For this purpose Structured Questionnaire based Survey method was used and data analysis done by SPSS Package, Chi Square test is used to assess the statistically significant association between services offered by the library and services get to users. The population covered under this study mainly pertaining to the research scholars and students in the library. Out of 175 distributed questionnaires, 150 were returned back with sufficient retorts consisted of 85 regular students and 65 research scholars. Which was subjected to for detailed data analysis. The result of the study revealed that there is an incongruity between the services delivered and the services offered by the library. In order to improve the quality of services in the library, in view of this study, the users in Kerala University Library have supplemented some valuable suggestions. The study also found that attitudes and perceptions in respect of Information Professionals which influences the level of utilization of resources.

Avaliação do estresse entre os enfermeiros hospitalares [Stress assement among hospital nurses] [Evaluacíon del estrés entre enfermeras del hospital]

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. e14053
Author(s):  
Neireana Florencio Vieira ◽  
Denismar Alves Nogueira ◽  
Fábio De Souza Terra
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Personnel Administration

Objetivo: avaliar o estresse entre os enfermeiros de instituições hospitalares públicas e privadas. Método: pesquisa descritiva, analítica, transversal e quantitativa. Desenvolvida com 100 enfermeiros de quatro hospitais de um município do sul de Minas Gerais. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário contendo variáveis sóciodemográficas e a Escala Bianchi de Stress. Foram realizados o testes Qui-quadrado de Person ou Exato de Fisher, com determinação de Alfa de Cronbach e odds ratio das variáveis independentes com o estresse. Projeto aprovado pelo comitê de ética da insituição, CAAE: 27795814.7.0000.5142. Resultados: encontrou-se um nível de estresse médio entre os enfermeiros, destacando nível alto em três domínios da escala: as atividades relacionadas ao funcionamento da unidade, administração de pessoal e coordenação das atividades da unidade. Conclusão: o estresse está presente entre os enfermeiros, principalmente em funções relacionadas às atividades administrativas da unidade em que atuam.ABSTRACT: Objective: to evaluate the stress among nurses working in public and private hospitals. Method: descriptive, analytical, transversal and quantitative research, with 100 nurses from four hospitals in a city in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For data collection, a questionnaire containing socio-demographic variables and the Bianchi Stress scale were used. The Chi-square test of Person or Fisher’s Exact were conducted, determining Cronbach’s Alpha and odds ratio for independent variables associated with stress. Research protocol approved by Research Ethics Committee, CAAE: 27795814.7.0000.5142. Results: a mean level of stress was found among nurses, highlighting a high level in three areas of the scale: activities related to unit functioning, personnel administration and coordination of unit activities. Conclusion: stress is present among nurses, especially in functions related to the administrative activities of the unit that express their functioning.RESUMEN: Objetivo: evaluar el estrés entre los enfermeros de instituciones hospitalarias públicas y privadas. Método: investigación descriptiva, analítica, transversal y cuantitativa, desarrollada con 100 enfermeros de cuatro hospitales de un municipio del sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario que contenía variables sociodemográficas y la escala Bianchi de Stress. Se realizaron las pruebas Qui-cuadrado de Person o Exacto de Fisher, con determinación del Alfa de Cronbach y del odds ratio de las variables independientes con el estrés. Proyeto aprobado por el comité de ética, CAAE: 27795814.7.0000.5142. Resultados: se encontró un nivel de estrés medio entre los enfermeros, destacando un estrés alto en tres dominios de la escala: las actividades relacionadas al funcionamiento de la unidad, administración de personal y coordinación de las actividades de la unidad. Conclusión: el estrés está presente entre los enfermeros, principalmente en funciones relacionadas con las actividades administrativas de la unidad que expresan su funcionamiento. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.14053

scholarly journals Correlation of Sport Activities with Dismore Priminore to College Students of Sport Science Faculty Universitas Negeri Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Eldawaty Eldawaty ◽  
Sepriadi Sepriadi
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Correlation Data ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Data Frequency

Regular exercise and physical activity have been introduced as effective methods for preventing and treating dysmenorrhea. Exercise can increase the endorphin hormone which causes an increase in the recovery system and reduces the sympathetic system, resulting in a decrease in the effects of demeanor. The purpose of this study was to prove that there was correlation between sports and dysmenorrhea among students at the Faculty of Sport Science Universitas Negeri Padang. This research was an observational study. There were 38 female students of Universitas Negeri Padang who met the inclusion criteria during September to October 2019 filled out the questionnaire. The type of exercise data, frequency, duration and incidences of dysmenorrhea were obtained through interviews with questionnaires created specifically for this study. The Data was described in tabular form, Chi-square test and correlation data was analyzed using computer programs. The results showed that 27 samples, (10.26%) out of 38 study samples, did not have dysmenorrhea. In this study, p value> 0.05 or disapproved on the frequency, duration, and type of sports variables for dysmenorrhea at Universitas Negeri Padang. From this data, it can be concluded that there were no correlation beetween dysmenorrhea and sport among  sport science students Universitas Negeri Padang.

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