scholarly journals Effects of Exhaust Pollutants and Garden Soil on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Namrah Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Standard Solution

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effects of exhaust pollutants and garden soil extract on seed germination and seedling growth of some economically important crops, maize and sunflower. Study Design: The in-vitro experimental design was completely randomized. Place and Duration of Study: The experimental site was Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan and the experiment was lasted for 10 days in Ecology laboratory. Methodology: The seeds of maize and sunflower were placed in front of the generator to exposed exhaust pollutants daily, 10 minutes, for 10 days. After the exposure of exhaust gas seeds were shifted into Petri dishes. The garden soil was obtained from mini garden of the Department of Botany, University of Karachi. The different concentrations of garden soil with distilled water were made and filtered. This filtered solution was assumed as the standard solution, which was 100%. From this standard solution, further dilution of 25%, 50% and 75% were made. Distilled water was used as a control for the experiment. Three best seedlings were selected from each Petri dish for the determination of mean values of seed germination (percentage), root, shoot and seedling length and seedling dry weight.   Results: This publication will help to understand the importance of exhaust pollutant impact and soil on crop growth and productivity. The soil quality influences plant growth and identifies the impact of exhaust emission on plant growth. The effects of exhaust pollutants of the generator and different concentration of garden soil on seed germination and seedling growth of two important crops Zea mays (L.) maize and sunflower Helianthus annuus (L.) were recorded. The treatment of different concentration of garden soil extract (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) affected seed germination percentage, root, shoot, and seedling length and seedling dry weight of both crop species. The soil extract at 25% significantly (p<0.05) affected the seed germination percentage of H. annuus as compared to control. The treatment of soil extract also decreased seedling growth performance of Z. mays and H. annuus as compared to control. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in seedling length of Z. mays becomes evident that exhaust treatment affected the seedling dry weight performance of maize as compared to control. Similarly, exposure of exhaust pollutant affected the seedling dry weight of Z. mays and H. annuus as compared to control treatment.  The effects of garden soil extract on seed germination and seedling growth of Z. mays was found higher as compared H. annuus. Conclusion: It was concluded that the treatment of exhaust emissions from a portable power generator fueled negatively affected the seed germination and seedling growth performance of maize and sunflower as compared to control treatment. A comparison between the seed germination percentage, seedling growth and biomass production performance of maize was found highly affected as compared to sunflower.

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Peng ◽  
Wu Geng ◽  
Wu Yong-quan ◽  
Li Mao-teng ◽  
Xiang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Thresholds ◽  
Hongze Lake ◽  
Seedling Length

In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 +  and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 +  was more toxic than Cd2 +  at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation by saline magnetized water on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat Triticum aestivum

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Improvement ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of saline magnetized water irrigation on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivar Iraq were studied. Irrigation water was supplemented with different levels of Sodium chloride 6, 12 or 18 mmhos/ cm in addition control treatment, and passed through a proper magnetic felid with 1000, 1250, 1500 or 2000 gaus in addition control treatment. The results showed significantly stimulated shoot development and led to the increase of germination, seedling emergence, area leaf, length of shoot and root and fresh and dry weight compared to the controls. Results also showed significant interaction between saline water and magnetized water. So, using magnetic treatment of saline water could be a promising technique for Agricultural improvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of allelopathic effect of Carthamus Oxyacantha against wheat and maize seed germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 814-818
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Powder Extract

Effect of Carthamusoxyacantha powder aqueous extract on seed germination of Wheat and Maize were studied. Powder extract of 3g, 6g and 9g of concentration were soaked in distilled water for 12 Hrs, 24 Hrs and 36 Hrs of time. The seeds of Wheat and Maize were germinated in Petri dishes. Control was maintained by watering the seeds with distilled water. The highest values for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, vigor index and seedling weight vigor index were recorded in control of wheat the above parameter decreased with increasing concentration and timing. While in maize highest values for the above parameters were recorded in treatments as compared to control.

scholarly journals Differences in the Seed Germination of Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) Ecotypes Reveal Distinct Strategies for Coping With Salinity Stress: A Common Garden Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Yao Ma ◽  
Hong-Yuan Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wen-Wen Qi ◽  
Shao-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Total Seed

Soil salinity is important abiotic stress affecting various ecosystems worldwide such as grassland. Distinct ecotypes often evolve within species by natural selection to facilitate adaptation to different types of environmental stress. Leymus chinensis is a perennial rhizomatous grass that is widely distributed in the eastern Eurasian steppe; it has two main ecotypes, namely, yellow-green (YG) and gray-green (GG), which differ in their strategy for coping with salinity stress. Few studies have examined the seed germination of the two ecotypes under salinity stress. In this study, the seed germination and seedling growth of two ecotypes of L. chinensis in response to different levels of salinity (NaCl) stress [0 (control), 20, 50, 100, and 200 mM] were examined. Then, ungerminated seeds were placed under normal conditions to evaluate seedling growth following exposure to salt stress (i.e., regermination). The germination percentage was significantly higher, and the mean germination time was significantly shorter in the GG ecotype than in the YG ecotype at all NaCl concentrations. As the salinity level increased, the radicle length of the two ecotypes decreased; however, GG had longer radicles and a higher number of radicles, even at 200 mM NaCl when no radicle protruding from the seed coat was detected in YG. The shoot length of GG was significantly longer than that of YG at all NaCl levels. After salinity stress was removed, the seed germination percentage increased as the original concentration of NaCl applied increased, but the total germination percentage did not significantly differ among NaCl concentrations. The total seed germination percentage of GG was approximately 80%, whereas that of the YG was approximately 20%. The seedling length of regerminated seeds for both GG and YG was similar. The thousand-grain weight of GG was significantly higher than that of YG. GG was more salt-tolerant than YG and might be better capable of surviving in harsher environments, suggesting that GG might be particularly useful for saline grassland restoration.

scholarly journals SEED GERMINATION AND RADICLE ESTABLISHMENT RELATED TO TYPE AND LEVEL OF SALT IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. VAR. DJEDIDA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-277
Author(s):  
L.M. MANSOURI ◽  
N. HELEILI ◽  
Z.F. BOUKHATEM ◽  
A. KHELOUFI
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Secondary Roots

Saline soils contain multiple types of salt, each of them may exert a different effect on seed germination and seedling growth. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of five types of salt on the seed germination and radicle establishment of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Djedida). The experiment was set out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications of ten seeds for the seed germination and twelve replicates for the seedling growth. We used five kinds of salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaCO3 and KCl) with concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM. Seeds were incubated in Petri dishes at 25°C, in the dark, for 10 days. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the effects of salt types and concentrations, and their interaction effect were significant in all measured traits (P< 0.01). However, no significance effect was found on secondary roots number and seedlings dry biomass with CaCO3 treatment solution. According to the results, the inhibitory effects of the five salt types differed significantly. Indeed, germination of common bean seeds by various salts were in the order of NaCl > KCl > CaCO3 > Na2SO4 > CaCl2. However, the taproot length, the number of secondary roots and the seedlings dry weight by various salts were in the order of CaCO3 > KCl > NaCl > CaCl2 > Na2SO4. The effect of salt concentration was also obvious. The reduction in dry biomass of cotyledons is proportional to germination rates and to the development of seedlings in dry biomass and in size. Seeds of P. vulgaris var. Djedida were able to germinate under all concentrations of the various types of salt. The lowest final germination percentage (FGP) was obtained under 300 mM of all salts recording the following values: CaCO3 - 60%, NaCl - 60%, KCl - 52.5%, Na2SO4 - 50% and CaCl2 - 27.5%. During germination stage, the radicle emergence would be controlled by the environment osmolarity, while the later growth of the seedling would be limited by the reserve mobilization.

scholarly journals Effect of magnetized salt water on seed germination and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar Tritcium aestivum L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Ismail E. N. ◽  
Hassan S. M. ◽  
Mageed. D. M. ◽  
Rasheed. K. A. ◽  
Abd A. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Magnetized Water

A Study was conducted the effect of saline water irrigation with different levels of NaCl (6, 12, 18) Decisemins/M in addition with the control treatment. The saline water magnetized through a proper magnetic field with (1000, 1250, 1500, 2000) gaus in addition control treatment. Seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar were investigated. The result indicated significant increasing in most character studies such as, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root, and leaf area. On the other hand, all character studies were significantly decreased when used saline irrigation water. The result also showed significant interaction between the magnetized water and saline water which used in irrigation pots in most characters studies.

scholarly journals Tomato Seed Coat Permeability to Selected Carbon Nanomaterials and Enhancement of Germination and Seedling Growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsiana A. Ratnikova ◽  
Ramakrishna Podila ◽  
Apparao M. Rao ◽  
Alan G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Seed coat permeability was examined using a model that tested the effects of soaking tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) seeds in combination with carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) and ultrasonic irradiation (US). Penetration of seed coats to the embryo by CBNMs, as well as CBNMs effects on seed germination and seedling growth, was examined. Two CBNMs, C60(OH)20(fullerol) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs), were applied at 50 mg/L, and treatment exposure ranged from 0 to 60 minutes. Bright field, fluorescence, and electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy provided corroborating evidence that neither CBNM was able to penetrate the seed coat. The restriction of nanomaterial (NM) uptake was attributed to the semipermeable layer located at the innermost layer of the seed coat adjacent to the endosperm. Seed treatments using US at 30 or 60 minutes in the presence of MWNTs physically disrupted the seed coat; however, the integrity of the semipermeable layer was not impaired. The germination percentage and seedling length and weight were enhanced in the presence of MWNTs but were not altered by C60(OH)20. The combined exposure of seeds to NMs and US provided insight into the nanoparticle-seed interaction and may serve as a delivery system for enhancing seed germination and early seedling growth.

scholarly journals Improving seed germination and seedling growth of true seed shallot (TSS) using plant growth regulator seed priming

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
R Pangestuti ◽  
E Sulistyaningsih ◽  
B Kurniasih ◽  
R H Murti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Seeding is the most important and quite challenging stage in seed/TSS cultivation. Plant growth regulator (PGR) seed priming has the potential to enhance the quality of TSS seedlings. The research had been conducted in the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, UGM, from February to April 2020. The factorial treatments of shallot cultivars (Tuk-Tuk, Lokananta and Sanren) and seed treatments (soaking seed with GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours and untreated seeds as control) were assigned in the RCBD with four replications. Each experimental unit was consisted of 728 seeds per cultivar. Both treated and untreated seeds were sown in soil blocks. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD procedure at α=0.05. The results showed that PGR priming on seeds significantly increased the germination percentage, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and hypothetical vigor index of the three cultivars at six weeks after sowing. However, there was no significant difference in the fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings. This research implied that soaking seeds in GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours could improve seed germination and TSS seedling growth. Additional fertilizers are perhaps needed in soil blocks to increase the effect of hormones on the seedlings.

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