scholarly journals Pattern of Anti-microbial Drug Resistance in Childhood Typhoid Fever in a Selected Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hiba Siddiqui ◽  
Firdous Jahan ◽  
Muhammad A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Drug Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a major public health issue in Pakistan. Variations in clinical manifestations make diagnosis a challenging task. Over use of antibiotics make the organism resistant. Antibiotic resistance is currently the most threatening issue as regards to infection control and our study would be helpful in the understanding of this feature of the microbes. The main purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial drug resistance and sensitivity pattern in Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi. Methods: This is a descriptive study carried out in a private hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. One hundred consecutive patients, children from age one day till 12 years admitted in the hospital with the history of fever and had positive blood culture for Salmonella typhi and S.paratyphi were included, 9 antimicrobial drugs were taken into account to check their sensitivity.  Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0). Data was expressed in frequencies and percentages. Results: Most of the children belong to middle class 58% with 62% male and common age group (40%) was 1 day to 4 years. Nearly half of them drinking un-boiled water and had ladder pattern of high grade fever. Most pronounced symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea and anorexia. Resistance pattern was ciprofloxacin 100%, chloramphenicol 89.1%, Ampicillin 87.1% Ceftriaxone 76.2%, Cefixime 75.2%, Amoxicillin 65.3%. Conclusion: Typhoid fever is most commonly observed with unhygienic practices, eating of unhealthy outside food and contaminated water. Pattern of anti microbial resistance gives us a little choice to select antibiotic for typhoid fever. Typhoid fever still remains the commonest bacteraemic illness in Pakistan with children being especially susceptible. Antimicrobial non-susceptibility continues to complicate management.

scholarly journals A study on clinical profile of typhoid fever in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Ranganatha A. Devaranavadagi ◽  
Srinivasa S.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is a major public health problem in India. Typhoid fever is endemic in many developing countries. Wide variations in the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever make its diagnosis a challenging task. This study was conducted to understand the wide range of clinical manifestations, complications and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of typhoid fever in children.Methods:Prospectively, 113 children admitted in pediatric unit with confirmed Typhoid fever from September 2015 to December 2016 at KIMS hospital, Bangalore were included. In each case, age, sex, presenting complaint, laboratory investigations and antibiotic sensitivity pattern are collected and analysed.Results: Out of 113 cases, 72 cases (63.8.1%) were males, 41 cases (36.2%) were females. The most common age group was 5-10 years. The most common symptom was fever, seen in 100% cases, followed by anorexia (61%), vomiting (44%) and abdominal pain (18%). The most common sign observed was toxic look in 68% of the cases, followed by coated tongue in 49% and hepatomegaly in 44%. Leucocytopenia was found in 34% of cases. Eosinopenia was found in 39% of cases. Anaemia was found in 16% of cases. Thrombocytopenia was found in 15% of cases. Blood culture was positive in 20% of cases. Use of municipal water for drinking was found in 65% of cases. Outside eating was found in 40% of cases. Unhygienic practices were found in 64% of cases. Duration of hospital stay varied from 3-10 days. No mortality reported.Conclusions:Typhoid fever is most commonly observed with unhygienic practices and eating of unhealthy outside food. This major public health issue can be tackled by bringing awareness among people regarding disease transmission and its various preventive measures. 

scholarly journals Is Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever Changing in Kathmandu Valley?

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Subhana Karki ◽  
Bina Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Enteric fever is a public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella sp causing enteric fever is changing over time and also differs according to geographical location. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp is mandatory for management of enteric fever rationally. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp to commonly used antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study undertaken reviewing the records of blood isolates of Salmonella sp over one year period at Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done following Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion technique using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Salmonella typhi was found to be 100% resistance to ampicillin and resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was also high. The resistance to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin was low. No resistance was found to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and amikacin. However, among the sensitive isolates of Salmonella typhi intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime was reported to be high. Among the isolates of S paratyphi A, the resistance to nalidixic acid was 100% followed by 75% to ciprofloxacin. No resistance was found to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefixime, amikacin and low resistance to amoxicillin and ofloxacin. Among the sensitive isolates of S paratyphi A, majority of them were only moderately sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftazidime and about 1/3 of the organisms had only intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone. Conclusiion: Commonly used parenteral third generation cephalosporins, first line drugs like chloramphenicol and amoxicillin and ofloxacin among fluoroquinolones were found to be effective in vitro in treating enteric fever. However, Salmonella typhi was found to be highly resistant to the most frequently used drugs like ciprofloxacin and cefixime and Salmonella paratyphi A to ciprofloxacin. A comparative chart of antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric fever in children over 10 year period from different hospitals of Kathmandu valley is also presented in the study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6625 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 221-228

scholarly journals Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed caused by Typhoid Ulcer: Conservative Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorv Goel ◽  
Roli Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Young Female ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleed ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed ◽  
Gi Bleed

ABSTRACT Typhoid fever is caused by gram-negative organism Salmonella typhi. The usual presentation is high-grade fever, but complications like gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage and perforation are also seen frequently. With the advent of antibiotics, these complications are rarely seen now. We present a case of a young female who was admitted with a diagnosis of typhoid fever presented with a massive GI bleed from ulcers in the terminal ileum and was managed conservatively without endotherapy and surgery. How to cite this article Goel A, Bansal R. Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed caused by Typhoid Ulcer: Conservative Management. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):176-177.

Audit of infection and antimicrobial drug resistance pattern in bacterial infections in road traffic accident survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
RamakrishnaJakribettu Pai ◽  
ManjeshwarShrinath Baliga ◽  
NikkuMathew Geevarughese ◽  
Siddhant Suresh ◽  
JeffyMary Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for Salmonella Typhi isolated from blood in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Naznin Tarana ◽  
Samshad Jahan Shumu ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam ◽  
Hosne Jahan ◽  
Soma Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Typhoid fever remains a public health concern in developing countries. Antibiotic therapy constitutes the mainstay of management and multidrug resistant Salmonella spp has been emerged as a major public health concern. Objective: This study was done to evaluate antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi isolated from blood in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital. Methods: The retrospective study was done from January 2017 to December 2017 at microbiology laboratory, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College. A total of 367 samples, 30 isolates of Salmonella typhi obtained from blood culture. Both the indoor and outdoor patients were enrolled in this study. Results: During one year study period, total 367 cases were enrolled and the prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 30 (8.2 %). Among them (56.1%) were male with a male to female ratio 1.27:1. The bulk (50.1%) cases were in the age group of 15-30 years, 14.4% cases were in less than 15 years and 6.5% cases were in more than 60 years of age. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, 70% strains were sensitive to amikacin, 73.33% to azithromycin, 63.33% to ceftazidime, 66.66% to ceftriaxone, 86.66% to ciprofloxacin and 70% were nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella typhi. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin may be used to treat typhoid fever cases and Ceftriaxone, azithromycin may be used as alternative drugs if they are found susceptible in culture and sensitivity testing. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 96-98

scholarly journals Drug Resistance Patterns ofEscherichia coliin Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kald Beshir Tuem ◽  
Abadi Kahsu Gebre ◽  
Tesfay Mehari Atey ◽  
Helen Bitew ◽  
Ebrahim M. Yimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Background. Antimicrobial drug resistance is a global threat for treatment of infectious diseases and costs life and money and threatens health delivery system’s effectiveness. The resistance ofE. colito frequently utilized antimicrobial drugs is becoming a major challenge in Ethiopia. However, there is no inclusive countrywide study. Therefore, this study intended to assess the prevalence ofE. coliresistance and antimicrobial-specific resistance pattern amongE. coliclinical isolates in Ethiopia.Methods. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and grey literature from 2007 to 2017. The main outcome measures were overallE. coliand drug-specific resistance patterns. A random-effects model was used to determine pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI), using DerSimonian and Laird method. In addition, subgroup analysis was conducted to improve the outcome. The study bias was assessed by Begg’s funnel plot. This study was registered in PROSPERO as follows: PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017070106.Results. Of 164 articles retrieved, 35 articles were included. A total of 19,235 study samples participated in the studies and 2,635E. colistrains were isolated. Overall,E. coliantibacterial resistance was 45.38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33.50 to 57.27). The resistance pattern ranges from 62.55% in Addis Ababa to 27.51% in Tigray region. The highest resistance ofE. colireported was to ampicillin (83.81%) and amoxicillin (75.79%), whereas only 13.55% ofE. coliisolates showed resistance to nitrofurantoin.Conclusion.E. coliantimicrobial resistance remains high with disparities observed among regions. The bacterium was found to be highly resistant to aminopenicillins. The finding implies the need for effective prevention strategies for theE. colidrug resistance and calls for multifaceted approaches with full involvement of all stakeholders.

scholarly journals Prevalent Bacteria and Their Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern to Antibiotics: A Study in Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Akhtarun Naher ◽  
Pratyay Hasan ◽  
Kazi Tuba E Mozazfia ◽  
Homyra Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background and rationale: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Many factors are complexly related to the issue in multiple dimensions. Bangladesh is right in the middle of this great calamity, and is seeing the rise in resistant strains of several bacteria. Very sadly, the prevalent malpractice of abusing antibiotics in Bangladesh contributes to add complexity to the danger which may prove to be possibly the greatest threat humans have ever faced. There is much scarcity of medical literature in Bangladesh, on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and prevalent microorganisms. Moreover, antibiotic sensitivity pattern changes over time and place. Again, most of the studies done in Bangladesh, concentrate on a single disease, pathogen, or specimen. This study attempts to see the prevalent microorganisms and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in multiple types of specimens collected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This study also attempts to establish a way of presentation of the relevant findings which can be used in future to ensure easy comparability and contrasting of findings.Methods: The specimens were collected from the adult patients (age >12 years) admitted in the Internal Medicine ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 6 months. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling method. Specimens which were culture positive, were only included in the study for analysis. Multiple specimens were taken.Results: S. aureus was 100% sensitive to amikacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, vancomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, azactum, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefixime. Enterobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, vancomycin. E. coli was 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, vancomycin, tigecycline and 100% resistant to mecillinam, aztreonam. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to flucloxacillin, colistin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid and 100% resistant to nalidixic acid. Proteus was 100% sensitive to cephradine, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tetracycline, tigecycline, azithromycin, azactum and 100% resistant to doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefuroxime. Pseudomonas was 100% sensitive only to amikacin, netilmicin, and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, doxycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Salmonella typhi was 100% sensitive to amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, netilmicin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, azactum and 100% resistant to cephradine, doxycycline, tetracycline, nalidixic acid. MRSA was 100% sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefpirome, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, tetracycline, clarithromycin. Acinetobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, cefuroxime, colistin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and 100% resistant to cefixime, nalidixic acid. Citrobacter freundii was 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, nalidixic acid and 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefixime, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion: More and more antibiotics are becoming ineffective due to emergence of resistance. Serious actions should be taken. Awareness should be raised from the policy maker level to the physicians and patients.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 52-64

scholarly journals Fitness gains hamper efforts to tackle drug resistance

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics

It has long been assumed that resistance to antibiotics reduces the fitness of disease-causing bacteria, but experiments on Salmonella Typhi, the bacteria that causes Typhoid fever, are now challenging this view.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Slaughterhouse Wastewater in Jega Town, Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
Namadina Hassan Jega ◽  
Ahmad Ibrahim Bagudo ◽  
Sahabi Sule Manga ◽  
Kabiru Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Wastewater is an essential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which include resistant strains. This study determined the antibiotics resistance pattern of Coliform bacteria isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater in Jega local government. Five different samples of wastewater from different locations of a slaughterhouse were collected using standard sample collection techniques. Coliform bacteria were isolated using the standard microbiological method. The total bacterial count was determined using plate count agar. Suspected coliforms were identified based on morphological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the standard disc diffusion method. The highest bacterial count (8.4x102 CFU/ml) was observed from the wastewater collection point, and the lowest bacterial (1.2x102 CFU/ml) count from the slaughtering point. Three Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes, were identified. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated in slaughterhouse wastewater 39 (45.8%). Among the antibiotics tested against isolated bacteria, Septrin was the most resistant antibiotics recorded against E. coli and E. aerogenes with 84.61% and 88.89% resistant, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to show higher resistance to Chloramphenicol and Septrin with 84.21% resistance each. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from slaughterhouse wastewater showed the risks associated with antimicrobial drug resistance transferred from food-producing animals to humans. Management concerns, such as local government health officers and community development officers, should increase the sensitization of slaughterhouse workers by organizing conferences or conducting radio talk to educates these slaughterhouse workers on the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater and health risk associated with antimicrobial-drug resistance transferred from animals to humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document