scholarly journals Drug Resistance Patterns ofEscherichia coliin Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kald Beshir Tuem ◽  
Abadi Kahsu Gebre ◽  
Tesfay Mehari Atey ◽  
Helen Bitew ◽  
Ebrahim M. Yimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Background. Antimicrobial drug resistance is a global threat for treatment of infectious diseases and costs life and money and threatens health delivery system’s effectiveness. The resistance ofE. colito frequently utilized antimicrobial drugs is becoming a major challenge in Ethiopia. However, there is no inclusive countrywide study. Therefore, this study intended to assess the prevalence ofE. coliresistance and antimicrobial-specific resistance pattern amongE. coliclinical isolates in Ethiopia.Methods. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and grey literature from 2007 to 2017. The main outcome measures were overallE. coliand drug-specific resistance patterns. A random-effects model was used to determine pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI), using DerSimonian and Laird method. In addition, subgroup analysis was conducted to improve the outcome. The study bias was assessed by Begg’s funnel plot. This study was registered in PROSPERO as follows: PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017070106.Results. Of 164 articles retrieved, 35 articles were included. A total of 19,235 study samples participated in the studies and 2,635E. colistrains were isolated. Overall,E. coliantibacterial resistance was 45.38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33.50 to 57.27). The resistance pattern ranges from 62.55% in Addis Ababa to 27.51% in Tigray region. The highest resistance ofE. colireported was to ampicillin (83.81%) and amoxicillin (75.79%), whereas only 13.55% ofE. coliisolates showed resistance to nitrofurantoin.Conclusion.E. coliantimicrobial resistance remains high with disparities observed among regions. The bacterium was found to be highly resistant to aminopenicillins. The finding implies the need for effective prevention strategies for theE. colidrug resistance and calls for multifaceted approaches with full involvement of all stakeholders.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

scholarly journals Drug resistance and plasmid profile of shigellae in Taiwan

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-R. Lin ◽  
S.-F. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Transmissible Plasmid ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYOne hundred and twenty-eight shigella strains isolated from newborn and infant human faecal specimens at Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital in Taiwan were serogrouped, serotyped and examined for drug-resistance patterns and for the presence of plasmids. Forty-seven pre cent of the isolates were found to belong to theShigella sonneiserogroup, 41%to theS.flexnerigroup,9%to theS.boydiigroup and 3%to theS.dysenteriaegroup.The serotype with the greatest number of strains wasS.sonneiI. (29 %) followed byS. flexneri1 (27%). Each strain was tested for resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents. Eighty-eight per cent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, 87% to chloramphenicol, 84% to streptomycin, 52% to ampicillin, 25% to nalidixic acid, 29% to kanamycin, 11 % to cephalothin, 11% to neomycin, 10% to cotrimoxazole, 1% to amikacin and none to gentamicin. The most prevalent resistance pattern was ApCmSmTc (28%). Clinical isolates demonstrating multiple resistance were found to harbour a large transmissible plasmid of 45–75 MDa while isolates without multiple resistance did not. Two large virulence plasmids of 123 and 110 MDa were found in 12 strains ofS. flexneriand 4 strains ofS. sonneiphase I. Small plasmids of 4·5, 4·2, 3·5, 2·8, 2·5. 2·0 and 1·5 MDa were also present in all strains. These small plasmids were species specific and can be used as marker plasmids to identify species.

Audit of infection and antimicrobial drug resistance pattern in bacterial infections in road traffic accident survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
RamakrishnaJakribettu Pai ◽  
ManjeshwarShrinath Baliga ◽  
NikkuMathew Geevarughese ◽  
Siddhant Suresh ◽  
JeffyMary Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN DIABETICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
HARIKRISHNAN S. ◽  
ROSY VENNILA ◽  
R. MONICA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Common Infections

Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections observed in diabetic patients. This study is aimed at identifying the organisms with their anti-bacterial resistance pattern. Methods: A total of 400 diabetic patients over a period of nine months presenting with symptom s of urinary tract infection were taken for the study. Their urine were cultured and an antibiogram done. Results: E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterococci were the commonest organism found. It was found that E. coli, which was the commonest organism E. Coli was sensitive to Norfloxacin and resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Empirical treatment with ciprofloxacin, Which is considered the drug of choice, will lead to failure of treatment.

scholarly journals Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogens in Pediatric Cases: a Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Shrestha ◽  
Pratigya Thapa ◽  
Dinesh Bhandari ◽  
Hiramani Parajuli ◽  
Prakash Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Background: The study was designed to provide account of etiological agents of urinary tract infection in pediatric patients and the antimicrobial resistance pattern plus biofilm producing profile of the isolates.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Alka Hospital, Nepal with 353 clean catch urine samples from children. It was obtained during July 2014 to January 2015 which were first cultured by semi-quantitative method, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and biofilm production assay on Congo red agar. Multidrug- resistance, extensively drug- resistance and pandrug- resistance among isolates were considered as per international consensus.Results: Out of 353 samples, 64 (18.13%) showed positive growth in culture, confirming urinary tract infection. E. coli, 44 (68.8%) was the predominant organism followed by Klebsiella spp. 6 (14.1%). Most E. coli were sensitive to amikacin (93.2%) followed by nitrofurantoin (86.4%), and highly resistant to ampicillin (95.5%). Of 64 isolates, 23 (35.93%) were found to be multidrug- resistant strains. Biofilm was produced by 36 (56.25%) isolates.Conclusions: This study showed higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antibiotics rendering ineffective for empirical use. Regular surveillance of resistance patterns should be done to regulate multidrug- resistant bugs and to ensure effective management of urinary tract infection in children in a tertiary care setups.Keywords: AMR; antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; urinary tract infection; UTI.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic background of E. coli isolated from asymptomatic pregnant women from Kolkata, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandira Mukherjee ◽  
Snehashis Koley ◽  
Sandip Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
Shreya Basu ◽  
Biplab Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) in pregnancy generates medical complications. E. coli is the common etiologic agent responsible for ABU-associated infections. This study aimed to identify the phylogenetic background and drug resistance in asymptomatic E. coli from a pregnant population. Methodology: E. coli was confirmed biochemically from culture-positive urine samples collected from asymptomatic pregnant women. Phylogenetic typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Statistical significance was determined using SPSS 17.0 software. Results: Bacteriuria was observed in 113 (22.6%) of 500 asymptomatic pregnant females. E. coli was reported in 44 (38.9%) of 113 isolates. The mean age-wise distribution was 25.14 ± 4.63. Although pathogenic phylogroup B2 was predominant (54.5%), incidence of non-pathogenic phylogroup B1 (27.3%) was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001), and B1 and B2 were correlated with respect to total ABU population. Antibiotic sensitivity against ampicillin (34.1%), ceftazidime (50%), cefotaxime (47.7%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), amikacin (86.4%), nitrofurantion (79.5%), and co-trimoxazole (36.4%) was observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production was reported in 26 (59.1%) of 44 and 18 (69.2%) of the 26 MDR isolates, respectively. A significant distribution of phylogroup B1 (p = 0.03) with drug resistance was also observed. Conclusions: This is the first study that reported significant incidence of non-pathogenic phylogroup B1 in asymptomatic E. coli with high incidence of MDR isolated from pregnant women in Kolkata, India.  These varied resistance patterns present major therapeutic and infection control challenges during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Slaughterhouse Wastewater in Jega Town, Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
Namadina Hassan Jega ◽  
Ahmad Ibrahim Bagudo ◽  
Sahabi Sule Manga ◽  
Kabiru Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Wastewater is an essential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which include resistant strains. This study determined the antibiotics resistance pattern of Coliform bacteria isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater in Jega local government. Five different samples of wastewater from different locations of a slaughterhouse were collected using standard sample collection techniques. Coliform bacteria were isolated using the standard microbiological method. The total bacterial count was determined using plate count agar. Suspected coliforms were identified based on morphological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the standard disc diffusion method. The highest bacterial count (8.4x102 CFU/ml) was observed from the wastewater collection point, and the lowest bacterial (1.2x102 CFU/ml) count from the slaughtering point. Three Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes, were identified. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated in slaughterhouse wastewater 39 (45.8%). Among the antibiotics tested against isolated bacteria, Septrin was the most resistant antibiotics recorded against E. coli and E. aerogenes with 84.61% and 88.89% resistant, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to show higher resistance to Chloramphenicol and Septrin with 84.21% resistance each. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from slaughterhouse wastewater showed the risks associated with antimicrobial drug resistance transferred from food-producing animals to humans. Management concerns, such as local government health officers and community development officers, should increase the sensitization of slaughterhouse workers by organizing conferences or conducting radio talk to educates these slaughterhouse workers on the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater and health risk associated with antimicrobial-drug resistance transferred from animals to humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
K. F. Chah ◽  
S. C. Okafor ◽  
S. I. Oboegbulem
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6%  66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.

A systematic review on distribution and antifungal resistance pattern of Candida species in the Indian population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashi Verma ◽  
Dibyabhaba Pradhan ◽  
Ziaul Hasan ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Arun Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract The emergence of antifungal drug resistance in Candida species has led to increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Understanding species distribution and antifungal drug resistance patterns is an essential step for novel drug development. A systematic review was performed addressing this challenge in India with keywords inclusive of ‘Candida’, ‘Antifungal Drug Resistance’, ‘Candidemia’, ‘Candidiasis’ and ‘India’. A total of 106 studies (January 1978-March 2020) from 20 Indian states were included. Of over 11,429 isolates, Candida albicans was the major species accounting for 37.95% of total isolates followed by C. tropicalis (29.40%), C. glabrata (11.68%) and C. parapsilosis (8.36%). Rates of antifungal resistance were highest in non-albicans Candida (NAC) species - C. haemuloni (47.16%), C. krusei (28.99%), C. lipolytica (28.89%) and C. glabrata (20.69%). Approximately 10.34% isolates of C. albicans were observed to be drug-resistant. Candida species were frequently resistant to certain azoles (ketoconazole-22.2%, miconazole–22.1% and fluconazole–21.8%). In conclusion, the present systematic review illustrates the overall distribution and antifungal resistance pattern of Candida species among the Indian population that could be helpful in the future for the formation of treatment recommendations for the region but also elsewhere.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance patterns of intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from Nicaraguan children

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Amaya ◽  
Daniel Reyes ◽  
Samuel Vilchez ◽  
Margarita Paniagua ◽  
Roland Möllby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Infantile Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Children Under 5

In developing countries, diarrhoeal diseases are one of the major causes of death in children under 5 years of age. It is known that diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an important aetiological agent of infantile diarrhoea in Nicaragua. However, there are no recent studies on antimicrobial resistance among intestinal E. coli isolates in Nicaraguan children. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in a collection of 727 intestinal E. coli isolates from the faeces of children in León, Nicaragua, between March 2005 and September 2006. All samples had been screened previously for the presence of DEC by multiplex PCR. Three hundred and ninety-five non-DEC isolates (270 from children with diarrhoea and 125 from children without diarrhoea) and 332 DEC isolates (241 from children with diarrhoea and 91 from children without diarrhoea) were analysed in this study. In general, antimicrobial resistance among the 727 intestinal E. coli isolates was high for ampicillin (60 %), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (64 %) and chloramphenicol (11 %). Among individual E. coli categories, enteroaggregative E. coli isolates from children with and without diarrhoea exhibited significantly higher levels of resistance (P<0.05) to ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole compared to the other E. coli categories. Resistance to ceftazidime and/or ceftriaxone and a pattern of multi-resistance was related to CTX-M-5- or CTX-M-15-producing E. coli isolates. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from Nicaraguan children have not reached the high levels of resistance to the most common antibiotics used for diarrhoea treatment as in other countries.

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