scholarly journals Transmission, Stability, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Management of COVID 19

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
P. G. I. Dias ◽  
R. M. U. S. K. Rathnayaka
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Corona Viruses

COVID 19 can be considered as the most devastating pandemics that happened in the 21st century. Many researches on its virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatments are ongoing. Studies on the causative virus of COVID 19 has been successfully carried out. Its genome has been sequenced, analyzed and compared with other corona viruses in those studies. Some studies on disease transmission also been carried out and as an outcome of those studies, information about the stability of the virus in different conditions and sources of disease transmission are available. Symptoms of the disease also been successfully identified and diagnosis methods to identify infected patients are also been developed. Preventive measures for the disease also been published and implemented in many countries. However, at the time of writing, there is no permanent cure for this viral infection and it would take time to develop a vaccine and/or other medicine for this disease.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on workload burden of a complex radiotherapy facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-721
Author(s):  
Giulio Francolini ◽  
Isacco Desideri ◽  
Giulia Stocchi ◽  
Lucia Pia Ciccone ◽  
Viola Salvestrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background and purpose COVID-19 constitutes a worldwide threat, prompting Italian Government to implement specific measures on March 8, 2020, to protect patients and health workers from disease transmission. The impact of preventive measures on daily activity of a radiotherapy facility may hamper the ability to fulfill normal workload burden. Thus, we assessed the number of delivered treatments in a specific observation period after the adoption of preventive measures (since March 11 to April 24, 2020) and compared it with the corresponding period of the year 2019. Materials and methods Overall number of delivered fractions was related to actual time of platform daily activity and reported as a ratio between number of delivered fractions and activity hours (Fr/Hrs). Fr/Hrs were calculated and compared for two different periods of time, March 11–April 24, 2019 (Fr/Hrs1), and March 11–April 24, 2020 (Fr/Hrs2). Results Fr/Hrs1 and Fr/Hrs2 were 2.66 and 2.54 for year 2019 and 2020, respectively, for a Fr/Hrsratio of 1.07 (95% CI 1.03–1.12, p = 0.0005). Fr/Hrs1 was significantly higher than Fr/Hrs2 for SliR and PreciseR, with Fr/Hrsratio of 1.92 (95% CI 1.66–2.23, p < 0.0001) and 1.11 (95% CI 1.03–1.2, p = 0.003), respectively. No significant difference was reported for SynergyR and CyberknifeR with Fr/Hrsratio of 0.99 (95% CI 0.91–1.08, p = 0.8) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.77–1.06, p = 0.2), respectively. Fr/Hrs1 was significantly lower than Fr/Hrs2 for TomotherapyR, with Fr/Hrsratio of 0.88 (95% CI 0.8–0.96, p = 0.007). Conclusion Preventive measures did not influence workload burden performed. Automation in treatment delivery seems to compensate effectively for health workers number reduction.

scholarly journals Grandparents and great-grandparents in Estonian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ene-Margit Tiit
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Demographic Behaviour ◽  
Estonian Population

The paper estimates the probability of living until the age of a grandparent and a great-grandparent in different cohorts of Estonian population. The objects of comparison are men and women born in 1939, 1959, 1989 and nowadays (2016). It turned out that (assuming the stability of demographic behaviour) people born in 1989 have the highest probability to see the grandchildren and also great-grandchildren. In the case of people born in 21st century, the probability is going down in spite of increasing life expectancy. The reason for this feature is massive postponing of family creation.

scholarly journals Bifurcation analysis and optimal control of SEIR epidemic model with saturated treatment function on the network

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1677-1695
Author(s):  
Boli Xie ◽  
◽  
Maoxing Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Multiple Equilibrium ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Treatment Function ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

<abstract><p>In order to study the impact of limited medical resources and population heterogeneity on disease transmission, a SEIR model based on a complex network with saturation processing function is proposed. This paper first proved that a backward bifurcation occurs under certain conditions, which means that $ R_{0} &lt; 1 $ is not enough to eradicate this disease from the population. However, if the direction is positive, we find that within a certain parameter range, there may be multiple equilibrium points near $ R_{0} = 1 $. Secondly, the influence of population heterogeneity on virus transmission is analyzed, and the optimal control theory is used to further study the time-varying control of the disease. Finally, numerical simulations verify the stability of the system and the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy.</p></abstract>

Stability of a CD4+ T cell viral infection model with diffusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiting Xu ◽  
Youqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Lyapunov Functions ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Viral Infection Model

This paper is devoted to the study of the stability of a CD[Formula: see text] T cell viral infection model with diffusion. First, we discuss the well-posedness of the model and the existence of endemic equilibrium. Second, by analyzing the roots of the characteristic equation, we establish the local stability of the virus-free equilibrium. Furthermore, by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions, we show that the virus-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the threshold value [Formula: see text]; the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Finally, we give an application and numerical simulations to illustrate the main results.

scholarly journals A mathematical model of infectious disease transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Aurelia Florea ◽  
Cristian Lăzureanu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Nonlinear System ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type System ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
The Stability

In this paper we consider a three-dimensional nonlinear system which models the dynamics of a population during an epidemic disease. The considered model is a SIS-type system in which a recovered individual automatically becomes a susceptible one. We take into account the births and deaths, and we also consider that susceptible individuals are divided into two groups: non-vaccinated and vaccinated. In addition, we assume a medical scenario in which vaccinated people take a special measure to quarantine their newborns. We study the stability of the considered system. Numerical simulations point out the behavior of the considered population.

scholarly journals Clinical practice and implementation of guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cardiac implantable electronic device infections: results of a worldwide survey under the auspices of the European Heart Rhythm Association

EP Europace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassil Traykov ◽  
Maria Grazia Bongiorni ◽  
Giuseppe Boriani ◽  
Haran Burri ◽  
Roberto Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

Abstract Aims Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection rates are increasing. Worldwide compliance and disparities to published guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and management of these conditions are not well elucidated. The purpose of this survey, therefore, was to clarify these issues through an inquiry to arrhythmia-related associations and societies worldwide. Methods and results A questionnaire comprising 15 questions related to CIED infections was distributed among members of seven arrhythmia societies worldwide. A total of 234 centres in 62 countries reported implantation rates of which 159 (68.0%) performed more than 200 device implantations per year and 14 (6.0%) performed fewer than 50 implantations per year. The reported rates of CIED infections for 2017 were ≤2% in 78.7% of the centres, while the infection rates exceeded 5% in 7.8% of the centres. Preventive measures for CIED infection differed from published recommendations and varied among different regions mainly in terms of pocket irrigation and administering post-operative antimicrobial therapy the use of which was reported by 39.9% and 44% of the respondents, respectively. Antibacterial envelopes were used by 37.7% of the respondents in selected circumstances. In terms of pocket infection management, 62% of the respondents applied complete system removal as an initial step. Diagnostic pocket needle aspiration and pocket surgical debridement were reported by 15.8% and 11.8% of centres, respectively. Conclusion Clinical practices for prevention and management of CIED do not fully comply with current recommendations and demonstrate considerable regional disparities. Further education and programmes for improved implementation of guidelines are mandatory.

Mathematical Modeling and Stability Analysis of Japanese Encephalitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Vinod Baniya ◽  
Ram Keval
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Dynamical Behaviors ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Mathematical modeling of Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease in human population with pig and mosquito has been presented in this paper. The proposed model, which involves three compartments of human (Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected), two compartments of mosquito (Susceptible, Infected) and three compartments of the pig (Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected). In this work, it is assumed that JE spreads between susceptible class and infected mosquitoes only. Basic results like boundedness of the model, the existence of equilibrium and local stability issues are investigated. Here, to measure the disease transmission potential in the population the basic reproduction number (R0) from the system has been analyzed w.r.t. control parameters both numerically and theoretically. The dynamical behaviors of the system have been analyzed by using the stability theory of differential equations and numerical simulations at equilibrium points. A numerical verification of results is carried out of the model under consideration.

The Summary of HVDC Commutation Failure and Example Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 853-857
Author(s):  
Qian Jin Wu ◽  
Xue Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Commutation Failure ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability

Commutation Failure is the common fault of HVDC, continuous commutation failure may lead to HVDC block and affect the stability of the power system. Especially in southern power grid, china, its special that the end of four HVDC system are all in Guangzhou. If the AC system occurs serious fault, all of the HVDC system may occur commutation Failure, HVDC block, even occurs large area blackout. So how to avoid continuous commutation failure and restore the stability of HVDC is important for AC and DC parallel power system. This paper based on the mechanism of commutation failure, analyze the reason of commutation failure and identification method, preventive measures. At last, this paper uses actual recorded wave to analyze the diversification of system after commutation failure.

scholarly journals Narratives of Epidemics: Topsy-turvy Conditions of Humans and Quest for Existence

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Fattah M. Adel ◽  
◽  
Mashhoor Abdu Al-Moghales ◽  
Suhail Ahmad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Human History ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
Plot Structure

Corpus of literature is replete with works that feature pandemics as central themes. As a response to diseases outbreaks, fiction writers portray the human condition and the shifts in human behaviour at these crucial junctures of human history. Plot structure and characterization accounts for the void –both within and without—: prevailing chaos, crumbling social structures, undermining of religious values, and Government’s apathy. Based on such themes, this paper examines, from Deterministic and Existentialistic perspectives, three representative fictions written in the 21st century: Reina James’s This Time of Dying (2006) on the deadly influenza of 1918, Amir Taj Elsir’s Ebola ’76 (2012) on the outbreak of Ebola in 1976, and Karen Maitland’s The Plague Charmer (2016) on the plague of 1361. The findings include: (a) the novels predict the contemporary society with their resonance of apocalyptic images and preventive measures, (b) they manifest ontological shifts as the orthodox worldviews are jolted, and (c) fictional and personal narratives are not less important than historical records on health in quest for existence.

scholarly journals Role of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) in Viral Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9366
Author(s):  
Anna Lubkowska ◽  
Waldemar Pluta ◽  
Aleksandra Strońska ◽  
Alicja Lalko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large group of chaperones found in most eukaryotes and bacteria. They are responsible for the correct protein folding, protection of the cell against stressors, presenting immune and inflammatory cytokines; furthermore, they are important factors in regulating cell differentiation, survival and death. Although the biological function of HSPs is to maintain cell homeostasis, some of them can be used by viruses both to fold their proteins and increase the chances of survival in unfavorable host conditions. Folding viral proteins as well as replicating many different viruses are carried out by, among others, proteins from the HSP70 and HSP90 families. In some cases, the HSP70 family proteins directly interact with viral polymerase to enhance viral replication or they can facilitate the formation of a viral replication complex and/or maintain the stability of complex proteins. It is known that HSP90 is important for the expression of viral genes at both the transcriptional and the translational levels. Both of these HSPs can form a complex with HSP90 and, consequently, facilitate the entry of the virus into the cell. Current studies have shown the biological significance of HSPs in the course of infection SARS-CoV-2. A comprehensive understanding of chaperone use during viral infection will provide new insight into viral replication mechanisms and therapeutic potential. The aim of this study is to describe the molecular basis of HSP70 and HSP90 participation in some viral infections and the potential use of these proteins in antiviral therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document