scholarly journals Comparative Observation of the Use of Combi 10 and Filter Paper in the Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium Infections

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
V. U. Obisike ◽  
F. O. Ikpe ◽  
E. U. Amuta
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
Filtration Technique

Urinary Schistosomiasis is neglected tropical disease (NTDs) caused by the trematode, Schistosoma haematobium. This Study was designed to comparatively observe the use of Combi 10 and filter paper in the diagnosis of Schistosoma hameatobium, and to determine the prevalence and intensity of the Infection among Primary School Pupils in Makurdi Metropolis. A survey involving 202 pupils from four different primary schools within the Makurdi Metropolis was conducted. Urine samples were collected from pupils between the ages 5 to 19 and examined for hematuria and Ova of Schistosoma haematobium using Medi Test Combi 10 and Polycarbonate Filters in Urine Syringe Filtration Technique (USFT) respectively. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium based on microscopic examination of Filter papers was 25.7% while prevalence of Hematuria was 35%. Prevalence of Proteinuria was observed to be 50% Infection Intensity varied from Light to heavy. In general infection was higher among males (26.3%) than females (25.8%; P>0.05) although statistically non-significant. The age specific prevalence ranged from 11.1% to 40% in 5-9 years and 15-19 years respectively (P >0.05), and showed no significant difference. There was also a strong positive correlation between the use Medi-test Combi 10 reagent strips and Poly membrane Filtration technique.  A total of 111 urine samples were positive to haematuria using combi 10 while only 52 urine samples were positive to S. haematobium using poly membrane filter paper, hence correlation is significant at 0.05 level. The above finding shows that S. haematobiumis prevalent among primary school pupils and the use of Combi 10 and Filter paper are both diagnostic tools that can be used in S. haematobium diagnosis. They can both ascertain the prevalence of the disease will provide a guide for the treatment and eradicating of the infection. Hence, decisive control measures including administration of praziquantel to pupils are needed.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MODELLING TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION FOR OUT-OF-SCHOOL TIME LEARNING ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Dr. Thadei A. Kiwango
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Technology Integration ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Out Of School

This paper determines the impact of modelling technology integration for of out-of-school (OST) learning on academic achievement in primary schools. The research was conducted in Arusha Region, specifically in Meru District. The paper adopted the experimental design, involving experimental and control groups. Each of the two groups comprised three (3) schools, making a total of six (6) schools. The experiment was conducted using Digital Video Disks (DVDs), mobile phones, notebooks and home assignment booklets. The tools were further supplemented by a list of perceived best practices, and examination papers. The findings reveal a statistically significant difference in mean scores between the control and experimental groups as confirmed by 95% confidence level whereby, F (1, 180) = 28.63, p=0. Based on the findings, null hypothesis was rejected, leading to the conclusion that the proposed model for OST technology integration is attributed to significant improvements in academic achievement for primary school OST learners. The implication of these findings is for researchers, and other educational stakeholders, including the government to invest in devising contextually relevant model, and mobilizing parents, teachers and learners with a view to hastening technology integration in order to improve academic achievements for primary school pupils. There is also a need for studies that further explore technology integration opportunities, and associated challenges in a bid to addressing poor academic performance among primary school pupils.

scholarly journals Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Pupils in Omogho and Awa Communities, Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Amarachukwu Nwankwo ◽  
Anthony Chibuike Onyebueke ◽  
Kindness Chidi Irikannu ◽  
Chibumma Immaculata Nzeukwu ◽  
Ifediba Vivian Onwuzulike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Background: Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs) remain a public health problem. Infections are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Aim: This study was to investigate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections, the prevalence of STH mixed infections in relation to age and sex, and to identify the risk factors associated with STH infections among pupils in Omogho and Awa rural communities in Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Study design: The study was a cross-sectional survey of faecal samples collected from 453 randomly selected pupils from four primary schools. Duration of study: The study was conducted between June and September 2017. Materials and methods: The faecal samples were examined by direct smear and formol ether concentration techniques. Questionnaires based survey was done to determine the risk factors of STH among the pupils. Results: The overall prevalence of STH infections was 44.2%. Among the schools, Primary School, Awa had the highest prevalence (17.0%) while Daughters of Mary Mother of Mercy Primary School, Omogho, had the least prevalence (5.3%). Others were Community Primary School, Omogho (12.8%) and Community Primary School, Awa (9.1%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of STH infections among the primary school pupils (p = 0.36, p > .05). Ascaris lumbricoides (17.2%) was highest while Strongyloides stercoralis (2.0%) was the least prevalent. Other STHs observed were hookworms (15.9%) and Trichuris trichiura (9.1%). Pupils who do not practice proper hygiene had highest infections. A total of 149(32.9%) who do not wash hands after the use of toilet had more infections than 51(11.3%) who wash their hands. There was significant difference on prevalence of STH with responses on hygiene practices (p = 0.00, p < .05). Conclusion: Absence of good toilet facility and adequate water supply in the schools made it difficult for the pupils to practice good hygiene. An integrated control of STH which should include provision of adequate toilet facilities for pupils, piped drinking water, chemotherapy and health education is recommended.

POWODY KŁAMANIA POLSKICH UCZNIÓW I STUDENTÓW

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Hamer ◽  
Katarzyna RAYWER ◽  
Elżbieta Monika Zięba
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
Age And Sex

Based on Paul Ekman’s typology of motives of lying, authors wanted to investigate how oftenthey motivate pupils and students to lie. Two studies were conducted: 1) in primary schools anda high school, 2) on different universities. In the second study we also measured the level of needfor approval and agency/communion (the Big Two). Both studies gave similar results, revealing thatpupils and students declared higher frequency of lying motivated by avoiding any inconveniencethan by gaining some kind of profit. Detailed analyses showed that the highest frequency oflying was motivated by two reasons: to protect oneself or someone else from danger and to avoiduncomfortable, awkward situations. Next in frequencies were motives driven by willingness toavoid any nuisance (e.g. punishment, embarrassment or to protect one’s privacy). In both studieslying driven by willingness to gain some kind of profit (e.g. reward, being liked, admired or togain power) was declared as rather rare. Analyses showed that the latter result was not free frominfluence of need for approval. Both age and sex played a certain role in these declarations. In thefirst study, boys significantly more often than girls declared to lie to protect oneself or someoneelse from danger, to secure one’s privacy and to gain power. There were no such differences in thesecond study (among students). As to age, primary school pupils declared lying to be liked (girls)and admired (boys) more often than teenagers in high school, while the latter declared lying togain power and to protect oneself or someone else from danger more often than primary schoolpupils. In turn, students declared, significantly more often than younger subjects, to lie for allreasons. The Big Two turned out to be of little significance – only lower level of communion was, asexpected, connected to higher frequency of both categories of lies (to gain / to avoid), especially incertain reasons of lying (e.g. to gain power or admiration). The results are discussed in the contextof further studies on bigger and more varied groups, Polish cultural specificity and possible biasinginfluence of need for approval in studies of lying.

scholarly journals Scientific Conceptions of Photosynthesis among Primary School Pupils and Student Teachers of Biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darja Skribe Dimec ◽  
Jelka Strgar
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Biochemical Process ◽  
Biology Student ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical process on Earth. Most living beings depend on it directly or indirectly. Knowledge about photosynthesis enables us to understand how the world functions as an ecosystem and how photosynthesis acts as a bridge between the non-living and living worlds. It is, therefore, understandable that photosynthesis is included in national curricula around the world. The practice unfortunately shows that students at all school levels mostly learn about photosynthesis by rote. Consequently, they have difficulties understanding this vital process. Research also shows many misconceptions in relation to photosynthesis among students of different ages. Based on these, the main aim of our study was to explore the scientific conceptions about photosynthesis held by primary school pupils and student teachers of biology. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing seven biology content questions.The sample consisted of 634 participants, 427 primary school pupils (aged 11–14), and 207 student teachers of biology (aged 20–23). We found that the populations of primary school pupils and student teachers of biology differ greatly concerning scientific conceptions of photosynthesis. The student teachers showed good and complex understanding of photosynthesis, while pupils showed some misconceptions (location of chlorophyll and photosynthesis in a plant, transformation of energy in photosynthesis). Analysis of the development of scientific conceptions about photosynthesis with age showed that there is very little progress among primary school pupils and none among biology student teachers. More involvement of student teachers of biology in practical work at primary schools during their study was suggested to make student teachers aware of, and better understand pupils’ misconceptions.

scholarly journals Gender as a Factor in Predicting Academic Performance in Agriculture in Primary School Leaving Examination in Gaborone, Botswana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tapela Bulala ◽  
Keabetswe Malima
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

The study looked at gender as it relates to academic performance of students in Agriculture Primary School Leaving Examination in Gaborone schools. The research was quantitative ex-post facto type design. The sample composed of 3781 (1751 males and 2030 females) students who wrote PSLE in 2012. The sample was taken from 43 primary schools in Gaborone area which included private and government schools. The results which included students’ scores were obtained from Botswana Examinations Council academic records and were not manipulated in any way. The results were then subjected to testing using Statistical Package for Social Sciences at significance level of 0.05. An independent t-test was conducted to determine significance difference and value of -5.964 which is statistically significance (P = 0.00) obtained and therefore the null hypothesis that states that there is no significant difference between males and females was rejected. The analysis revealed that girls performed better than boys and moreover there is a significant difference between males and females’ academic performance. It was therefore, recommended that the Gaborone Regional Education office intensify research to establish how other variables such as location, parental support and economic status of parents contribute to poor Primary School leaving Examinations.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Change in the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Between High and Low Prevalence Areas of White Nile State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungman Cha ◽  
Sung-Tae Hong ◽  
Jin-Su Lee ◽  
Hoo Gn Jeong ◽  
In-Sun Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Nile

This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, school-aged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE ROLE PERFORMANCES OF HEADMASTERS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN EBONYI STATE SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was carried out to identify the administrative role performances of headmasters of primary schools in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. The study also identified the challenges faced the headmasters in performing their roles and strategies for handling these challenges. Three research questions were developed in line with the purpose of the study. Three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study is 1471 headmasters and 10,188 teachers, and the sample comprised 150 headmasters and 1000 primary school teachers from the area of study. This sample was drawn using multi-stage sampling technique. A–21 item instrument termed “Headmasters’ Administrative Role Performance Assessment Questionnaire” (HARPAQ) was used by the researcher for data collection. The instrument was first validated by experts and reliability was determined using Cronbach Alpha Statistics and the reliability got was 0.85. The administration and retrieval of instrument were through direct contact and use of research assistants with the respondents. Data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation for the research question while z-test statistics were used for testing the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that all the 21 items were accepted by the respondents. Findings on the hypotheses tested revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean responses of headmasters and primary school teachers from Ebonyi state on the items presented. Adequate funding, prudency and accountability in fund management, regular leadership training of headmasters, formation of formidable umbrella union for the headmasters to always interact with government on issues of school funding and management, involving the PTA and community in school management among others were recommended.

Investigating the Four Acquisition Skills in Fifth-Primary-Iraqi-Kurdistan-School Pupils in Reading from Teachers' Viewpoints

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Natiq Saeed Ghayyib
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
Primary Pupils

The study is an attempt to investigate the four acquisition skills in fifth-primary pupils of Iraqi Kurdistan in reading from the teachers' viewpoints.  The sample of the study selected were (12) primary schools in Sulaimaniyah province in Iraq and its suburbs as parts of Sulaimaniyah Education Directorate in terms of (6) schools for male and (6) schools for female. Then, a questionnaire of (20) items was designed. The study aims at determining the four acquisition language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) of Iraqi Kurdistan students for the fifth-primary-school pupils in reading subject from the teachers' viewpoint and, then, arranging the skill according to its importance. The findings of the study proves that there is an influential factor that is the Glorious Quran , as they have sort of acquaintance on the Arabic language through reading and listening to the Glorious Quran.

Bizzy Break! The Effect of a Classroom-Based Activity Break on In-School Physical Activity Levels of Primary School Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Murtagh ◽  
Maureen Mulvihill ◽  
Oonagh Markey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

The school has been identified as a key setting to promote physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a classroom-based activity break on in-school step counts of primary school children. Data for 90 children (49 boys, 41 girls, 9.3 ± 1.4 years) from three Irish primary schools is presented. In each school one class was randomly assigned as the intervention group and another as controls. Children’s step counts were measured for five consecutive days during school hours at baseline and follow-up. Teachers of the intervention classes led a 10 min activity break in the classroom each day (Bizzy Break!). Mean daily in-school steps for the intervention at baseline and follow-up were 5351 and 5054. Corresponding values for the control group were 5469 and 4246. There was a significant difference in the change in daily steps from baseline to follow-up between groups (p < .05). There was no evidence that girls and boys responded differently to the intervention (p > .05). Children participating in a daily 10 min classroom-based activity break undertake more physical activity during school hours than controls.

scholarly journals The Practice of Noble Values among Primary School Students in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Mohd. Zailani Mohd. Yusuff ◽  
Mohamad Khairi Haji Othman ◽  
Asmawati Suhid ◽  
Rozalina Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Designs

Social problems among students have become very serious in recent years. Therefore, the issues that need to be addressed are the practices that exist among them. This study will share a research finding that identifies the level of practice of applying noble values among primary school children. This study used qualitative research designs through interviews and observations and quantitative survey studies where data were collected through questionnaires involving 321 primary school children from four primary schools in the North Zone of Peninsular Malaysia. Overall, the findings show that the practice of noble values is admirable. This study found that there was a significant difference in values of noble practices in terms of school types. In addition, the findings also found that values of respect are the most dominant values practiced by primary school students followed by other values.

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