Attitude and usage of Contraceptives among Married Couples in Northern Nigeria: A Review

In Nigeria, particularly in Northern Nigeria, low contraception use is one of the most important predictors of high fertility. Traditional methods such as periodic abstinence and coitus interrupts are recommended over modern contraceptives, which include hormonal and non-hormonal options, because they are more effective and have lower failure rates. High rates of unplanned pregnancies, abortions, maternal illness, and mortality are all associated with low contraceptive use. Contrary to popular belief, modern contraception is an important part of maternal, infant, and child health care. The idea of contraception, modern and traditional methods of contraception, couples' attitudes about contraceptive usage, and variables that limit contraceptive use are all discussed in the report. The internet, academic publications, conference papers, and textbooks were used to gather secondary data. Women's attitudes regarding contraception were influenced by myths and misconceptions, opposition from their spouses, religion, traditional beliefs, and habits, according to the study.

Download Full-text

Associations between intimate partner violence and married women’s condom and other contraceptive use in rural India

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh17090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anindita Dasgupta ◽

Niranjan Saggurti ◽

Mohan Ghule ◽

Elizabeth Reed ◽

Balaiah Donta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Condom Use ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Married Couples ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

The Past ◽

Contraception Use

Background The existing literature on the intersection between women’s reports of spousal intimate partner violence (IPV) and contraceptive use in South Asia is conflicted. Results vary based on method of contraception use and form of violence (physical or sexual), and few examine the relationship between IPV and various methods of modern spacing contraceptive (MSC) use. This study examines associations between IPV and MSC use among a sample of married, not-currently pregnant couples in rural Maharashtra, India (n = 861). Methods: Multinomial logistic regression models assessed wives’ physical and sexual IPV victimisation (for the past 6-months) in relation to the wives’ past 3-month MSC use (categorised as condom use, other MSCs [oral pills, Intrauterine device (IUD)] and no MSCs). Results: In terms of violence, 9% (n = 78) and 4% (n = 34) of wives reported recent physical and sexual IPV victimisation, respectively. The majority (72%; n = 621) did not use any MSC method in the past 3 months; 14% (n = 119) reported recent condom use, and the same proportion reported other MSC use. Recent physical IPV was associated with increased likelihood of recent condom use (AOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.20, 5.04), and recent sexual IPV was associated with increased likelihood of recent use of other MSC (AOR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.56). Conclusions: These findings reinforce the need for integration of counselling around IPV prevention and intervention programming into existing family planning services targeting married couples in rural Maharashtra, India.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated With Using Contraception Among Sexually Active Adolescents in Monocultural and Multicultural Families

The Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.1177/1059840519901165 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105984051990116

Author(s):

Eunji Kwon ◽

Myungsuk Kang ◽

Heejung Kim

Keyword(s):

Sexual Activity ◽

Sex Education ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Secondary Data ◽

School Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Comprehensive Health ◽

Cross Sectional Design

The purposes of this study were to compare the use of contraception by monocultural and multicultural adolescents and identify the multidimensional factors in an ecological model. This study was cross-sectional design with a secondary data analysis using national data from the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, including 3,031 participants (81 multicultural and 2,950 monocultural adolescents with sexual activity). The monocultural adolescents reported significantly higher rates of contraceptive use (61.66%) than multicultural adolescents (39.39%, p < .001). Monocultural adolescents’ contraception use was significantly associated with intrapersonal factors (gender, drinking, and using substances) and school factors (school location, grade, and sex education). School factors also associated with multicultural adolescents’ contraception use. To promote contraception use by multicultural adolescents with sexual activity, sex education should be tailored to meet specific cultural needs. In addition, risky behavior prevention should be part of comprehensive health promotion and sex education for monocultural adolescents.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Contraceptive Used by Married Couples in Chattogram Hill Tracts

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45889 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 120-122

Author(s):

Farzana Zafreen ◽

Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽

Md Abdur Razzak ◽

Md Habibur Rahman ◽

Md Abdul Wahab

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽

Married Couples ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

High Fertility ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Bangladesh is a densely populated country with high fertility rate. Contraception is an essential method for reducing fertility rate. Use of contraceptive depends on couples’ socio-cultural, education and economic condition. Chattogram hill tract is the least economically developed area where, education and health care facilities are hard to reach. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of contraceptive used bymarried couples of selected rural community of Khagrachari District. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017on 300married women age ranging from 15 to 45 years reported to outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital,Guimara,Khagrachari were selectedpurposively after informed written consent.All the necessary data were collected in a pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Results: Among the 300 respondents highest 42.7% was in age group of 15-25 years, 60% were married for more than 10 years, 38.3% were illiterate, 89.7% were housewives and 55.7% had monthly family income between five to ten thousands taka. Respondents’ ethnicity was Bengali 51.7%, Marma 18.3%, Tripura 18.7% and Chakma 34(11. 3%). About 53% respondents were using contraceptives among them95.6% were using temporary methods;60.4% oral contraceptive pill followed by injectable 15.8% and condom 9.4%. Barrier to contraceptives use was fear of side effects 21.9% followed by husbands’ non co-operation 24.9% and religious bar 22.7%. Conclusion: Prevalence of contraceptive use in Chattogram Hill Tract is lower than the overall rate of the country. Appropriate measure should be taken to increase the contraceptive use rate so that total fertility can be controlled. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 120-122

Download Full-text

Changes in demand for children between 2003 and 2013 in Nigeria: Evidence from survey data

Population Horizons ◽

10.2478/pophzn-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 16-29

Author(s):

Stella Babalola ◽

Joshua O. Akinyemi ◽

Clifford O. Odimegwu

Keyword(s):

Health Surveys ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Large Family ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

High Fertility ◽

Fertility Desire ◽

The North ◽

Demand For Children

Abstract Nigeria has one of the highest fertility rates in Africa. Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys indicate a virtual stagnation of fertility rate since 2003. Low contraceptive use and pronatalist attitudes are among the factors contributing to the high fertility rate in Nigeria. In this manuscript, we pooled data from three most recent waves of Demographic and Health Surveys to examine trends in demand for children over time and identify the factors associated with change in demand for children. The data show that demand for children has declined since 2003 although not monotonically so. Variables that were positively associated with increased likelihood of desiring no additional children were residence in the South-West (as opposed to residence in the North-Central), exposure to family planning (FP) messages on the mass media, number of children ever born, educational level, and urban residence. In contrast, uncertainty about fertility desire was more widespread in 2008 compared to 2013 although less widespread in 2003 than in 2013. The likelihood of being undecided about fertility desire was positively associated with discrepancies in family size desires between husband and wife, parity and Islamic religious affiliation. Programs should aim to increase access to effective contraceptive methods and promote demand for contraceptives as a way of fostering a sustainable reduction in demand for children. Furthermore, strategies that address uncertainty by fostering women’s understanding of the social and health implications of large family sizes are relevant.

Download Full-text

Predictors of modern contraceptive usage among sexually active rural women in Ethiopia: A multi-level analysis

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00621-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Setegn Muche Fenta ◽

Shewayiref Geremew Gebremichael

Keyword(s):

Rural Women ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Community Level ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Contraceptive Usage ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use ◽

Multi Level

Abstract Background Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan Africa countries with the lowest modern contraceptive prevalence rate and the highest fertility rate. This study aimed to assess individual and community-level predictors of modern contraceptive use among sexually active rural women in Ethiopia. Data and methods A sample of 9450 sexual active rural women aged 15-49 was extracted from the 15, 683 nationally representative samples of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Multi-level logistic regression model was considered to identify determinant factors of modern contraceptive use among sexually active rural women in Ethiopia. Result The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among respondents was 20% in rural Ethiopia. Injection (66.35%) was the most common type of modern contraceptive use. In the last full model of the multilevel analysis, individual and community-level factors accounted for 86.69% of the variation in the use of modern contraceptive methods. Secondary and above-educated women (AOR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.81), having 1-4 living children (AOR = 2.70, 95%CI: 2.07, 3.53), rich wealth status (AOR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.96, 2.60), married women (AOR = 17.31, 95%CI: 10.72, 27.94), having primary educated husband (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.67) and being working husband (AOR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.96, 2.60) were significantly positively associated with individual-level factors of the use of modern contraceptive methods. Besides, modern contraceptive use was negatively associated with Muslim women (AOR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.25, 0.33). Compared to the Tigray region, women living in the Afar, Somali, Harari, and Dire Dawa regions had lower use of modern contraceptive methods. Women who had access to mass media (AOR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.57) were more likely to use contraceptives than their counterparts. Conclusion The prevalence of modern contraceptive use among rural women has very low. Both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of modern contraceptive use. Consequently, the government and other stakeholders need to address educational opportunities; creating awareness about modern contraception and valuable counseling would increase modern contraceptive methods utilization.

Download Full-text

Iron-Containing Contraceptives and Their Effect on Hemoglobin and Biomarkers of Iron Status: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2340

Author(s):

Jordie A. J. Fischer ◽

Carolina S. Sasai ◽

Crystal D. Karakochuk

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Iron Status ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Oral Contraceptive Use ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Hb Concentration

Oral contraceptive use has been associated with decreased menstrual blood losses; thus, can independently reduce the risk of anemia and iron deficiency in women. Manufacturers have recently started to include supplemental iron in the non-hormonal placebo tablets of some contraceptives. The aims of this narrative review are: (i) to describe the relationship between oral contraceptive use and both anemia and iron status in women; (ii) to describe the current formulations of iron-containing oral contraceptives (ICOC) available on the market; and (iii) to systematically review the existing literature on the effect of ICOC on biomarkers of anemia and iron status in women. We discovered 21 brands of ICOC, most commonly including 25 mg elemental iron as ferrous fumarate, for seven days, per monthly tablet package. Our search identified one randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of ICOC use compared to two non-ICOC on increasing hemoglobin (Hb) and iron status biomarker concentrations in women; whereafter 12 months of contraception use, there were no significant differences in Hb concentration nor markers of iron status between the groups. ICOC has the potential to be a cost-effective solution to address both family planning needs and iron deficiency anemia. Yet, more rigorous trials evaluating the effectiveness of ICOC on improving markers of anemia and iron deficiency, as well as investigating the safety of its consumption among iron-replete populations, are warranted.

Download Full-text

Changes in contraception use among Brazilian women after childbirth, 2006-2013

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.981 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Felisbino-Mendes ◽

B Barrozo Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Inequalities ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Contraception Use ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Low Prevalence

Abstract Introduction There are gaps in knowledge regarding the neglected and vulnerable subgroups of FP actions in Brazil, such as postpartum women and women in general, regardless of their marital status. Objective To assess changes in the prevalence of use and in the contraceptive pattern of Brazilian women up to two years after pregnancy, between 2006 and 2013. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study which used secondary data from national surveys. We studied Brazilian women with up to 2 years postpartum, of reproductive age, sexually active, non-pregnant and menstruating, and compared them with all the other women. We estimated the prevalence of use, contraception pattern of contraception and ranking of modern methods. Percentual change in indicators between the years was evaluated by calculating the difference between estimates. Results 85% of Brazilian women used CM, remaining stable in 2006 and 2013, with a high prevalence of modern methods use. An increase in the use of CM was observed among those with up to six months postpartum (71.0% to 89.0%). Pills and condoms accounted for about 60% of modern methods used in the postpartum period in both surveys. There was an increase in dual protection (2.9% to 10.1%) and contraceptive insecurity (1.6% to 5.7%) and a reduction in sterilization (16.2% to 13.4%) and traditional methods (2.1% to 1.4%). Conclusions Even with the maintenance of a high prevalence of use of CM and with the increase in contraception among women with up to six months postpartum, regional inequalities in access to CM and low prevalence of the use of other methods made available by the Unified Health System (SUS) persist, pointing out the maintenance of the insufficient care, failures in the means to regulate fertility and that public policies still hinder to guarantee the sexual and reproductive rights of the most vulnerable population. Key messages Regional inequalities in access to contraceptive methods and low prevalence of other methods made available by the Unified Health System (SUS) persist. There was an increase in contraception use among women with up to six months postpartum in Brazil.

Download Full-text

Komposisi jenis kelamin anak, program Keluarga Berencana dan fertilitas

Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia ◽

10.14203/jki.v16i1.598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Mugia Bayu Raharja ◽

Robani Catursaptani ◽

Rahmadewi Rahmadewi

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Married Couples ◽

Married Women ◽

Sex Composition ◽

Elderly Parents ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Sex Preference ◽

The Family ◽

Living Children ◽

The Relationship

The number and sex composition of children are important for some married couples in Indonesia. Having sons in the family is considered as a must since they are argued to be the successor of the family lineage. The presence of daughters is expected to help with household chores and care for their elderly parents. The sex preference for children by the married couples can affect their number of children. This study aims to assess the relationship between the number and sex composition of children, contraceptive use, and the desire to have more children among women in Indonesia. The study employed the data from the 2017 Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit of analysis of currently married women aged 15-49 who have at least one living children. The results show that women with two or more children of the same sex had a higher tendency to have additional children and no use of contraceptives. The Family Planning program's campaign of similar values shared between son and daughter is still hardly accepted, hence, sex preference still exists. It is necessary to reformulate an effective concept for proper socialization of these values as an effort to control the fertility rate in Indonesia.

Download Full-text

Application-Based Medical Eligibility Criteria Model of Contraception Use

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v12n1p158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Haspita Rizki Syurya Handini ◽

Lita Angelina Saputri ◽

Yuliva Yuliva

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Research And Development ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Main Product ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Field Testing ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Contraception Use

Masalah kesehatan reproduksi termasuk keluarga berencana merupakan salah satu permas alahan yang belum terselesaikan pada MDG's .Reproduction health problem including family planning is one of the unresolved issues in MDG's.Menurut SDKI 2012 penggunaan According to the Indonesia Health and Demography Survey in 2012, the usekontrasepsi of modern contraceptioncara modern hanya was only57,9% dan unmet need 8,5%. 57.9% and unmet need reached 8.5%.Salah satu penyebab tingginya unmet One of the causes of high unmetneed dan drop need and dropout adalah keterbatasan layanan kontrasepsi. out was the limitation of contraceptive services.Pemanfaatan Alat Bantu Pengambila n Keputusan (ABPK) berupa lembar balik dalam pelayanan kontrasepsi The use of decision making aids (ABPK) with flip chart form in contraceptive service wasdipandang kurang praktis. seen as less practical.Kemajuan teknologi memungkinkan penggunaan aplikasi dalam berbagai keperluan termasuk pelayanan kesehatan. The advance of technology allows the use of applications in various purposes including health services.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui m odel k riteria k elayakan m edis p enggunaan k ontrasepsi b erbasis a plikasi. The purpose of this study was to determine the Application-based Medical Eligibility Criteria Model of Contraceptive Use.Jenis penelitian ini adalah research and development . This study was research and development (RnD). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah bidan yang melakukan praktik mandiri di Kota Padang yang diambil secara purposive sampling .The population in this study were midwives in independent practice in Padang, with purposive sampling technique. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatifData were analyzed qualitatively and quantitativelyuntuk to determine the respondent’stingkat level ofkepuasan satisfactionresponden teabout theaplikasi . application based model.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian responden meng harapkan ABPK lebih The results showed that most respondents expected the decision making aids to be simple, systematic, not in “back and forth” form and pictures included. Hasil uji preliminary field testing menunjukkan bahwa 56,2% responden memiliki tingkat kepuasan yang tinggi terhadap aplikasi.The results of the preliminary field testing showed that 56.2% of respondents performed high level of satisfaction about the application-based model.Pada main product revision , dilakukan perbaikan dengan penambahan informasi dan gambar tentang metode kontrasepsi. In main product revision, improvements were made by adding information and images about contraceptive methods. PenelitianThis researchini invent the design of application based medical eligibility model of contraceptive use titled “Application of Clinical Decision Making System of Contraceptive Use”.

Download Full-text

Examining the Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Northern Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-71531/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Natasha M Aduloju-Ajijola ◽

Omokhudu Idogho ◽

Farouk Yusuf ◽

Fatima Muhammed ◽

Jennifer Anyanti

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Modern Contraceptive Method ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Radio Programs

Abstract Background: The Northern part of Nigeria, has higher rates of child marriage, lower levels of contraceptive use, lower rates of antenatal care, fewer births delivered in a health facility, and higher total fertility rates and adolescent fertility rates than Southern regions. The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of current and intentions to use contraception, among young women of Northern Nigeria. Methods: The data analyzed in this study are from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, part of the Demographic and Health Survey by USAID. Results: Participants (N = 10066) ranged in age from 15 to 24 (mean = 19, sd = 2.76) from the three northern regions of Nigeria, primarily lived in rural areas (68.7%, n = 7107). We found that, 83.3 percent of the sample had heard of modern contraceptive methods, though only 3.6 (n = 357.2) were currently using a modern contraceptive method, and 43.4 (n = 4286.4) intended to use them. Conclusion: The primary predictors of contraceptive use include literacy, wealth, educational levels, being the decision maker regarding contraceptives, age of first sex, wanting more children, and decisional autonomy in the home. Since the literacy is low, interventions should utilize pictures and radio programs, traditional and religious leaders, and incorporate men.

Download Full-text