scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Irrigated and Drought Stress Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Sadia Perween ◽  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad ◽  
Mukesh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

A set of 48 rice genotypes were evaluated to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity under irrigated (control) and reproductive stage drought stress conditions during Kharif, 2018 at Rice Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), India. On the basis of D2 statistics, all the genotypes were grouped into nineteen clusters in irrigated condition with cluster I consisting of maximum number of genotypes (24) followed by cluster III (7) and rest of the clusters were represented by single genotype in irrigated condition. Under drought stress condition, forty eight genotypes were grouped into eleven clusters, cluster I consisted of maximum number of genotypes (24) followed by cluster II and III (8 genotypes in each cluster) and rest of the clusters were mono-genotypic. The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster XVIII and XIX (28.53), followed by cluster X and VIII (24.20), cluster XIII and XVIII (23.98) and cluster VII and XVIII (23.79) in irrigated condition while in drought stress condition the highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IX and X (31.72), followed by cluster V and IX (28.77), cluster VI and VII (25.98) and cluster IV and IX (25.98) indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes between these clusters. The hybridisation programme involving genotype of cluster XVIII and cluster XIX under irrigated condition and the genotypes of cluster IX and X under drought stress condition could be undertaken to isolate high yielding segregants, since these genotypes have high yielding potential, number of effective tillers per hill, relative water content, leaf area, root biomass, panicle length, biological yield, harvest index, plant height, number of fertile grains per panicle, total number of spikelets per panicle, leaf area and proline content with more genetic distances. The parents for hybridisation could be selected on the basis of their large inter-cluster distance for isolating useful recombinants in the segregating generations. Hence, these genotypes might be used in a multiple crossing programme to recover transgressive segregants. Therefore, it is suggested that if the diverse genotypes from these groups along with the other desirable attributes are used in breeding programmes, it is expected to produce better segregants for high grain yield and yield contributing traits due to non-allelic interaction.

scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on shoot development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215
Author(s):  
Tuan Minh Nguy ◽  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, drought stress was strongly affected on the development and yield of tomatoes. There are increasing interests in the study of physiological transformations in adaption to stress in plants In this study, effects of drought stress (mannitol at different concentration) on the development of tomato shoot were studied. Morphological and physiological changes during the development of shoot under drought stress conditions were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the combination of cytokinin and gibberellin was treated to increase the drought stress tolerance of plants. Results showed that mannitol at 20 g/L induced tomato drought stress. Shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, and the number of roots significantly decreased in the drought stress condition compared to the control. The formation superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurred in the meristem, elongation region and cap of the roots in the drought stress condition instead of only cap root in the control. In the drought stress condition, there was an increase in respiration intensity, proline and carotenoid content, and abscisic acid activity. In contrast, the content of chlorophyll, photosynthesis intensity, cytokinin and gibberellin activity decreased in comparison with the control. The combination treatment of zeatin 0.5 mg/L and GA3 0.5 mg/L improved the drought stress tolerance of plants. The shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area and number of roots of the treated plants were higher than those of the control plants.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Screening of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Reproductive Phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
MS Pervin ◽  
T Halder ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
MA Kader ◽  
TL Aditya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is a major abiotic constraint for growing rain-fed rice in Bangladesh. A total of 175 rice genotypes were evaluated using field-managed screening protocol to identify reproductive phase drought tolerant genotypes at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Twelve morpho-physiological characters viz, growth duration, plant height, tiller number per plant, panicle number per plant, panicle length, filled grain number per plant, sterility percentage, filled grain weight per plant, 1000 grain weight (TGW), straw weight per plant, harvest index (HI) and percent yield reduction were recorded. Multivariate analysis was carried out by using software Genstat 5.5 to measure genetic divergence among the rice genotypes. In total 175 genotypes were constellated into ten clusters in which the cluster I exhibited maximum genetic distances from cluster V and the lowest genetic distance was between cluster II and X. Inter-cluster distances were higher than the intra-cluster distances suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters and homogeneity among the genotypes within the cluster. Among the 12 studied characters percent yield reduction contributed maximum towards total divergence in the genotypes, which revealed that these parameters contributed more to grain yield under drought stress. The genotypes of cluster I namely Canthi bakla (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7279), Nizersail (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7281), Hashim (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7283), Uricheora (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7311), Goura Kajol (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7312), Chini Sail (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7343), Tall Biruin (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7355), Sakkar Khora (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7506) and Boaincha Biruim (BRRI Genebank Acc. No. 7573) performed better under drought stress, which could be used in the crossing programme as donor parent for the development of varietyBangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 27-34

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LOCAL RAINFED LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) IN BANGLADESH

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khalequzzaman ◽  
M. Z. Islam ◽  
Khaleda Akter ◽  
M. K. Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Cluster Distance

Genetic diversity of 40 traditional Bangladeshi rice genotypes was studied under rainfed lowland condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The inter cluster distances were higher than the intra cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster VI contained the highest number of genotypes (12) and the cluster IV contained the lowest (2). The highest intra cluster distance was noticed for the cluster VI and the lowest for cluster IV. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and IV followed by clusters IV and V, clusters I and IV, clusters IV and VI and the lowest between clusters II and VI. Regarding inter cluster distance, cluster IV showed high genetic distance from all other four clusters except cluster II. The genotypes from cluster IV could be hybridized with the genotypes of any of the four clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Days to flowering, duration and spikelets/panicle were mainly responsible for genetic divergence while considering mean values. Though filled grains/panicle and flag leaf area are the most positive contributors based on the latent vectors. The highest cluster means for yield and 1000 grain weight and other 2nd highest four yield contributing characters (viz. plant height, days to maturity, panicle length and flag leaf area) were obtained from cluster III. The highest flag leaf area, plant height, panicle length, filled grains per panicle and grain length were found in cluster V. Cluster IV had the lowest mean for yield and other moderate to low yield contributing characters. Therefore more emphasis should be given on cluster V and III for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster IV which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v21i1.17048

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of parental lines for hybrid development in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hasan ◽  
Umma Kulsum ◽  
MMH Rahman ◽  
MMH Chowdhury ◽  
AZMKA Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Yield Maximization ◽  
Hybrid Development ◽  
Panicle Weight

Genetic divergence of 40 parental lines comprising 30 restorer and 10 maintainer lines were studied through Mohalanobis's D2 and principal component analysis for eleven characters. Genotypes were grouped into five different clusters. Cluster V comprised maximum number of genotypes (thirteen) followed by cluster I and II. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters I and V (13.495) indicating wide genetic diversity between these two clusters followed by the distance between cluster I and 11 (9.489), cluster IV, and cluster V (8.969) and cluster I and cluster III (8.039). The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III (3.034) followed by cluster 111 and cluster IV (3.834) and cluster II and cluster V (4.945) indicating that the genotypes of these clusters were genetically close. The intra cluster distance in the entire five clusters was more or less low which indicated that the genotypes within the same cluster were closely related. Among the characters panicle weight contributed most for divergence in the studied parental lines. Difference in cluster means existed for almost all the characters studied. Highest mean value for number of effective tillers (7.8), days to 50% flowering (95.5), panicles/m2 (192.6), panicle weight (2.9), spikelet fertility (84.8), number of grains/panicle (177.8), days to maturity (123.6), and grain yield/plot (1065.5) were observed in cluster I indicated the parental lines fallen in this cluster having the genetic potentiality to contribute better for yield maximization of hybrid rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14386 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 617-624, December 2012

scholarly journals Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
EDI PURWANTO ◽  
SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI ◽  
YONIAR EFFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Four Levels

Purwanto E, Samanhudi, Yoniar Effendi Y. 2017. Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress. Trop Drylands 1: 69-77. The study aimed to examine the response of upland rice varieties at germination stage on several PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 concentration levels and to determine growth characteristics, physiological changes and yield of upland rice varieties under drought stress condition in a pot experiment. The study consisted of two experiments; the first was to study germination and early growth, and the second was to study the vegetative and generative growth of upland rice under drought stress condition. Experiments I and II were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factors and three replications. In experiments I, the first factor was upland rice variety comprised of 10 varieties and the second factor was PEG concentration consisted of four levels. In experiment II, the first factor was upland rice varieties that responded the best to drought stress in experiment I, and the second factor was the drought stress treatment consisted of moisture content at 100, 75, 50 and 25% field capacity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. The results showed that the germination and vigor index decreased with increasing levels of PEG concentration. PEG concentration of 25 g L-1 of water was the most optimum for screening drought resistant upland rice. In experiment I, Towuti, Situ Patengang, Kalimutu and Gajah Mungkur varieties showed the best response to drought stress. Increased intensity of drought stress resulted in a reduction of plant height, number of tillers, dry weight, relative growth rate, leaf area, number of grains hill-1, 1000 grain weight, dry grain weight hill-1 and root dry weight. The drought stress also caused an earlier flowering date and increased percentage of empty grain. Based on the dry grain weight hill-1, Towuti exhibited a higher drought resistance level than Gajah Mungkur, Situ Patenggang and Kalimutu.

scholarly journals Determination of the best indirect selection criteria in Iranian durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under irrigated and drought stress conditions

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Golparvar ◽  
Mohammad Gheisari ◽  
Davoud Naderi ◽  
Ali Mehrabi ◽  
Amin Hadipanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Yield Factor

In order to evaluate and classify morphological and morpho-physiological traits of durum wheat genotypes in drought and irrigated conditions 200 durum wheat genotypes were sown in modify augmented design with four replications during 2013- 2014 farming season. Two replications were considered as drought condition and two as irrigated. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis method and varimax rotation indicated that four important factors accounted for about 87 and 92 percent of the total variation among traits in drought and irrigated conditions, respectively. In drought stress condition, the first factor assigned 37 percent of total variation between traits and was significantly related with spike yield and it?s components. Therefore, this factor was regarded as spike seed yield factor. Other factors in drought stress condition accounted for 22, 16 and 12 percent of variation between traits and were entitled as plant seed yield, spike density and assimilate transmission factors, respectively. In irrigated condition, the first factor assigned 36 percent of total variation between traits and was significantly related with traits plant and spike seed yield, plant and spike harvest index, No. seed/spike and plant height. This factor was regarded as plant seed yield factor. Other factors in irrigated condition accounted for 24, 18 and 14 percent of variation between traits and were entitled as production, assimilate transmission and spike density factors, respectively. Overall, results revealed effect of different environments on extracted factors, percent of variation accounted for by factors and traits related with each factor.

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