scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Ripe Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Based Fruit Bars Using Herb Extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Anju K. Dhiman ◽  
Priyanka Thakur ◽  
Surekha Attri ◽  
Deepika Kathuria ◽  
Preethi Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Herb Extracts

Aim: Utilization of bulk availability of low cost ripe pumpkin into processed products with high nutritional and functional characteristics. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India, between the years 2015-2017. Methodology: A fruit bar was developed using pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) at different combinations of TSS (30, 35 and 40°Brix), citric acid (1, 1.5 and 2%) and pectin (1, 1.5 and 2%). Further, incorporation of different herbal extracts (ginger, mint, tulsi) @ 5, 10, 15 and 20% was standardized in order to enhance the functional characteristics of the product and best recipe was evaluated for quality and sensory characteristics during storage. Results: Pumpkin bar prepared at 40°Brix, 1.5% citric acid and 2% pectin got maximum sensory score and was liked very much. In case of herbal extracts, substitution by 10 % was found to be the best to prepare pumpkin-ginger, pumpkin-mint and pumpkin-tulsi bar. During storage, the chemical and sensory parameters decreased significantly (p<0.05) but the bars of all the treatments were of good quality up to six months. ALP was observed to be better packaging material as compared to LDPE and PP boxes. The product was able to retain 61.06% antioxidant activity and reflected 14.7 and 12.25 mm antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively when stored for six months under ambient conditions with minimal changes in quality attributes. Conclusion: It can be revealed that ripe pumpkin along with herbal extracts can be utilized successfully for the production of good quality and nutritionally enriched bar of remunerative cost.

scholarly journals Utilization of Ripe Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) for the Development of Fruit Bar

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Anju K. Dhiman ◽  
Priyanka Thakur ◽  
Surekha Attri ◽  
Deepika Kathuria ◽  
Preethi Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Β Carotene

The study aim at utilization of bulk availability of low cost ripe pumpkin into processed products possessing health benefits. A fruit bar was developed using pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) at 40°Brix, 1.5% citric acid and 2% pectin by varying cooking method (with and without cooking of ingredients; with and without cooking of ingredients using concentrated pumpkin pulp (PP)). Pumpkin bar prepared using concentrated pulp and with cooking of ingredients had obtained maximum sensory score, as well as maximum content of β-carotene (9.89 mg/100 g) and ascorbic acid (8.75 mg/100 g). Pumpkin bar was evaluated for quality and stability during storage. The values for chemical and sensory parameters decreased significantly during storage but the bar was of good quality up to six months under ambient conditions. Aluminium Laminated Pouches (ALP) was observed to be better packaging material as compared to Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) boxes. Hence, it was concluded that ripe pumpkin can be utilized for the production of good quality and nutritionally enriched bar at remunerative cost.

scholarly journals Lifetime Analysis of Rubber Gasket Composed of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber with Low-Temperature Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Young-Doo Kwon ◽  
Seong-Hwa Jun ◽  
Ji-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accelerated Life Test ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Lifetime Analysis

Most machines and instruments constantly require elastomeric materials like rubber for the purposes of shock absorption, noise attenuation, and sealing. The material properties and accurate lifetime prediction of rubber are closely related to the quality of machines, especially their durability and reliability. The properties of rubber-like elastomers are influenced by ambient conditions, such as temperature, environment, and mechanical load. Moreover, the initial properties of rubber gaskets must be sustained under working conditions to satisfy their required function. Because of its technical merits, as well as its low cost, the highly accelerated life test (HALT) is used by many researchers to predict the long-term lifetime of rubber materials. Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) has recently been adopted to improve the lifetime of automobile radiator gaskets. A four-parameter method of determining the recovery ability of the gaskets was recently published, and two revised methods of obtaining the recovery were proposed for polyacrylate (ACM) rubber. The recovery rate curves for VMQ were acquired using the successive zooming genetic algorithm (SZGA). The gasket lifetime for the target recovery (60%) of a compressed gasket was computed somewhat differently depending on the selected regression model.

Effect of Processing and Drying on Quality Evaluation of Ready-To-Cook Jackfruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Md. Hafizul Haque Khan ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Mainuddin Molla ◽  
Ashfak Ahmed Sabuz ◽  
Md. Golam Ferdous Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Citric Acid Solution ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Low Potassium

The study was conducted with the aim of processing and developing ready to cook jackfruit to evaluate their nutritional and sensory quality attributes. In this study, green tender jack fruits were harvested from 60 to 70 days after synthesis. Then the fruits were washed, peeled and cut into slices. The slices were treated by dipping into different solutions for each treatments viz. control (T1), 0.5% salt solution (T2), 0.2% citric acid solution (T3), 1000 ppm potassium metabisulfite (KMS) (T4), 1000 ppm KMS + 0.5% salt (T5), 1000 ppm KMS + 0.2% citric acid (T6), 0.5% salt + 0.2% citric acid (T7) and 1000 ppm KMS+ 0.2% citric acid+ 0.5% salt (T8). Then the treated sliced was steam blanched at 85°C temperature for 8 min. The roasted beef spices were mixed and then dried at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C temperature owing to preparation of ready to cook. Results revealed that ready to cook dried at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C temperature took 72 hrs, 48 hrs and 36 hrs respectively. Low potassium metabisulfite residue was observed with increasing blanching time and drying temperature. The physicochemical characteristics, phytochemical and antioxidant activities were retained more and the highest sensory score was obtained at 60°C temperature. The marketable life of the RTC jackfruit could be extended to more than 6 months. However, the findings suggest that green tender jackfruit treated with 1000 ppm KMS, blanched for 8 min and dried at 60°C is a quick and healthy option in terms of good marketable life, nutritional and sensory quality attributes. Keywords:Tender jackfruit, ready to cook, nutritional quality, sensory attributes, marketable life

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Citric Acid and Sodium Benzoate on pH and Microbial Profile of Soymilk

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnpaul I. Agbaka ◽  
Charles N. Ishiwu ◽  
Ajibola N. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Chemical Preservatives

Aim: To study the synergistic effect of chemical preservatives on the keeping quality of soymilk. Study Design: Ten soymilk samples were prepared and treated with different concentrations of citric acid and sodium benzoate and stored at ambient conditions. Place and duration of Study: The present study was conducted at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between March 2015 and June 2016 Methodology: Ten (10) soymilk samples were prepared. Soybean seeds (2 kg) that are free of dirt and stones were weighed and steeped in 4 L of tap water, a 12 h steeping regime was adopted. Each soymilk sample was formulated by adding different concentrations of sodium benzoate and citric acid, while the control sample had no treatment. All soymilk samples were then boiled at 75oC for 15 minutes and stored in storage bottles. Standard microbiological techniques were employed in the isolation and enumeration of potential spoilage organisms in soymilk samples. pH analysis was conducted throughout the storage period. Results: There was a decrease in pH of all soymilk samples with increasing storage time. pH at day 0 ranged between 6.2 to 7.2. Isolated bacteria in 10 soymilk samples included Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter species. However, results obtained showed that soymilk could keep up to 7 days at ambient temperature, encouraging the use of citric acid and sodium benzoate as chemical preservatives. Conclusion: In the present study, preservation of soymilk samples from a combination of citric acid and sodium benzoate which are chemical preservatives was found to be more effective than several organic preservatives. Hence, they represent an alternative source of chemical antimicrobial substances for use in food systems to prevent the growth of food borne microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of processed food.

scholarly journals Comparing the Use of High- to Low-Cost Black Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Sensors for Characterizing On-Road Diesel Truck Emissions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6714
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Sugrue ◽  
Chelsea V. Preble ◽  
Thomas W. Kirchstetter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The exhaust plume capture method is a commonly used approach to measure pollutants emitted by in-use heavy-duty diesel trucks. Lower cost sensors, if used in place of traditional research-grade analyzers, could enable wider application of this method, including use as a monitoring tool to identify high-emitting trucks that may warrant inspection and maintenance. However, low-cost sensors have for the most part only been evaluated under ambient conditions as opposed to source-influenced environments with rapidly changing pollutant concentrations. This study compared black carbon (BC) emission factors determined using different BC and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors that range in cost from $200 to $20,000. Controlled laboratory experiments show that traditional zero and span steady-state calibration checks are not robust indicators of sensor performance when sampling short duration concentration peaks. Fleet BC emission factor distributions measured at two locations at the Port of Oakland in California with 16 BC/CO2 sensor pairs were similar, but unique sensor pairs identified different high-emitting trucks. At one location, the low-cost PP Systems SBA-5 agreed on the classification of 90% of the high emitters identified by the LI-COR LI-7000 when both were paired with the Magee Scientific AE33. Conversely, lower cost BC sensors when paired with the LI-7000 misclassified more than 50% of high emitters when compared to the AE33/LI-7000. Confidence in emission factor quantification and high-emitter identification improves with larger integrated peak areas of CO2 and especially BC. This work highlights that sensor evaluation should be conducted under application-specific conditions, whether that be for ambient air monitoring or source characterization.

Facile, cost-effective plasma synthesis of self-supportive FeSx on Fe foam for efficient electrochemical reduction of N2 under ambient conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 19977-19983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Zheng Guo ◽  
Shijun Zhao ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Qiyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plasma Synthesis ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency

A non-precious, self-supportive FeSx NRR electrocatalyst was synthesized by a simple H2S-plasma treatment on low-cost Fe foam, which shows a remarkable NH3 production rate of 4.13 × 10−10 mol s−1 cm−2 and a high faradaic efficiency of 17.6%.

Using Response Surface Methodology in Synthesis of Ultrafine Copper Nanoparticles by Electrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1650001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tamilvanan ◽  
K. Balamurugan ◽  
K. Ponappa ◽  
B. Madhan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Ultrafine Copper

Electrolysis is a method used for producing copper (Cu) nanoparticles at faster rate and at low cost in ambient conditions. The property of Cu nanoparticles prepared by electrolysis depends on their process parameters. The influence of selected process parameters such as copper sulfate (CuSo4) concentration, electrode gap and electrode potential difference on particle size was investigated. To optimize these parameters response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Cu nanoparticles prepared by electrolysis were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). After reviewing the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), mathematical equation was created and optimized parameters for producing Cu nanoparticles were determined. The results confirm that the average size of Cu particle at the optimum condition was found to be 17[Formula: see text]nm and they are hexagonal in shape.

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of air sensor technology under ambient conditions in Denver, Colorado

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 4605-4615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Feinberg ◽  
Ron Williams ◽  
Gayle S. W. Hagler ◽  
Joshua Rickard ◽  
Ryan Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Data Completeness ◽  
Sampling Campaign

Abstract. Air pollution sensors are quickly proliferating for use in a wide variety of applications, with a low price point that supports use in high-density networks, citizen science, and individual consumer use. This emerging technology motivates the assessment under real-world conditions, including varying pollution levels and environmental conditions. A seven-month, systematic field evaluation of low-cost air pollution sensors was performed in Denver, Colorado, over 2015–2016; the location was chosen to evaluate the sensors in a high-altitude, cool, and dry climate. A suite of particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors were deployed in triplicate and were collocated with federal equivalent method (FEM) monitors at an urban regulatory site. Sensors were evaluated for their data completeness, correlation with reference monitors, and ability to reproduce trends in pollution data, such as daily concentration values and wind-direction patterns. Most sensors showed high data completeness when data loggers were functioning properly. The sensors displayed a range of correlations with reference instruments, from poor to very high (e.g., hourly-average PM Pearson correlations with reference measurements varied from 0.01 to 0.86). Some sensors showed a change in response to laboratory audits/testing from before the sampling campaign to afterwards, such as Aeroqual, where the O3 response slope changed from about 1.2 to 0.6. Some PM sensors measured wind-direction and time-of-day trends similar to those measured by reference monitors, while others did not. This study showed different results for sensor performance than previous studies performed by the U.S. EPA and others, which could be due to different geographic location, meteorology, and aerosol properties. These results imply that continued field testing is necessary to understand emerging air sensing technology.

scholarly journals Selective Oxofunctionalization of Cyclohexene over Titanium Dioxide-Based and Bismuth Oxyhalide Photocatalysts by Visible Light Irradiation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Adolfo Henríquez ◽  
Héctor D. Mansilla ◽  
Azael Martínez-de la Cruz ◽  
Lorena Cornejo-Ponce ◽  
Eduardo Schott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Metal Halide Lamp ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Bismuth Oxyhalide ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Oxygenated Products

Photocatalysis driven under visible light allows us to carry out hydrocarbon oxofunctionalization under ambient conditions, using molecular oxygen as a sacrificial reagent, with the absence of hazardous subproducts and the potential use of the Sun as a clean and low-cost source of light. In this work, eight materials—five based on titanium dioxide and three based on bismuth oxyhalides—were used as photocatalysts in the selective oxofunctionalization of cyclohexene. The cyclohexane oxofunctionalization reactions were performed inside of a homemade photoreactor equipped with a 400 W metal halide lamp and injected air as a source of molecular oxygen. In all assayed systems, the main oxygenated products, identified by mass spectrometry, were 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, and 2-cyclohexen-1-one. Titanium dioxide-based materials exhibited higher selectivities for 1,2-epoxycyclohexane than bismuth oxyhalide-based materials. In addition to this, titanium dioxide doped with iron exhibited the best selectivity for 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, demonstrating that iron plays a relevant role in the cyclohexene epoxidation process.

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