scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth (E. crassipes) with Ruminal Slaughterhouse Waste for Biogas Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Auma Omondi ◽  
Peter Gikuma Njuru ◽  
Peter Kuria Ndiba
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Invasive Aquatic Plant ◽  
Initial Drop

The use of biomass as renewable energy source is of interest in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and associated impacts of climate change. Water hyacinth (WH), an invasive aquatic plant of environmental concern has large biomass that is available for biogas production. Co-digestion of this largely lignocellulose biomass with other substrates may correlate process parameters and improve biogas production. This study evaluated co-digestion of WH biomass with various mix proportions of ruminal slaughterhouse waste (RSW) at 24, 32 and 37°C in order to assess the optimum proportion and temperature. The rate of biomethanation increased with temperature from 0.23 at 24ºC to 0.75 and 0.96 at 32ºC and 37ºC, respectively, and similarly methane yield improved from 14 at 24ºC to 40 and 52 L/kg air dried water hyacinth at 32ºC and 37ºC respectively. A WH: RSW ratio of 30% showed optimum acclimatization and methane yield in a residence time of 60 days. The duration of the initial drop in pH that indicates hydrolysis stage decreased with increase in proportion of RSW, indicating faster hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Longer and stable latter alkaline pH zone suggested improved biomethanation and greater biogas production. Co-digestion with 30% RSW at 24ºC improved biogas yield by 75% from 8.05 to 14.09L/Kg biomass, methane component of biogas by 9% from 59 to 68% and reduced the retention time for substrate by 36%, suggesting synergy in co-digestion with respect to biogas quality. Changing the temperature from 24 to 32ºC increased the yield by 186% and reduced retention time by 73%. The results demonstrated synergy in co-digestion of the two substrates and the process dynamics that are useful in a possible process commercialization. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Sugeng Triyono ◽  
Nugroho Hargo Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Average Analysis

The efficiency of biogas production in semi-continuous anaerobic digester is influenced by several factors, among other is loading rate. This research aimed at determining the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the biogas yield. Experiment was conducted using lab scale self-designed anaerobic digester of 36-L capacity with substrate of a mixture of fresh cow dung and water at a ratio of 1:1. Experiment was run with substrate initial amount of 25 L and five treatment variations of HRT, namely 1.31 gVS/L/d (P1), 2.47 gVS/L/d (P2), 3.82 gVS/L/d (P3), 5.35 gVS/L/d (P4) and 6.67 gVS/L/d (P5). Digester performance including pH, temperature, and biogas yield was measured every day. After stable condition was achieved, biogas composition was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. A 10-day moving average analysis of biogas production was performed to compare biogas yield of each treatment. Results showed that digesters run quite well with average pH of 6.8-7.0 and average daily temperature 28.7-29.1. The best biogas productivity (77.32 L/kg VSremoval) was found in P1 treatment (organic loading rate of 1.31 g/L/d) with biogas yield of 7.23 L/d. With methane content of 57.23% treatment P1 also produce the highest methane yield. Biogas production showed a stable rate after the day of 44. Modified Gompertz kinetic equation is suitable to model daily biogas yield as a function of digestion time.Article History: Received March 24th 2018; Received in revised form June 2nd 2018; Accepted June 16th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Triyono, S., and Wicaksono, N.H. (2018) Effect of Loading Rate on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 93-100.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.93-100

scholarly journals Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Dahahda
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Thermal Pretreatment ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Biogas Yield

The rapid depletion of natural resources and the environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels as the main source of global energy is leading to an increased interest in alternative and renewable energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant source of organic materials that can be utilized as an energy source. Anaerobic digestion has been proven to be an effective technology for converting organic material into energy products such as biogas. However, the nature of lignocellulosic materials hinders the ability of microorganisms in an anaerobic digestion process to degrade and convert organic material to biogas. Therefore, a pretreatment step is necessary to improve the degradability of lignocellulosic materials and achieve higher biogas yield. Several pretreatment methods have been studied over the past few years including physical, thermal, chemical and biological pretreatment. This paper reviews biological and thermal pretreatment as two main promising methods used to improve biogas production from lignocelluloses. A greater focus is given on enzymatic pretreatment which is one of the promising yet under-researched biological pretreatment method. The paper addresses challenges in degrading lignocellulosic materials and the current status of research to improve biogas yield from lignocelluloses through biological and thermal pretreatment.

scholarly journals Compositional Assessment of Selected Plant-based Substrates for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ugwu Tochukwu Nicholas ◽  
Nwachukwu Augusta Anuli ◽  
Ogbulie Toochukwu Ekwutosi ◽  
Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Corn Cobs

Enormous quantities of plant biomass are generated annually, as agricultural wastes. Lignocellulose is the main structural constituent of plants and represents the primary source of renewable organic matter on earth. This study was carried out to evaluate the lignocellulose composition, proximate and selected physicochemical characteristics of some selected plant-based substrates for biogas production. The substrates were: Corn cobs, Rice straw and Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes). They were collected, cut, dried for 72 hours at 320C, milled and subjected to hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose compositional analyses, using the standard Sox let extraction method. Standard methods were employed for proximate and physicochemical analyses. Results of the compositional evaluation showed that corn cob has the highest percentages of cellulose (42.0%), while extractives content was least (2.18%) in Rice straw. For the proximate analysis, the percentage carbohydrates (24.22) and ash (24.40) were highest in rice straw, while fat content  had the least values of 0.65%  recorded in corn cobs. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that Rice straw had the highest values of TS (94.55%) and phosphorus (928.57mg/kg), Corn cob had the highest TVS (85.53%) and organic carbon (50.46%) while Water hyacinth recorded the highest Nitrogen content (2.33%). They are good substrates for energy generation, and lignocellulosic biomass holds a huge potential to meet the current energy demand of the modern world. The knowledge of the lignocellulosic composition of the biomass would help in choosing appropriate pretreatment measures to achieve better hydrolysis which would translate to higher biogas yield.

scholarly journals How return sludge increase biogas production from cow manure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Ambar Pertiwiningrum ◽  
Ratih Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Joko Wintoko ◽  
Rachmawan Budiarto ◽  
Margaretha Arnita Wuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Methane Level ◽  
Alternative Energies

The energy needs in Indonesia are mainly fulfilled by fossil fuels based energy. Since there is the rise of fuel price, Indonesia government considers seeking alternative energies from renewable resources. Biogas becomes one of the alternative energy that supplies energy needs and manages cow manure waste in Indonesia. To increase adoption of biogas technology, biogas production through methane enrichment is required. The experiment was conducted with return sludge system. These instruments consist of a series portable bio-digester, gas holder and return sludge unit. There were three treatments on biogas production without and with sludge addition or re-use bio-digester sludge that produced after biogas production as raw material for next biogas production. Biogas that produced was observed every two days during 40 days. The results showed that the addition of bio-digester sludge increased biogas production and methane concentration. The optimum retention time of biogas production with sludge addition was 20 days with accumulation biogas volume of 156.38 liters or increased of 38.75 from biogas production without bio-digester sludge). The optimum retention time to increase methane level was 15 days with methane enrichment from 0.8% to 29.41%.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Water Hyacinth for Biogas Production in a Plug Flow Anaerobic Digester

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Soeprijanto Soeprijanto ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi ◽  
Melania Suweni Muntini ◽  
Arino Anzip
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) causes ecological and economic problems because it grows very fast and quickly consumes nutrients and oxygen in water bodies, affecting both the flora and fauna; besides, it can form blockages in the waterways, hindering fishing and boat use. However, this plant contains bioactive compounds that can be used to produce biofuels. This study investigated the effect of various substrates as feedstock for biogas production. A 125-l plug-flow anaerobic digester was utilized and the hydraulic retention time was 14 days; cow dung was inoculated into water hyacinth at a 2:1 mass ratio over 7 days. The maximum biogas yield, achieved using a mixture of natural water hyacinth and water (NWH-W), was 0.398 l/g volatile solids (VS). The cow dung/water (CD-W), hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/digestate, and hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/water (TWH-W) mixtures reached biogas yields of 0.239, 0.2198, and 0.115 l/g VS, respectively. The NWH-W composition was 70.57% CH4, 12.26% CO2, 1.32% H2S, and 0.65% NH3. The modified Gompertz kinetic model provided data satisfactorily compatible with the experimental one to determine the biogas production from various substrates. TWH-W and NWH-W achieved, respectively, the shortest and (6.561 days) and the longest (7.281 days) lag phase, the lowest (0.133 (l/g VS)/day) and the highest (0.446 (l/g VS)/day) biogas production rate, and the maximum and (15.719 l/g VS) and minimum (4.454 l/g VS) biogas yield potential.

scholarly journals Study of C/N Ratio Effect on Biogas Production of Carica Solid Waste by SS-AD Method And LS-AD

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Fariha Hundagi ◽  
Rizqi Pindy Wisudawati ◽  
Budiyono ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biogas is a renewable energy which can be used as an alternative source to replace fossil fuels. Recently, the use of energy has become an important issue because the oil sources and natural gas are depleting. Utilization of carica waste to produce biogas can reduce the consumption of commercial energy sources such as kerosene as well as the use of firewood. Biogas is produced by the process of organic material digestion by certain anaerobic bacterial activity in anaerobic digester. In this study we studied the influence of LS-AD and SS-AD methods, the effect of C / N ratio on biogas yield obtained and kinetics of biogas production reaction. The study was conducted by making a total solid variation of 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 19%, 21%, 23% and C/N ratio 25 and 30. The study started with carica waste collection process and examination of the total composition of solids and water content. Thereafter, calculation and determination of variation of C / N ratio by mixing the substrate with inoculum and urea into the reactor. Observe the volume of biogas produced every two-day intervals. The highest biogas production rate of 1.7825 ml/g TS day was obtained from carica solid waste variable by liquid state anaerobic disgestion and C/N 25.

scholarly journals Biogas and Methane Yield from Rye Grass

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vítěz ◽  
Tomáš Koutný ◽  
Milan Geršl ◽  
Jan Kudělka ◽  
Nuttakan Nitayapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Solids Content

Biogas production in the Czech Republic has expanded substantially, including marginal regions for maize cultivation. Therefore, there are increasingly sought materials that could partially replace maize silage, as a basic feedstock, while secure both biogas production and its quality.Two samples of rye grass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) silage with different solids content 21% and 15% were measured for biogas and methane yield. Rye grass silage with solid content of 15% reached an average specific biogas yield 0.431 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter and an average specific methane yield 0.249 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter. Rye grass silage with solid content 21% reached an average specific biogas yield 0.654 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter and an average specific methane yield 0.399 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter.

scholarly journals Delineating Comparative Studies on Biogas Production from Camel, Donkey and Horse Dungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Buhari S. ◽  
M.N Yahaya ◽  
Nasiru A.
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Cost

The cost and the health effects of using other forms of energy, such as energy from fossil fuels and coal, make it necessary to find alternative sources of energy which are cheap and have no health effects on humans, animals and the environment. The energy derived from animal wastes, such as camel, donkey and horse dung, provide that alternative source of energy to humanity. To treat the problem of fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions, biogas is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. The aim of this work is to compare the amount of biogas produced from cow, horse and camel dung. This work used three 1 litre capacity plastic gallons as prototype biodigesters. These biodigesters were operated and daily gas produced from the dung was observed for 37 days retention time. The digesters were fed with the same proportion of dung from each animal, and water. The operating temperatures of the digesters were maintained within the range of 34-390C, while pH values of the slurries ranged from 4.90 to 7.3. The biogas produced in 37 days retention time were found to be (4550 cm3)/150g for camels, (2210 cm3)/150g for donkeys and (4000 cm3 )/150g for horses. It was observed that the dungs were stagnant for one week, and the more the retention time, the more gas was produced. This investigation revealed that the gas production process was started on day 7, due to the fact that those animals were fed with fibrous materials and a longer time is required for digesting fibrous materials by microorganisms. The results obtained are compared in order of camel > horse > donkey. It was found that camels produce the highest volume of gas followed by horse and then donkey. The process of methane gas production, if extended to the commercial scale, would not only provide an alternative source of energy but would also be a means of environmental sanitation for the study area and Nigeria at large.

Investigation of Biogas Production Using Organic Kitchen Wastes through Anaerobic Digestion

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
D. Thamilselvan ◽  
K. Arulkumar ◽  
M. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Oil Crisis

The present day’sresearch interests on bioenergy have been expanded rapidly due to oil crisis of 1980s. This bio energy should be available in locally and it’spurer than the fossil fuels. The field of bio energyis important for governments, scientists and business people in worldwide because of its available in nature and renewable resource. Todays the most important renewable energy is Biomass. The biological conversion of biomass to methane has become rapidly increasing in present days. All types of organic wastes can be converted to methane. In this study the installed plant is a sintex floating type biogas plant. The cubic capacity of plant is about 1000 liter. The pH range is maintained in the level of 6.8 to 7.5. The fermentation time of the anaerobic digestion for the efficient usage of gas as a fuel is about 30 days. Our biogas plant is used for all types of anaerobic respirating wastes such as cow dung manure, kitchen wastes etc.The input feed of kitchen waste is about 10 kg per day. The output of the biogas yield is about 0.714 m3/kg. The composition of biogas is 50% to 60% of methane and rather than remaining 30% to 40% CO2and small amount of water about 2% to 5%. The performance characteristics of biogas plant are studied in this paper. To evaluate the performance of biogas production and pH variation throughout this study.

Comparative Analysis of a Locally Developed Biogas Digester Using Selected Substrates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Nwaigwe ◽  
Christopher C. Enweremadu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Biogas Yield

A work on the comparative analysis of selected substrates for biogas production using a developed digester is presented. The substrates utilized include cow dung and vegetable waste. The developed digester has 60 litres of substrate volume, incorporates ease of stirring the slurry and mobility of the digester within the farm. The digester was charged with cow dung and vegetable waste respectively with water in a ratio 1:2 at a mesophilic temperature range (20°C – 45 °C) for thirty days retention time and comparative yield within the same operating conditions was studied. The results obtained from the gas production showed that cow dung produced a cumulative biogas yield of 0.702 litres while vegetable waste produced a cumulative yield of 0.144 litres. This result showed that these wastes could be a source of renewable gas if operated on a large scale, while simultaneously reducing environmental pollution particularly within a farm. Also, the results highlight the selection options available to a rural farmer in terms of yield.

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