scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties and nutrient content of some slow pyrolysis biochars produced from different feedstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Islam Piash ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

Six slow pyrolysis biochars viz. farmyard manure (FM), water hyacinth (WH), domestic organic waste (DW), quick compost (QC), corn cob (CC) and rice straw (RS) were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. Biochar yielding capacity varied from 34 to 51%, depending on the used feedstock. Water hyacinth biochar exhibited the highest water holding capacity (495%), whereas corn cob biochar had the lowest (146%) regardless of its highest pore volume. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was found maximum among the plant derived biochars except corn cob. Rice straw biochar exhibited the least mean pore diameter while highest in domestic organic waste. All biochars possessed pH values more than 9. CEC of water hyacinth (WH) was highest, while lowest was in quick compost (QC) biochar. Smallest average particle size (0.54 ?m2) was exhibited by water hyacinth biochar. Organic carbon content ranged from 33 to 49%. Nutrient (N, P, K and S) status of biochar produced from domestic organic waste (DW) was found the maximum compared to the rest and corn cob (CC) biochar showed the lowest nutritional value.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 111-122, December-2016

scholarly journals Commercial Cokes and Graphites as Anode Materials for Lithium - Ion Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Derwin ◽  
Kim Kinoshita ◽  
Tri D. Tran ◽  
Peter Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSeveral types of carbonaceous materials from Superior Graphite Co. were investigated for lithium ion intercalation. These commercially available cokes, graphitized cokes and graphites have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The coke materials were investigated in propylene carbonate based electrolytes and the graphitic materials were studied in ethylene carbonate / dimethyl solutions to prevent exfoliation. The reversible capacities of disordered cokes are below 230 mAh / g and those for many highly ordered synthetic (artificial) and natural graphites approached 372 mAh / g (LiC6). The irreversible capacity losses vary between 15 to as much as 200 % of reversible capacities for various types of carbon. Heat treated cokes with the average particle size of 10 microns showed marked improvements in reversible capacity for lithium intercalation. The electrochemical characteristics are correlated with data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TAM), X - ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area analysis. The electrochemical performance, availability, cost and manufacturability of these commercial carbons will be discussed.

scholarly journals Compositional Assessment of Selected Plant-based Substrates for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ugwu Tochukwu Nicholas ◽  
Nwachukwu Augusta Anuli ◽  
Ogbulie Toochukwu Ekwutosi ◽  
Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Corn Cobs

Enormous quantities of plant biomass are generated annually, as agricultural wastes. Lignocellulose is the main structural constituent of plants and represents the primary source of renewable organic matter on earth. This study was carried out to evaluate the lignocellulose composition, proximate and selected physicochemical characteristics of some selected plant-based substrates for biogas production. The substrates were: Corn cobs, Rice straw and Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes). They were collected, cut, dried for 72 hours at 320C, milled and subjected to hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose compositional analyses, using the standard Sox let extraction method. Standard methods were employed for proximate and physicochemical analyses. Results of the compositional evaluation showed that corn cob has the highest percentages of cellulose (42.0%), while extractives content was least (2.18%) in Rice straw. For the proximate analysis, the percentage carbohydrates (24.22) and ash (24.40) were highest in rice straw, while fat content  had the least values of 0.65%  recorded in corn cobs. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that Rice straw had the highest values of TS (94.55%) and phosphorus (928.57mg/kg), Corn cob had the highest TVS (85.53%) and organic carbon (50.46%) while Water hyacinth recorded the highest Nitrogen content (2.33%). They are good substrates for energy generation, and lignocellulosic biomass holds a huge potential to meet the current energy demand of the modern world. The knowledge of the lignocellulosic composition of the biomass would help in choosing appropriate pretreatment measures to achieve better hydrolysis which would translate to higher biogas yield.

scholarly journals Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Chemical Method and its Antibacterial Property

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7257-7264
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Tem Analysis

Metal nanoparticles are gaining importance nowadays in nanoscience. The nanoparticle had better physical and chemical properties compared with solid particles due to their large surface area. The silver nanoparticles are employed mostly in medical and electrical applications having outstanding conductivity and antimicrobial activity. In the present investigation, NaBH4 and ethanol were used as a reductant and stabilizer agent from silver nitrate salt as a precursor. The silver nanoparticles obtained were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to determine their morphology and size. In XRD analysis, the average particle size was found to be 18.31 nm. The TEM analysis shows crystalline morphology with a face-centered cubic structure. The antibacterial activity was tested against two bacterial cultures, namely Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition zones of 19mm and 17mm were observed against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.

scholarly journals Flocculation Settling Characteristics of Ultra-Fine Iron Tailings with Rich Gypsum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Daiqiang Deng ◽  
Guodong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Iron Mine ◽  
Fine Tailings ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Because of the uniqueness of geological mineralization, tailings obtained from Chenchao Iron Mine have low SiO2 content of only 27.80%. Content of Al2O3 and MgO is 13.31% and CaSO4 is 22.09%. The fineness modulus of the ores is large enough for convenient mineral separation, thus resulting in 16.03% −5 μm particles and 27.76% −10 μm particles in the tailings, respectively. The average particle size is only 69.36 μm; it belongs to the category of very fine tailings. The natural sedimentation of tailings is extremely slow due to the comprehensive effects of their physical and chemical properties. Hence, sedimentation tests using four types of flocculating agents are conducted to accelerate the sedimentation of the tailings of Chenchao Iron Mine. Compared with natural sedimentation, the flocculating sedimentation is considerably quicker. Among the four flocculants, the sedimentation of sample using the special BASF flocculant is the fastest. When the tailings of 1 ton add this flocculant of 20 g, the maximum settling concentration reaches 60.98% after 40 min and its special gravity is 1.577 g/cm3, thus it fulfills future requirements of filling technologies. As the largest iron mine in the mid-southern region of China, Chenchao Iron Mine must turn to filling mining. This study can provide technological support for goaf management and environment-friendly treatment of solid waste in the Yangtze River basin, which plays important roles in ecological protection.

scholarly journals Blackberry pulp microencapsulation with arrowroot starch and gum arabic mixture by spray drying and freeze drying

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Augustus De Oliveira ◽  
Gislaine Ferreira Nogueira ◽  
Farayde Matta Fakhouri
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Drying Process

The objective of this research work was to obtain blackberry pulp powder (BL, without encapsulating agent) and microencapsulated blackberry pulp (ML, with encapsulating agent :mixture of starch arrowroot and gum arabic (1:1)) obtained by freeze drying and spray drying and evaluate their physico-chemical properties. The yield of blackberry freeze drying process was higher than the value found for spray drying process. The presence of encapsulating agent and drying method used for producing the powders influenced the average particle size, diameter, hygroscopicity, solubility, wettability and anthocyanin content of the powders. Keywords: process yield; average size; hygroscopicity; solubility; anthocyanin; antioxidant property 

scholarly journals Phytoavailability of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl and Zn in Arable Crop Systems Amended for 13 to 15 Years with Organic Waste Products

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Aurélia Marcelline Michaud ◽  
Valérie Sappin-Didier ◽  
Philippe Cambier ◽  
Christophe Nguyen ◽  
Noémie Janot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content

Repeated applications of organic waste products (OWP) are a source of trace elements (TE) inputs to agricultural topsoils. The present study aimed at (i) assessing the effects of repeated OWP inputs on the chemical properties of topsoils in two long-term field experiments (13 and 15 years; calcareous and non-calcareous soils), (ii) evaluating TE phytoavailability and their transfer to grain (winter wheat and maize) and (iii) identifying the underlying factors causing alterations of TE phytoavailability. In both field experiments, receiving compliant or slightly high doses of OWP in compliance with regulations, OWP and soil physicochemical properties and TE concentrations in soils and grains were determined. In situ phytoavailability of TE was assessed at two juvenile crop growth stages by analyzing TE concentrations in shoot plantlets. Depending on the OWP input amount, results showed that compared to the soil receiving no organic amendment, repeated OWP inputs significantly increased soil organic carbon content, pH, cation exchange capacity, total soil Cu, Mo and Zn concentration and the phytoavailability of Mo, while the phytoavailability of Cd, Mn, Ni and Tl was significantly reduced. No notable effect was observed for Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn phytoavailability. Statistical approaches suggested that due to the repeated OWP applications, increased soil organic carbon content and pH, were likely responsible for decreased TE phytoavailability (e.g., Cd).

scholarly journals PERBAIKAN SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TAILING MELALUI PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN BERBASIS BAHAN ORGANIK

EUGENIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Sondakh ◽  
D. M.F. Sumampow ◽  
M. G.M. Polii
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT A research Improvement on Physical and Chemical Properties  of Tailing Using Organic Matter as  Ameliorant. The experiment aims to study the effect of organic matter as an ameliorant on growth and yield of sweet corn,  and soil  properties of tailings, to design improvement in the physical and chemical fertility of tailings through the management of organic materials. The study used a Randomized Block Design consisting of 6 treatments. The treatments are: A = 100% water hyacinth, B = 50% water hyacinth + 50% chicken manure, C = 50% water hyacinth + 50% cow dung, D = 50% water hyacinth + 50% market waste, and E = 50% water hyacinth + 50% rice straw, and. F = 20% Water hyacinth + 20% cow dung + 20% Chicken manure + 20% market waste + 20% rice straw. Each treatment was repeated four times to obtain 24 pot experiments. Maize planted on the media as a remediator plant. Response variables observed, including: 1) physical andchemical properties of tailing before research, 2) physical and chemical properties of tailing after research, 3) plant height, 3) number of leaves, 4) length of cob, 5) diameter of cob, 6) weight of cob, measured at harvest time.. The results showed ameliorant-based organic materials can improve the physical and chemical soil tailings.Organic materials 20% Water hyacinth + 20% cow dung + 20% Chicken Pump + 20% market waste + 20% rice straw increase plant height and number of sweet corn crops.Organic ingredients 50% Water hyacinth + 50% chicken droppings give the best sweet corn yield.Keywords:improvement, physical and chemical, tailing,  ameliorant  ABSTRAK Penelitian Perbaikan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia dari Tailing Melalui Pemberian Amelioran Berbasis Bahan Organik bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh bahan organik sebagai amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis, serta untuk merancang perbaikan kesuburan fisik dan kimia tailing melalui pengelolaan bahan organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah: A = 100% enceng gondok, B = 50% eceng gondok + 50% kotoran ayam, C = 50% eceng gondok + 50% kotoran sapi, D = 50% enceng gondok + 50% limbah pasar, dan E = 50% eceng gondok + 50% jerami padi, dan. F = 20% Eceng gondok + 20% kotoran sapi + 20% Kotoran ayam + 20% limbah pasar + 20% jerami padi. Setiap perlakuan diulang empat kali  sehingga diperoleh 24 percobaan pot. Tanaman jagung manis sebagai tanaman remediator. Variabel respon yang diamati meliputi: 1) sifat fisik dan kimia sebelum penelitian, 2) sifat fisik dan kimia tailing setelah penelitian, 3) tinggi tanaman, 3) jumlah daun, 4) panjang tongkol, 5) diameter tongkol, 6) bobot tongkol, diukur pada saat panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa bahan organik berbasis amelioran dapat memperbaiki fisik dan kimia tailing. Perlakuan B adalah 50% eceng gondok + 50% pupuk kandang ayam dan perlakuan F (20% enceng gondok + 20% kotoran sapi + 20% kotoran ayam + 20% limbah pasar + jerami padi 20%) memberikan hasil jagung dan jagung terbaik. Amelioran berdasarkan bahan organik meningkatkan kandungan N, P, dan K dan memperbaiki sifat fisik tailing.Kata kunci : perbaikan, sifat fisik dan kimia, tailing, amelioran

scholarly journals Suppression of the Cycloidal Spin Arrangement in BiFeO3 Caused by the Mechanically Induced Structural Distortion and Its Effect on Magnetism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klebson Lucenildo Da Silva ◽  
Rafael Santiago Trautwein ◽  
Rodolfo Bezerra Da Silva ◽  
Martin Fabián ◽  
Erik Čižmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spin Arrangement

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) particles are prepared by a combined mechanochemical−thermal processing of a Bi2O3 + α-Fe2O3 mixture. Structural, magnetic, hyperfine, morphological and chemical properties of the as-prepared BiFeO3 are studied using X-ray diffraction (Rietveld refinement), 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It is revealed that the structure of the ferrite exhibits the long-range distortion (significantly tilted FeO6 octahedra) and the short-range disorder (deformed FeO6 octahedra). Consequently, these structural features result in the suppression of a space modulated cycloidal spin arrangement in the material. The latter manifests itself by the appearance of only single spectral component in the 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of BiFeO3. The macroscopic magnetic behavior of the material is interpreted as a superposition of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic contributions with a large coercive field and remanent magnetization. Taking into account the average particle size of the as-prepared BiFeO3 particles (∼98 nm), exceeding the typical period length of cycloid (∼62 nm), both the suppression of the spiral spin structure in the material and its partly ferromagnetic behavior are attributed to the crystal lattice distortion caused by mechanical stress during the preparation procedure.

scholarly journals Structural, optical, opto-thermal and thermal properties of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized through a radiolytic approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Kharazmi ◽  
Nastaran Faraji ◽  
Roslina Mat Hussin ◽  
Elias Saion ◽  
W Mahmood Mat Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Effusivity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zns Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This work describes a fast, clean and low-cost approach to synthesize ZnS–PVA nanofluids consisting of ZnS nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in a PVA solution. The ZnS nanoparticles were formed by the electrostatic force between zinc and sulfur ions induced by gamma irradiation at a dose range from 10 to 50 kGy. Several experimental characterizations were conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the chemical structure and bonding conditions of the final products, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for determining the shape morphology and average particle size, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) for confirming the formation and crystalline structure of ZnS nanoparticles, UV–visible spectroscopy for measuring the electronic absorption characteristics, transient hot wire (THW) and photoacoustic measurements for measuring the thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity of the samples, from which, for the first time, the values of specific heat and thermal diffusivity of the samples were then calculated.

Synthesis and characterization of single-crystalline CdS nanorods prepared by γ-irradiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiao Zhang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Wan ◽  
Huijiao Guo ◽  
Zheng Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Cds Nanorods ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Photoelectric Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soft Templates

Under γ-irradiation, thiacetamide (TAA) releases S2−in acidic solutions (e.g., pH = 3), and the S2−can react with available Cd2+in soft templates to form CdS nanorods. Single-crystalline CdS nanorods were prepared in this study. The effects of various synthesis parameters on the crystalline type, morphology, average particle size, and photoelectric properties were thoroughly investigated, including the concentrations of reactants, dose of irradiation, and the type and dosage of templates. The structure and selected physical and chemical properties of products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometer techniques. Results indicated that the ratio of reactants to templates greatly affected the morphology of CdS nanorods; the types of soft templates also had significant effects on the morphology and crystalline type of the nanorod products.

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