scholarly journals A Study of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Post Harvest Losses of Pineapple Sold at Wudil and Yan Lemo Markets of Kano State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. M. Yahaya ◽  
A. B. Kamalu ◽  
M. U. Ali ◽  
M. Lawan ◽  
Y. S. Ajingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Two Samples

This research was conducted to determine the fungal pathogens responsible for post harvest losses of pineapple sold at Wudil and Yen lemo markets.  Two samples of pineapples were purchased twice a week from both Wudil and Yanlemo markets for four months. The samples were investigated for the presence of fungal pathogen using standard microbiological methods. The methods involve mounting small portion of pineapple in the plate containing Potato dextrose agar to isolate the fungi. Three fungal pathogens belonging to Aspergillus species were isolated, and Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence of (50%). Followed by A. flavus with (27%). The A. fumigatus had the lowest frequency of occurrence of (23%). The differences between the fungal isolates recorded were significantly different (P<0.05) between the two markets, where higher fungal isolates were recorded at Yanlemo market 159 (40.6%) and Wudil 38 (9.71%). The study showed that the post harvest losses of pine apple in the two markets are attributed to fungal infection. Therefore, safe guarding the two markets from debris and dumps of rotten fruits and vegetable may assist in reducing fungal inoculums in the two markets.

Isolation and Identification of Fungal Pathogen Associated with Post Harvest Deterioration of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruits in Three Selected Markets in Jos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Ishaya ◽  
A. E. Anzaku ◽  
W. C. John ◽  
N. Janfa ◽  
O. Oke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Fruit Samples

Aim: This study was carried out to isolate, identify and characterize fungal pathogens associated with post-harvest spoilage of cucumber. Study Design: This research study was done using random sampling technique.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out from March to June, 2019 at biology laboratory Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Methodology: Fungi isolates were obtained from diseased portions of the cucumber fruit samples cultured on PDA media and incubated at 28ºC2 for seven days. The mycelial were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Pathogenicity tests were conducted for all the fungal pathogens identified by inoculating healthy cucumber samples and incubating for ten days with the readings being taken at two day intervals. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using LSD at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium sp., Geotrichum candidum and Yeast sp were isolated and identified. Result showed that Gada biu market was the most heavily infested location with all the fungal isolates. Geotrichum candidum constituted the highest (50%) occurrence of fungal isolates from all locations. All the fungal isolates were found to be pathogenic on cucumber fruits, with Fusarium being the most destructive, followed by yeast and Geotrichum candidum and the least was Aspergilus fumigatus. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed the isolates identified were involved in Cucumber spoilage. Therefore, Careful handling of Cucumber fruits should be ensured to prevent the spread of these pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals BIBLICAL CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ON POST-HARVEST PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET CORN SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Grace Purnamasari Christian ◽  
Wahyu Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

<p>The post-harvest fungi is one of the greatest cause of various diseases. Particularly, in fungus that infects seeds, the toxic substance called aflatoxin is found. This has caused us to wonder: Has fungi been pathogenic fungi since the beginning of creation? The purpose of this research is to study: 1) The Place of Fungi in God’s Original Creation and the Origin of Pathogenic Fungi, 2) Characterization of post-harvest fungus on corn seeds, 3) Aspergillus sp.’s Structure as Proof of God’s Wonderful Original Creation and Providence, and 4) The factors that contribute to the growth of fungi in post-harvest corn seeds and our responsibility. We conclude that in the beginning, fungi were a part of God’s originally good and perfect creation. These fungi were created by God with the structure and function to support its operation in fulfilling God’s creative purpose. The complex structure of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus that infected the corn seeds showed God’s providence after the Fall. Pathogenic fungi were the result of the Fall of man into sin. Their growth is caused by the failure to give proper care to the crops. But this should not discourage us since the Bible tells us that God is continually working to restore His creation. Therefore, we are called to be stewards of His creation, to develop and preserve whatever is entrusted in our hands, including the crops for God’s glory and under His authority until He has fully renewed and restored everything.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong> Jamur pasca panen merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar timbulnya berbagai penyakit, khususnya disebabkan oleh jamur yang menginfeksi biji-bijian dan menghasilkan substansi beracun disebut dengan aflatoksin. Keadaan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah jamur patogenik ada sejak awal penciptaan? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari: 1) Posisi jamur patogenik di awal penciptaan dan asal mula jamur patogenik, 2) karakteristik jamur pasca panen pada biji jagung, 3) struktur <em>Aspergillus</em> sp sebagai bukti dari providensi Allah akan ciptaanNya yang sangat luar biasa, 4) faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan jamur pasca panen biji jagung dan Tanggung jawab kita. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada mulanya, jamur merupakan bagian ciptaan Allah yang sungguh amat baik dan sempurna. Struktur yang kompleks dari <em>Aspergillus niger</em> dan <em>Aspergillus flavus </em>yang menginfeksi biji jagung menunjukkan providensi Allah setelah kejatuhan dosa. Pertumbuhan jamur patogenik merupakan gambaran kejatuhan manusia ke dalam dosa yaitu kegagalan manusia untuk memberikan pemeliharaan yang memadahi pada biji-bijian pasca panen. Namun demikian, keadaan ini tidak mematahkan semangat kita karena Alkitab mengatakan bahwa Allah masih terus bekerja untuk memulihkan ciptaanNya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kita semua menjadi pelayan atas ciptaanNya untuk mengembangkan dan menjaga apa yang dipercayakan kepada kita di bawah otoritasNya termasuk biji-bijian untuk memuliakan Allah hingga Dia secara penuh memperbaharui dan memulihkan segala sesuatu</p>

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN LOKAL TERHADAP Leptocorisa oratorius

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Senewe ◽  
Guntur Manengkey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
White Mycelium ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Leptocorisa Oratorius

ABSTRACT Leptocorisa oratorius is one major pest of rice in North Sulawesi. Hence, it is necessary to control the pest. The research objective was to identify and to test pathogenicity of local  entomopathogen fungi which infected  Leptocorisa oratorius. The pathogens were collected through sampling of L. oratorius which had been infected by the fungi in the field. The pathogenic fungi was isolated using PDA medium, identified followed by inoculation for pathogenecity test.  During several sampling pest, it was found that  L. oratorius was attacked by fungal pathogens in the field. The identification revelead that the fungal pathogens were Beauveria sp and Fusarium sp. Both the fungal pathogen produced white mycelium and could only be distinguished using microscope in the laboratory. Result of pathogenicity tests showed that the two fungal pathogens caused different mortality of the L. oratorius. Mortality of  L. oratorius caused by pathogenic fungus Beauveria sp was  30.3% . Whereas, mortality of  L. oratorius caused by Fusarium sp was only 3.33%. Keywords : pathogenic fungi, entomopathogen, pathogenicity tests, L. oratorius

Comparative studies of fungi associated with sea foods in different wetlands of Akwa Ibom State

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
I.N. Bassey ◽  
N.U. Asamudo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fish Samples

The study investigated fungi associated with sea foods, fish (Pellonula leonensis) and crayfish (Parapandalus pritis) from different wetlands (Ibeno, Ikot Abasi, Eket and Itu) in Akwa Ibom State. Samples were collected and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and the isolated fungi were identified using molecular technique. Based on PCR amplification, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and phylogenetic analysis, the fungi identified were: Aspergillus niger, A. felis, A. foetidus, A. aculeatus, A. japonicus, A. flavus, A. tamari, A. terreus, Penicilium citrinum, Candida tropicalis and Trametes polyzona. The most commonly isolated fungi from fish for the four locations were A. niger (52.8) in Itu, P. citrinum (51.7) in Ibeno, A. foetidus (53.5) in Ikot Abasi and A. aculeatus (51.6) in Eket. For samples of crayfish, the most commonly isolated fungi were A. niger (25.1) in Itu and A. foetidus (20.1) in Ikot Abasi. Generally, Ibeno recorded the highest frequencies of fungal isolates while Ikot Abasi had the least. Percentage occurrence of fungi isolated from fish samples were significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared with those isolated from crayfish samples. The presence of these fungi showed that sea foods were exposed to an increasing number of virulent infectious diseases in natural populations, and fungal-like diseases can cause some of the most severe die-offs and extinctions ever witnessed in wild species thus jeopardizing food security Keywords: Fungi, Sea food, Wetland, Aspergillus, Fish.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase 1, but not phytochelatin synthesis, functions in extracellular defense against multiple fungal pathogens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Hematy ◽  
Melisa Lim ◽  
Candice Cherk ◽  
Paweł Bednarek ◽  
Mariola Piślewska-Bednarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Phytochelatin Synthase ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Glutathione Conjugates ◽  
Heavy Metal Detoxification ◽  
Indole Glucosinolate

ABSTRACTPhytochelatin synthase (PCS) is a key component of heavy metal detoxification in plants. PCS catalyzes both the synthesis of the peptide phytochelatin from glutathione as well as the degradation of glutathione conjugates via peptidase activity. Here, we describe a hitherto uncharacterized role for PCS in disease resistance against plant pathogenic fungi. The pen4 mutant, which is allelic to cadmium insensitive 1 (cad1/pcs1) mutants, was recovered from a screen for Arabidopsis mutants with reduced resistance to the non-adapted barley fungal pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. PCS1, which is found in the cytoplasm of cells of healthy plants, translocates upon pathogen attack and colocalizes with the PEN2 myrosinase on the surface of immobilized mitochondria. pcs1 and pen2 mutant plants exhibit a similar metabolic defect in the accumulation of pathogen-inducible indole glucosinolate-derived compounds, suggesting that PEN2 and PCS1 act in the same metabolic pathway. The function of PCS1 in this pathway is independent of phytochelatin synthesis and deglycination of glutathione conjugates, as catalytic-site mutants of PCS1 are still functional in indole glucosinolate metabolism. In uncovering a previously unknown function for PCS1, we reveal this enzyme to be a moonlighting protein important for plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Studies on Fungi Isolated From Dioscorea rotundata (YAM) Collected From Open Markets in Lagos Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Adeogun O. Oluwagbenga ◽  
Adekunle A. Adedotun ◽  
Samuel O. Temitope ◽  
Ebabhi A. Margaret
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Open Markets

Healthy and diseased white yams tubers (Dioscorea rotundata) were collected from three different open markets in Lagos State. Fungi were isolated from the yam twice monthly for three months. The fungi isolated were identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor racemosa, Botryodiplodia thoebromae and Macrophomina phaseolina. A. niger and A. flavus were found to be the most prevalent fungi isolates while the occurrence of B. thoebromae, M. phaseolina and Mucor racemosa were less prevalent. Selected fungicides (Captan, Dithane M45, Difolatan and Benlate) were assayed against the fungal isolates. Captan and Dithane showed the highest inhibitory activity against all the isolates. The proximate analysis revealed the real gradual reduction in ash, lipid and crude fibre contents in the diseased yam tubers with reference to healthy yam except protein and moisture that had an insignificant increase in the diseased yam. The results highlight the potential of the fungicides for post-harvest preservation of Dioscorea rotundata in which the viability has been reduced because of post-harvest losses.

scholarly journals Production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390
Author(s):  
Makwin Danladi Makut ◽  
Chioma Deborah Nzeduru ◽  
Ike Kenneth Ekeleme ◽  
Jibril Egwu Owuna ◽  
Obuneme Smart Obiekezeie
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods

This investigation aimed at production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation and identification of the fungal isolates. The yields of gluconic acid produced by the different isolates of the fungi were determined using gas chromatograph and mass Spectrometry. The occurrence of fungi showed that Rhizopus oryzae was 100%, Aspergillus carneus was 75.0%, Aspergillus niger was 75.0% and Aspergillus terreus was 100% while Trichoderma viride was 25.0% and Fusarium moniliforme was 25.0%. The result further demonstrated that three species of the fungal isolates Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carneus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to produce gluconic acid. Screening for gluconic acid production showed that Aspergillus carneus isolated from locations As1, Cs1 and Cs2, Aspergillus niger isolated from locations Bs1, Bs2 and Cs4 were able to produce gluconic acid. Result of effect of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and fermentation time on production of gluconic acid showed that Aspergillus niger Bs2 produced highest amount of gluconic acid at 28oC, similarly highest amount for gluconic acid produced by Aspergillus carneus As1 was at 28oC, whereas Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at 30OC. pH 6.5 was found to the best optima pH for production of both gluconic acid for the fungi studied namely Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest gluconic acid at pH 5.5. The substrate concentration showed highest production of gluconic acid was produced by Aspergillus niger Bs2 at substrate concentration of 25%. Aspergillus carneus As1 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20% and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20%. The fermentation time showed highest production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 was after 144 hours whereas F. moniliforme Bs4 produced gluconic acid after 120hrs respectively. The fungi species isolated from soil in keffi revealed great ability in production of gluconic acid.

scholarly journals Fungal food spoilage of supermarkets' displayed fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1877-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Saleh ◽  
Roda Al-Thani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Background and Aim: Post-harvest fungal infection of fruits and vegetables is mainly caused by fungal pathogens that can be harmful to both human and animals as they produce mycotoxins, post-harvest diseases in fruits and vegetables are a serious problem that results in the loss of a large percentage of crops reaching 50% in some fruits. This study aims at screening the post-purchasing shelf-life of four highly consumed fruits and vegetables and at identifying the fungal strains behind their spoilage in Qatar. Materials and Methods: Fruits and vegetables were collected from the market to study their post-purchasing shelf-life and to identify the fungal types involved in samples rotting. Factors that affect samples' shelf-life were also analyzed. Results: A total of 73 fungal isolates were isolated and identified, with the highest percentage of Penicillium (21.9%) followed by Rhizopus (17.8%). Interestingly, many mycotoxins producing and diseases inducing fungi were identified in this study; this includes Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Botrytis, Geotrichum, and Colletotrichum. Statistical analysis shows that different fruits have significantly different shelf-life and different predispositions for spoilage. In many cases, a strong relationship was shown between the fungal types isolated and the country of origin of the fruit. Finally, the price of the commodity did not have a significant effect on its contamination level nor did the market from which the sample was purchased. This indicates that the fruit displaying methods in Qatar do not affect their contamination level. Conclusion: The study is among the first reports about fungal types involved in fruits and vegetables rotting in Qatar and it highlights the strong link between spoiling fungi and their country of origin.

scholarly journals Isolation of Fungi from Maize Samples Collected from Selected Counties in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwancha S.N. Okioma ◽  
Japhet Mburugu Muthamia ◽  
Isabel Nyokabi Wagara ◽  
Eliud Mugu Gathuru ◽  
Paul Njenga Waithaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Background: Maize is the stable food in Kenya. However, its production has been jeopardized by the high prevalence of fungi in most developing countries and the whole world at large. Some fungi produce mycotoxins which threaten human lives.Methods: This study aimed at isolating fungi from selected Counties in Kenya. Maize samples were ground using a kitchen blender and cultured on Potato Dextrose agar at 28°C for 7d. The fungal isolates were identified using morphological and cultural characteristics. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 software.Result: The mean fungal isolates varied from 10.8±0.2 CFU/g in Wallenia spp. to 47.4±0.2CFU/g in Aspergillus Spp. The most common fungal isolates were Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicilium spp. The Mean fungal isolates from the selected Counties varied from Kitui (9.6±0.2 CFU/g), Machakos (9.7±0.3CFU/g), Bungoma (25±0.1CFU/g), Migori (25.3±0.3CFU/g), Kericho (25.3±0.2CFU/g), Kisumu (27.1±0.1CFU/g), Meru (27.1±0.2CFU/g), Kisii (28.5±0.1CFU/g) and Trans-Nzoia (30.1±0.3CFU/g). The number of spores in maize samples from baskets varied from 13.6±0.2-19.6±0.2, polypropylene (24.0±0.2-24.0±0.2), Jute (13.6±0.2-21.6±0.2) and polythene bag (48.0±0.2-72.0±0.2) CFU/g.Conclusion: This study established that maize in the selected Counties is highly contaminated by pathogenic fungi. The most prevalent fungal spp. were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The best maize storage material for maize were baskets. There is need of identifying the most prevalent fungi up to the molecular level. 

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Post Harvest Fungus Associated with Spoilt Broccoli

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Ikechi – Nwogu, Chinyerum Gloria ◽  
B. A. Odogwu ◽  
O. G. Obiakoeze
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Post Harvest Deterioration

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a nutritional vegetable that looks like a small tree. Despite the fact that it is extensively loaded with arrays of vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants, it has been observed that it has a short lifespan of not more than 2-5 days due to post-harvest deterioration. A study was conducted to isolate and identify the common fungal pathogens causing post-harvest deterioration of broccoli crown. Diseased broccoli crowns were collected from Ogunabali Fruit Garden Market in D-Line, Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. Fungal isolates were collected and morphologically identified. The DNA of the most common fungal isolate, BC-3B was molecularly characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer 4 and 5 (ITS-4 and 5) molecular markers. The morphological studies revealed that the BC-3B isolate was an Aspergillus niger. The BC-3B isolate DNA sequence was aligned using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide (BLASTN) 2.8.0 version of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The molecular weight of the DNA of the isolates was over 600base pairs. Based on sequence similarity, it was observed that the broccoli isolate BC-3B was 93% identical to Aspergillus niger. From the above results, these findings showed that Aspergillus niger is the causal fungal pathogen of post-harvest rot of broccoli. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to access the relationship between the isolates obtained from this study. This study has provided information on some of the fungal organisms found in broccoli. It is anticipated that this result will provide information for disease control approach for alleviating the post-harvest losses of broccoli caused by Aspergillus niger and provide a foundation for further study of possible harm of consuming diseased broccoli.

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