scholarly journals Integrated Use of Herbicide and Weed Mulch with Closer Spacing for Weed Management in Dry Direct Seeded Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Sagarika Malik ◽  
◽  
B. Duary ◽  
D. K. Jaiswal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Impact

The field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2015 and 2016 (June to October) at Agricultural Farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, India to study the impact of integrated use of weed mulch and herbicide with closer spacing on weed growth and yield of direct seeded dry sown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MTU 1010. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving sole or integrated application of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin, mulching with water hyacinth and Indigofera weed and closer row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental field was infested with 14 weeds out of which the predominant species were Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria, Ludwigia parviflora, Hydrolea zeylanica, Spilanthes acmella, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina benghalensis and Cyanotis axillaris. Integration of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing reduced weed dry weight by 75.92% over the weedy check. Integration of mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing increased grain yield by 37.27 and 41.12% over sole application of pendimethalin and water hyacinth mulch, respectively. Weed competition resulted in 57% reduction in grain yield of rice. Hand weeding twice (25 and 45 DAS) had a significant effect on the reduction of weed density and dry weight and increasing grain yield of rice which was followed by application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 along with mulching with water hyacinth at a closer row spacing of 20 cm.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Buta Singh Dhillon ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Sagwal ◽  
Navjyot Kaur ◽  
Gurjit Singh Mangat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.

A, The ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF JUNGLE RICE (ECHINOCHLOA COLONA L.) AND FALSE AMARANTH (DIGERA ARVENSIS FORSSK.) IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Amir Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1 ◽  
Amjed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Competitive Index ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT There is little understanding about ecological interference of weeds in direct-seeded rice. To get estimates of economic thresholds of two weeds in direct seeded rice, two-year field trials were conducted at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. Treatments included 0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 plants m-2 densities of each of Echinochloa colona and Digera arvensis laid out in randomized complete block design. Augmented densities of E. colona (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 weed plants m-2) enhanced its plant dry biomass up to 348 and 353%; and relative competitive index maximally to 80 and 77% in years 2015 and 2016, respectively. While the corresponding increases in plant dry weight and relative competitive index of D. arvensis were 367 and 360% and 79 and 82%. The enhancement in N (up to 258 & 257 %), P (up to 220 & 232%) and K (up to 293 & 301%) uptake in years 2015 and 2016, respectively were made by E. Colona whereas the corresponding increases in N, P and K assimilation by D. arvensis were as far as 265 & 257%, 238 & 233% and 305 & 298%, respectively. The declines in growth and yield of rice were observed in response to growing number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 9.8 to 80% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals The Impact of Road Light on Growth and Result of Soybean Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Jajuk Herawati ◽  
I. Indarwati ◽  
Tatuk Tojibatus S. ◽  
Mochamad Thohiron ◽  
Heru Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Price ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Impact

Until now, soybean is still one of the priority food commodities in Indonesia. in the agricultural revitalization program launched by the government in 2005, due to the high price volatility that did not rule out the possibility of shaking the Indonesian economy. Soybean plants can provide positive and negative responses to environmental changes growing above and in the soil.  This response can be known from phenotypic and physiological changes in plants. The environment on land which influences the growth of soybean plants mainly is the duration and intensity of irradiation, air temperature, CO2 content in the atmosphere. The study aims to determine the impact of street lighting on the growth and yield of soybean plants.  The study used a Randomized Block Design Method with 3 treatments,  and each treatment was repeated 9 times, so that it takes 27 treatment plots. J0= Distance of street lighting to soybean land (meters), J1: 50 meters, J2: 60 meters, and J3: 70 meters.  Observations were made one week after planting at 7-day intervals for growth parameters (plant height and number of leaves), while for the production parameters (Number of Content Pods/Plants, Dry Weight (DW) 100 Seeds, DW Seeds/Plots, and DW Seeds/Ha) are carried out after harvest. From the results of the study it can be concluded that there are real differences in the parameters of growth and production (number of filled pods, DW 100 seeds, DW seeds/plot, and DW seeds/ha), where the J3 treatment is capable of producing 2.89 tons/ha (an increase in dry weight of seeds/ha by 28.4%), compared to J1 2.24 tonnes/ha , although not significantly different from Treatment  J2

scholarly journals Pemberian Pupuk Silika Cair untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Toleransi Kekeringan Padi Sawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiyanta , ◽  
I Made Dharmika ◽  
Dan Dedeh Siti Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT<br />    <br />As one of the silica (Si) accumulator, rice (Oryza sativa L.) requires large amounts of silica for growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid silica fertilizer application on lowland rice growth and yield, and its roles in drought stress responses. The experiments were conducted at Sawah Baru rice field and Cikabayan Greenhouse Experiment Station, IPB, Bogor during the period of January to May 2016. The field experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with 7 treatments and three replications. The greenhouses experiment was arranged in a split-plot randomized block design with 3 replications. The main plots were 5 levels of liquid silica fertilizer application, while the subplot was 5 level of various soil water contents. The results of the field experiment showed that the application of liquid silica fertilizer increased rice shoot dry weight, total and productive tiller numbers, and yield per plant, but did not increase yield per hectare. Meanwhile at greenhouse experiment, it showed that the use of liquid silica fertilizer reduced the number of rice stomata, but did not increase cuticle thickness and grain yield per plant. Silica application was not effective to alter drought in rice.<br /><br />Keywords: IPB 3S, silica fertilizer, soil water content, water use efficiency   <br /><br />

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress and Potassium on Quantity Traits of Two Varieties of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Z. Fooladivanda ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
N. Zarifinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water stress is known as the major threat to reduced growth and yield of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Potassium is one of the indicators of plant responses to water stress. To evaluate the impact of water stress and levels of potassium on yield and yield components of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) (promising lines VC6172 and Indian), an experiment in the form of split factorial, based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in 2011, at the research farm of Safi-Abad Dezfool, Iran (latitude 32°16’ N, longitude 48°26’ E and altitude 82.9 m above sea level) .Water stress in three levels: irrigation at 120 (no stress), 180 (moderate stress) and 240 (severe stress) mm evaporation from pan, were allocated to the main plots and potassium fertilizer at three levels (0, 90, 180 kg /ha) and two varieties of mung bean (promising line VC6172 and Indian) were allotted to the sub-plots. Results showed that water stress and potassium fertilizer significantly affect all traits. The highest grain yield (2093 kg /ha) was obtained from no stress treatment in the case of 180 kg /ha potassium. Total dry matter, number of pods and grain yield, were significantly different between the two varieties. The interaction between fertilizer and variety, on dry matter and grain yield and the interaction between irrigation and variety, on dry matter were significant. We conclude that use of potassium fertilizer can reduce the adverse effects of water stress.

scholarly journals Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
L. K. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN DOUBLE ROWS SPACE ON BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-432
Author(s):  
EDUARDO LIMA DO CARMO ◽  
JOÃO VITOR ALVES DE SOUSA ◽  
CAMILA JORGE BERNABÉ FERREIRA ◽  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
GUSTAVO ANDRÉ SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Double Row

ABSTRACT The spatial arrangement of plants in the cultivation area is a factor that directly influences grain yield, since the best arrangement can result in the greater use of water, light and nutrients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sorghum sown in double row spacing in the Brazilian Cerrado. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted in the 2018 and 2019 seasons in a complete block design with a factorial scheme of 2 x 5. There were four replications, using two row spacing: traditional (0.50 m) and double rows (0.25 m/0.75 m) and five plant populations: 120, 180 (recommended), 240, 300 and 360 thousand, plants ha-1. Morphological characteristics, yield components and grain yield were evaluated using joint data analysis for the two years of study. In 2018, due to lower rainfall during the crop season, the use of a double row arrangement presented grain yield lower than traditional spacing. On the other hand, in 2019, the year with the best water distribution, the yield was superior to that of 2018. The increase in plant population per hectare increased the yield of sorghum grains, with gains of up to 24% in relation to the recommended population of 180 thousand plants ha-1, demonstrated that the densification in this crop can be a promising technique as long as its cost/benefit is considered.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on Nitrogen Remobilization and Grain Yield in Soybean (Glycine max [L] Merril) in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality in Northern Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514-1523
Author(s):  
John Bokaligidi Lambon ◽  
Joseph Sarkodie- Addo ◽  
James Mantent Kombiok
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Remobilization ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
N Remobilization

Two experiments were conducted in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana in 2012 and 2013 to assess the effect of N fertilizer on growth, N remobilization and grain yield of three local varieties of soybean (Glycine max [L] Merill). The experiments were a 3 x 4 factorial laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A was soybean varieties (Jenguma, Quarshie, Ahotor); Factor B was 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1. The experimental fields were planted manually on the flat by drilling and later thinned to 2 plants hill-1 at 0.50 m × 0.10 m with a population of about 400 000 plants ha-1. Growth and yield parameters measured were plant height, nodule number plant-1, nodule dry weight plant-1, percent nodule effectiveness, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. The results showed that the control recorded lower figures in all growth parameters. Nitrogen remobilization was also observed in all plots, which indicate that soybean needs greater levels of N during grain filling. Again, N remobilization and soybean yield were highest in the 45 kg N ha-1 treatment compared to the other treatments. However, considering the overall yields, farmers in the study area should be advised to adopt starter N fertilization of soybean for higher yields as the soils are highly degraded in soil fertility.

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