scholarly journals Evaluation of Indigenous Knowledge and Fuel Value Index of Some Selected Sudano-Sahelian Fuelwood Species in Damaturu, Yobe State of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
A. M. Dadile ◽  
O. A. Sotannde
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Increasing Demand

Fuelwood utilization in the sudano- sahelian region requires massive felling of tree species which in turn resulted to deforestation and sand dunce couple with scarce vegetation in the region. Moreover, fuelwood is not only used for domestic and commercial purposes but for livelihood sustenance. This increases the demand and intensity for fuelwood through indiscriminate felling of trees species for energy use, with a trend that does not appear to have the possibility of meeting the increasing demand in the future.  The study aimed to evaluate the indigenous knowledge and fuel value index (FVI) of ten selected sudano-sahelian fuelwood species and the results revealed a significant relationship between the indigenous knowledge and Fuel value index (FVI) of the ten selected fuelwood species. Higher FVI of 13.56MJ/m3 % 2 was obtained in A. leiocarpus followed by 6.61 MJ/m3 % 2 and 6.53MJ/m3 % 2 obtained in B. aegyptiaca and C. arereh meanwhile, lower energy fuelwood ranged from  0.11MJ/m3% 2 obtained in C. lamprocarpum. to 0 85MJ/m3% 2,   in  S. birrea respectively. Meanwhile, A. leiocarpus, C. arereh, C. molle, and B. aegyptiaca were the most preferred and possessed good fuel quality. The indigenous knowledge might not be solely based on their fuel properties but availability and other possible reasons. Therefore, those fuelwood species identified with higher energy value can be incorporated in to fuelwood plantation establishment programs and those with lower energy value fuelwood should be allowed for environmental restoration and amelioration.

scholarly journals Design of Power Monitoring and Electrical Control Systems to Support Energy Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fransiscus Yudi Limpraptono ◽  
Eko Nurcahyo ◽  
Mochammad Ibrahim Ashari ◽  
Erkata Yandri ◽  
Yahya Jani
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Control And Monitoring System

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the decreasing supply of fossil fuels in recent years have increased the cost of electrical energy. So that the culture of saving electrical energy is a habit that must be cultivated in the community. On the other hand, energy-saving behavior cannot be realized massively without a support system that can control energy use. With these concerns, it is necessary to develop a method that encourages a culture of saving electrical energy. This paper proposes a system that supports active energy efficiency methods that can support an energy-efficient culture. This system is an electric power monitoring system that is integrated with a smart electrical panel that continuously monitors the use of electrical energy and can control electrical loads automatically, record electricity usage, provide comprehensive reports and analyze energy usage. The method used to carry out this research is research and development. This research has produced a prototype of electrical power control and monitoring system that has a smart panel based on a raspberry PI 3 and PZEM-004t power energy meter. The monitoring system performs and executes automatic control of electrical loads. The system can also provide reports in the form of data monitoring in daily, weekly, monthly or annual period. From the test results, it can be concluded that the system can work well. This research is expected to contribute to providing a system that can support government efforts in saving energy.

Effects of fenitrothion on the arthropod food of tree-foraging forest songbirds

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda L. Millikin
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Forest Songbirds ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fenitrothion on the arthropod food of songbirds was measured using white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) branch sample and drop trays. Following ground application of fenitrothion at 293 g active ingredient/ha, there was a significant decrease in the biomass of arthropods as determined using branch samples from both tree species, but not until 5 days after the application (29% reduction for balsam fir, 35% for white birch). Samples from drop trays indicated an immediate kill of arthropods not associated with the tree. Most remaining arthropods on treated balsam fir trees were dead. These dead arthropods would not be suitable food for birds that require movement to detect their prey. There was no significant relationship between amount of deposit (treated trees only) and the reduction of arthropods for either tree species.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Methodologic Assumptions of the NOM-020-ENER-2011—Mexican Residential Building Standard

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Martin-Dominguez ◽  
Norma Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽  
Claudia Romero-Perez ◽  
Mario Najera-Trejo ◽  
Naghelli Ortega-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Many ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In Mexico, residents of low income housing mainly achieve thermal comfort through mechanical ventilation and electrical air conditioning systems. Though government and private efforts have risen to meet an increasing demand for social housing, the average construction quality and thermal comfort of new housing stock has decreased over the years. Various programs and regulations have been implemented to address these concerns, including the 2011 residential building standard NOM-020-ENER-2011. This standard attempts to limit heat gains in residential buildings, in order to reduce the energy consumption required from cooling systems, and was intended to be applied throughout Mexico. NOM-020-ENER-2011, however, divides the country into just four climatic zones and only considers the energy use of cooling systems, disregarding heating costs. The recommendations of this policy are thus inadequate for the many regions in Mexico that have mild to moderate winters. This study discusses the assumptions and calculations that underlie NOM-020-ENER-2011, identifying several problems and recommending specific changes to the standard that would lead to greater comfort and lower energy use throughout Mexico.

scholarly journals Validation of Farmer Perceived Soil Fertility Improving Tree Species in Agropastoral Communities of Bushenyi District

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert. K. Muzoora ◽  
Nelson Turyahabwe ◽  
Jackson G. M. Majaliwa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Erythrina Abyssinica

In sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda, there is declining soil fertility and limited on-farm use of inorganic fertilizers due to poverty and limited subsidies for inorganic fertilizer use. Thus, integration of soil fertility improving tree species (SFITs) in farming systems remains a plausible option to sustaining soil productivity. However, knowledge of the effects of many of the locally growing farmer perceived soil fertility enhancing tree species on to soil chemical and nutrient contents are thus still lacking, and this has constrained decisions on their adoption and scaling up. The objectives of this paper were to identify farmers' preferred soil fertility improving tree species in agropastoral communities of Kyeizooba subcounty Bushenyi district, and characterize their litter content and assess their effect on selected soil chemical properties. Semistructured questionnaires were administered to 333 randomly selected agropastoral farmers. Litter and soils under canopy soils were sampled from three different environments: Under canopy radius (A), canopy edge (B), open pasture land up to thrice the canopy radius (C). Results revealedEucalyptusas the most common tree species on livestock farms, followed byErythrina abyssinica. The highest litter content was recorded forMarkhamia lutea(240 g/cm2under its canopy) followed byCroton macrostachyus(90 g/cm2), and 19 g/cm2Erythrina abyssinica. Nitrogen was higher (P=.02) inErythrina abyssinicalitter, K and carbon inCroton macrostachyuslitter (P=.03). These results give evidence that of soil improversErythrina abyssinica,Croton macrostachyus, andMarkhamia luteamay positively affect soil fertility. Farmers' indigenous knowledge and or valuation of important tree species can be relied on, and thus, their indigenous knowledge need to be incorporated during identification of tree species for promotion in farming systems.

scholarly journals WASTE WOOD OF URBAN ORIGIN FOR ENERGY USE

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rogério Andrade ◽  
Ananias Francisco Dias Junior ◽  
José Otávio Brito ◽  
Thiago de Paula Protasio ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Waste Solid ◽  
Thermal Degradation Process ◽  
Increasing Demand

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for energy propels new areas of research in the search for sources that are economically viable and sustainable from an environmental point of view. In this sense, the objective of this study was to characterize a batch from urban wood waste aimed at energy use. We evaluate six different types of waste: solid wood, plywood, chipboard, MDF, OSB, and veneer. The residues were collected in a recycling plant in Piracicaba - SP and were taken to the laboratory to carry out the physical, chemical and thermogravimetric analyses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment (waste). Data analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test applied for multiple comparisons of means. Overall, there were no major differences between the results of solid wood residues and waste panels. Waste analyzed showed potential for energy use. It is recommended further studies to investigate the influence of different panels resins and coatings in its thermal degradation process.

scholarly journals Textural and sensory properties of spreads with sucrose and maltitol

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Petkovic ◽  
Biljana Pajin ◽  
Jelena Tomic ◽  
Aleksandra Torbica ◽  
Zita Seres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Smooth Structure ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Powder Milk ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mixer Rotation ◽  
Similar Texture

Spreads are confectionery products based on sugar, vegetable fat, cocoa powder, milk powder and other ingredients. Basic properties of these products are good spreadability in wide temperature range (from ambience to fridge temperature), rich creamy chocolate taste, and homogenous smooth structure without oil phase migration. Undesirable attribute of these products is their relatively high energy value (2300 kJ/100 g). In recent years, cocoa cream products with reduced energy values have become very popular among consumers and today they are present in the assortment of many confectionery manufacturers. One way to produce spreads with reduced energy value is the replacement of sugar (sucrose) with adequate sweetener. Maltitol is a low-energy poliol capable to qualitatively and quantitatively replace sucrose. Cocoa spreads with maltitol and with the combination of maltitol and sucrose (produced at different temperatures and mixer rotation speeds) have similar texture and rheological properties compared to the spreads with sucrose. The spreads with maltitol have about 15% lower energy value in comparison to the same product with sucrose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elemental and Chemical Compositions of Some Fuelwood Species for Energy Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. M. Dadile ◽  
O. A. Sotannde ◽  
B. D. Zira ◽  
M. Garba ◽  
I. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Fuelwood species are a crucial part of the ecosystem; they provide energy for cooking, heating, and lightening for both domestic and industrial uses. As a result of their value, there is a need for frequent evaluation of elemental and chemical compositions for management and conservation purposes. Since fuelwood is the most common and cheapest source of energy in both rural and urban areas in northern Nigeria, the study area is facing serious challenges due to indiscriminate felling of trees for energy use, irrespective of species quality for combustion. Therefore, ten fuelwood species were selected for this study. The selected trees were harvested at Dbh level, replicated three times. Four fuel materials were obtained from each tree sample; these include wood without bark (100% wood sample), wood with 5% bark inclusion, wood with 10% bark inclusion, and whole bark samples and they were evaluated for their inherent elemental and chemical compositions by employing ASTM and TAPPI methods. The results showed that there were significant differences in the tree species and fuel material types obtained from all the ten fuelwood species used. The results of carbon content ranges from 49.54% in A. sieberiana to 50.98% in A. leiocarpus. Meanwhile, the addition of 5% and 10% bark reduces carbon content of wood by 1.25% and 2.74%, respectively. Nitrogen content ranged from 0.31% in A. leiocarpus to 1.00% in A. sieberiana. Among the fuel materials used, isolated bark contained approximately 0.45% nitrogen content compared with wood without bark. Among the tree species, hydrogen content ranged from 3.99% in P. reticulatum to 4.66% in C. arereh. The variation in sulphur contents ranged from 0.24% in C. arereh to 0.93% in A. sieberiana. Lignin content ranged from 10.68% in A. sieberiana to 25.39% in A. leiocarpu and extractive content values ranged from 7.31% in A. leiocarpus to 19.33% in P. reticulatum. Meanwhile, the fuelwood species observed in this study with higher percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and lignin and lower nitrogen and sulphur and extractive content possessed quality fuel value and thereby were encouraged to be incorporated in fuelwood plantation establishment programs (A. leiocarpus, C. molle, C. arereh, and B. aegyptiaca). Lower energy fuelwood species should be allowed for environmental amelioration and carbon sequestration. However, bark contents should be removed for better heating and low ash production during combustion.

Ultra-high light confinement and ultra-long propagation distance design for integratable optical chips based on plasmonic technology

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4601-4613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Yufeng Yuan ◽  
Junjie He ◽  
Guoqiang Gu ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Light Confinement ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
On Chip

The ever-increasing demand for faster speed, broader bandwidth, and lower energy consumption of on-chip processing has motivated the use of light instead of electrons in functional communication components.

Design Methodology and Numerical Analysis of a Cable Ferry

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean M. Steinke ◽  
Ryan S. Nicoll ◽  
Tony Thompson ◽  
Bruce Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Model Scale ◽  
Reliable Design

Cable ferry systems offer many advantages including simplicity, low maintenance, low operations risk, and lower energy use when compared to freely maneuvering ferries. In this paper, a proposed ferry system on a long 2000m crossing is assessed using advanced time domain analysis with verification by model scale tests. The results are used to ensure a safe and reliable design with similar level of service to the incumbent ferry system on the existing route.

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