scholarly journals Nonylphenol and Its Ethoxylates in Water Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouakou Yao Salomon ◽  
N’doufou Gnosseith Huberson Claver ◽  
Akpo Kouakou Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including Alkylphenols and their ethoxylates, precisely Nonylphenol and its ethoxylates, are organic molecules that are of greatest current concern because of their ability to have a toxic or an inhibitory effect on living organisms by their presence or accumulation in environment such as water, sediments, soils and atmosphere. They are used in the production of surfactants, industrial formulations, pharmaceuticals, personal care products etc... The primary objective of this article is to review the literature concerning classification of Nonylphenol and its ethoxylates based on physical and chemical characteristics and technical feasibility of their usages. It also involved different ways of their introduction into environment, analytical methods (HPLC, GC-MS, GC-MS-TOF) for their environmental detection and quantification, and finally methods for their removal. Technologies proposed for nonylphenol and its ethoxylates degradation includes biodegradation, physical processes, conventional and non-conventional adsorption-oriented processes and photodegradation processes including photocatalytic oxidation which have a potential to reach complete mineralization.

Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents for the Treatment of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Using Liquid Membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
Santhi Raju Pilli ◽  
Tamal Banerjee ◽  
Kaustubha Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Liquid Membranes ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes

Presence of endocrine disruptors in water and wastewater pose a serious threat to all living organisms. The removal of such disruptors is a major challenge especially most of the time they are present in trace amounts. Several technologies were tested to see if 100% removal can be achieved. Most of the existing technologies failed to achieve the target and have their own limitations. Membrane technology and especially liquid membrane technology has of late generated extreme interest among the researchers working with pollutants in trace amounts. In this work, experiments on three endocrine disruptors such as BPA, PCP and ES are carried out using supported ionic liquid membranes to see their removal efficiencies. The effects of various process parameters were studied to optimize them.

scholarly journals Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic environment: implications for the drinking water industry and global environmental health

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Rahman ◽  
E. K. Yanful ◽  
S. Y. Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Trace Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a group of chemical compounds with diverse physical and chemical properties. Recent studies have indicated undesired effects of EDCs and PPCPs at their reported trace concentrations (ng l−1 to μg l−1). This paper reviews the current knowledge on the sources, properties, occurrence and health impacts of EDCs and PPCPs, and their removal from drinking water using ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide-based advanced oxidation. The paper also examines the potential threats posed by these chemicals to drinking water and public health. While these compounds are known to have adverse effects on ecosystem health, notably in the fish population, a similar link is yet to be established between ingestion of these compounds through drinking water and human health. In addition, data on the effectiveness of existing methods for the removal of these compounds are not conclusive. Further studies are required to characterize risks, and also to evaluate and optimize existing removal processes. Also concerted international effort is urgent to cut down the risk of exposure and restrain the production and marketing of toxic chemicals.

scholarly journals A Review on Recent Advances in Stabilizing Peptides/Proteins upon Fabrication in Hydrogels from Biodegradable Polymers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Raza ◽  
Hajra Zafar ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Yuan Ren ◽  
Aftab -Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Hydrogels evolved as an outstanding carrier material for local and controlled drug delivery that tend to the shortcomings of old conventional dosage forms for small drugs (NSAIDS) and large peptides and proteins. Aqueous swellable and crosslinked polymeric network structure of hydrogels is composed of various natural, synthetic and semisynthetic biodegradable polymers. Hydrogels have remarkable properties of functionality, reversibility, sterilizability, and biocompatibility. All these dynamic properties of hydrogels have increased the interest in their use as a carrier for peptides and proteins to be released slowly in a sustained manner. The therapeutical peptide and proteins are remarkable therapeutic agents in today’s world that allows the treatment of severe, chronic and life‐threatening diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis in an easy manner. Despite few limitations, hydrogels provide fine tuning of proteins and peptides delivery with enormous impact in clinical medicine. The primary objective of this article is to review current issues concerned with the therapeutics peptides and proteins and impact of remarkable properties of hydrogels on these therapeutic agents. Different routes for pharmaceutical peptides and proteins and superiority over other drugs candidates are presented. The article will also review literature concerning classification of hydrogels on different basis, polymers used, release mechanisms their physical and chemical characteristics and diverse applications.

scholarly journals RECENT ADVANCES IN HYDROGELS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Surojeet Das ◽  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Rini Tiwari ◽  
Leena Singh ◽  
Sachidanand Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric network, capable of entrapping substantial amounts of fluids. Hydrogels are formed due to physical or chemical cross-linking in different synthetic and natural polymers. Recently, hydrogels have been receiving much attention for biomedical applications due to their innate structure and compositional similarities to the extracellular matrix. Hydrogels fabricated from naturally derived materials provide an advantage for biomedical applications due to their innate cellular interactions and cellular-mediated biodegradation. Synthetic materials have the advantage of greater tunability when it comes to the properties of hydrogels. There has been considerable progress in recent years in addressing the clinical and pharmacological limitations of hydrogels for biomedical applications. The primary objective of this article is to review the classification of hydrogels based on their physical and chemical characteristics. It also reviews the technologies adopted for hydrogel fabrication and the different applications of hydrogels in the modern era.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Glucocorticoids’ Pathways in the Environment and Their Removal Using Conventional Wastewater Treatment Systems

Pollutants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Munshi Md. Shafwat Yazdan ◽  
Md Tanvir Ahad ◽  
Zayed Mallick ◽  
Synthia Parveen Mallick ◽  
Ishrat Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Economic Considerations

Numerous micropollutants, especially endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), can pollute natural aquatic environments causing great concern for human and ecosystem health. While most of the conversation revolves around estrogen and androgen, glucocorticoids (GCs) are also prevalent in natural waters. Despite the fact that GCs play a crucial role in both inflammatory and immunologic development activities, they are also detected in natural waters and considered as one of the EDCs. Although many researchers have mentioned the adverse effect of GCs on aquatic organisms, a complete management technology to remove these pollutants from surface and coastal waters is yet to be established. In the current study, six glucocorticoids (prednisone, prednisolone, cortisone, cortisol, dexamethasone, and 6R-methylprednisolone) have been selected according to their higher detection frequency in environmental waters. The concentration of selected GCs ranged from 0.05 ng/L to 433 ng/L and their removal efficiency ranged from 10% to 99% depending on the water source and associated removal technologies. Although advanced technologies are available for achieving successful removal of GCs, associated operational and economic considerations make implementation of these processes unsustainable. Further studies are necessary to resolve the entry routes of GCs compounds into the surface water or drinking water permanently as well as employ sustainable detection and removal technologies.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Benefits of Urban Stabilized Sludge Intended for Agriculture Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-378
Author(s):  
Ion-Viorel Patroescu ◽  
Stefania Gheorghe ◽  
Ioana Alexandra Ionescu ◽  
Ionut Cristea ◽  
Irina Eugenia Lucaciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Agriculture Soil ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Sludge reuse is one of the main challenges of waste management and an action with environmentally consequences that must be kept under control. The progress of civilization leaded to the globally increase of sludge production. WWTPs treatment technologies, sludge disposal/recovery and also quality control and toxicological involvements became parts of strategical actions at international level. The main disposal strategies for sludge management include agriculture or landscaping purposes, or final disposal. The accepted international policy is sludge application as organic fertilizer in agriculture. In this context, the research paper presents laboratory data used in decisional actions for the sludge land disposal. The study covers physical and chemical characterization of sludge resulted from Focsani WWTP, agriculture soil collected from around of Focsani WWTP and their leachates in compliance with national norms. In addition, the toxic effects on soil organisms (plants) were evaluated. Generally, soil and sludge quality meet the normed criteria for minimizing the potential impact on the environment. The leachate experiments showed the non-hazardous character on the soil properties of groundwater, the predicted impact being insignificant for the tested sludge / soil chemical composition. Ecotoxicological assessment of stabilized sludge showed inhibitory effects in the range of 25% to 100% on seed germination and root growth of plants Sorghum sacharatum, Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum. In the range of 1% or 5% no significant inhibitory effect of sludge on plants growth was observed. Sorghum sacharatum showed the best growth, but there were no relevant differences between species. A saftey dose of 5% sludge mixed with agriculture soil (250 tonnes per hectare) was established. A monitoring program of sludge / soil quality and also ecotoxic evaluation was recomanded for the saftey of crops growth and health of living organisms including humans.

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

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