scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Solvents on the Herbal Extraction of Antidiabetic Phytochemicals

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Samuel C. Iwuji ◽  
Chidimma V. Ogbonna ◽  
Chinonye I. Iwu ◽  
Wilson C. Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel C. Chibuike
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Ethanolic Extraction ◽  
Organic Laboratory ◽  
Phytochemical Extraction

Aims: The study determined and compared the herbal extraction yields using water, ethanol and hydromethanol solvent and the solvent extracting the highest antidiabetic constituents. Place: The study took place in the Department of Chemistry (Organic Laboratory), Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: The antidiabetic contents of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) were extracted by soaking using water, ethanol and hydromethanol (1:1) as solvents. The phytochemicals analysis was done both qualitatively and quantitatively (using Spectrophotometer (UV-V15)). Data collected were statistically analysed using SPSS version 10 tools. Results: The crude ethanolic extraction was found to give the highest extract yield of 46.06% and 38.91% from Moringa and bitter leaf, respectively. There were more phytochemicals obtained from Moringa (28+) than from Vernonia crude extracts (21+). The antidiabetic phytochemicals identified in both plants included Steroids, Phenols, Cardiac glycosides and Terpenoids. Ethanol extracted the Glycosides, Terpenoids and Phenols in relative abundance.. Hydromethanol solvent extraction yielded the highest concentrations of Steroids from Moringa (59.87mg/100g) and bitter leaves (75.43mg/100g) as well as highest extraction of Cardiac glycosides from both plants. Water extracted the highest concentrations of Phenols from both Moringa (0.32mg/g); bitter leaf (0.25mg/g) and Terpenoids from Moringa. Conclusion: This study suggests that the choice of solvent (s) for phytochemical extraction (s) should consider factors such as the plant material (s) and the phytochemical (s) involved. So, Water > Hydromethanol > ethanol could be used for extracting phytochemicals for diabetes therapy.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performances of rice (Oryza sativa var. nerica) after exposure to biosynthesized nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ikhajiagbe ◽  
F. A. Igiebor ◽  
M. C. Ogwu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Viable Seeds

Abstract Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a common staple food in Nigeria. However, cultivation is impaired by heavy metal contamination, particularly iron (Fe). This study aimed to investigate the impacts of biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing the growth and yield components of rice sown in ferruginous soil. Viable seeds of O. sativa var. nerica were sown in ferruginous and non-ferruginous soils. After four weeks, the plants were exposed to foliar sprays of biosynthesized NPs from silver nitrate, using extracts of leaves of Carica papaya, Vernonia amygdalina, Moringa oleifera, and Azadirachta indica; and the flowers of Hibiscus sabderiffa, following standard procedure. The originally prepared stock solution was diluted to give 5, 15, and 30% concentrations of each synthesized NP. Results Results showed that soil ferrugenicity impeded the growth and yield of rice. Azadirachta-synthesized NPs was better enhanced in the ferruginous soils, which might be due to Fe interaction and activities. Moreover, there was increased antioxidant activity in the ferruginous rice compared to the non-ferruginous rice, thus it is evidence that ferrugenicity is a major source of physiological stress for the rice plant. Conclusion The study provided evidence that Ag-NPs can enhance plant yield by huge proportions in ferruginous soil, a condition (ferrugenicity) that was hitherto inimical to yield disposition of rice.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Rhizospheric Fungi from Moringa Oleifera, their Phytochemicals and Secondary Metabolite Assessment Against Spoilage Fungi of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyabo Olunike Omomowo ◽  
Afeez Adesina Adedayo ◽  
Olawale Israel Omomowo
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Spoilage Fungi

This investigative study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Moringa oleifera rhizosphere against spoilage fungi of Citrus sinensis, as well as evaluate their phytochemical profile.  The bio-agents (T. viride and P. chrysogenum) and the Citrus sinensis spoilage fungi were isolated following standard microbiological protocols. Initial in-vitro screening of the isolated bio-agents against the citrus pathogens in the confrontational assay was done. Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of metabolites produced by the bioagents against the pathogens were also investigated. The inhibitory concentration (minimum/maximum: MIC and MFC) of the bioagent metabolites on the citrus pathogens was also assessed. The isolation screening investigation indicated that citrus pathogens isolated were P. digitatum, A. wenti, C. tropicalis and F. oxysporum and that P. digitatum had the highest frequency (43 %) of occurrence. The results also revealed that T. viride and P. chrysogenum significantly inhibited the pathogens on petri-plates using dual-confrontational assay. The phytochemical profile of the bioagents indicated there were flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and steroids present. Metabolites of the bioagents against the pathogens indicated that T. viride recorded the highest MIC against Fusarium oxysporum77±1.0and the highest MFC against Aspergillus wentti 97±1.0. Also, P. chrysogenum recorded the highest MIC against Fusarium oxysporum 59±1.0 and the highest MFC against Fusarium oxysporum74.33±1.52. This study indicated the antagonistic potentials of using Trichoderma viride and Penicillium chrysogenum in controlling pathogens of citrus sinensis and this could be exploited further in formulating biopesticides to improve post-harvest qualities of Citrus.

Anticonvulsant activity of Nylandtia spinosa L. Dumont (Polygalaceae) aqueous and methanol leaf extracts in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Amabeoku
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anticonvulsant Property ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of Nylandtia spinosa L. Dumont (Polygalaceae) were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against tonic seizures produced in mice by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), bicuculline, picrotoxin, and N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMDLA). Aqueous leaf extract of N. spinosa (50–400 mg/kg, i.p.) and methanol extract (50–400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated PTZ (95 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic seizures. Doses of 400 mg/kg (i.p.) and 100–400 mg/kg (i.p.) of aqueous extract of N. spinosa significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures elicited by bicuculline (35 mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (12 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Methanol extract (200–400 mg/kg, i.p.) and (50–400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures induced by bicuculline (35 mg/kg, i.p.) and picrotoxin (12 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively, whereas 400 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly reduced the incidence of picrotoxin (12 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced seizures. Both aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of N. spinosa did not affect NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced tonic seizures. Phenobarbitone (12.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized tonic seizures induced by PTZ (95 mg/kg, i.p.), bicuculline (35 mg/kg, i.p.), and picrotoxin (12 mg/kg, i.p.) but did not affect NMDLA (400 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced seizures. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter the tonic seizures produced by either PTZ (95 mg/kg, i.p.), bicuculline –2-(35 mg/kg, i.p.), or picrotoxin (12 mg/kg, i.p.). The results obtained indicate that both aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of N. spinosa possess anticonvulsant property, thus justifying the use of the plant by traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of epilepsy. The relatively high LD50 of greater than 3600 mg/kg (p.o.) and 1780 mg/kg (i.p.) obtained with the aqueous extract suggest that the plant is relatively safe in mice. The phytochemical analysis carried out showed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpene steroids, and cardiac glycosides in the plant material.

scholarly journals Repellency Effects of Three Indigenous Plant Extracts Against the Red Rust Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Northeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. A. Medugu
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Toxicity Effects ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Background: The current study was conducted in the Laboratory of Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola to evaluate the repellent effects of different concentrations of extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem, Moringa oleifera (Drum stick) and Hyptis souveolens (Pig weed) against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at various time intervals and their interactions. Three concentrations viz; 5, 10 and 15% were applied to evaluate the Repellence of T. castaneum at five different exposure periods of 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Repellence action of extracts of A. indica, H. souveolens and M. oleifera evaluated against the T. castaneum had maximum repellency (81.63%) at highest concentration of 15%, followed by H. souveolens (79.37%) and M. oleifera (50.46%). Regarding interaction between concentration and time, repellence increases with respect to increase in concentration, but reduces with passage of time. This shows that toxicity effects of these plant extracts is directly affected by concentration and time. Therefore, this study confirmed that these plant extracts are effective in the management of T. castaneum and most effectively at higher concentration within short period of time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Tanzanian Moringa oleifera Extracts against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061
Author(s):  
Sartaz Begum ◽  
Jenipher S Asenga ◽  
Valence M.K. Ndesendo ◽  
Baraka L. Ngingo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
E Coli

In vitro antibacterial activities of methanolic leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera grown in Dodoma, Tanzania were evaluated using standard microdilution and disc diffusion methods against extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Microdilution method showed no activity at concentration of 20 mg/mL for all the extracts except leaf extract which exhibited minimum inhibition at concentration of  2.5 µg/mL for E. Coli but when high concentrations of the extracts were used in the disc diffusion method then the results exhibited the highest killing susceptibility at concentration of 0.4 g/mL with zone of inhibition 31 mm for leaf extract and 26 mm for seed extract against E. coli, and 27 mm for leaf extract and 29 mm for seed extract against K. pneumonia. Additionally, when both extracts were screened qualitatively for phytoconstituents using standard methods, leaf extract confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides,  tannins and quinones, and seed extract confirmed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids and quinones. These phytoconstituents can be new sources of future antibiotics that potentially combat the existing problem of antimicrobial resistance and thus, creating an awareness in the community regarding the usage of M. oleifera growing widely but neglected in Tanzania in spite of its nutritional values and traditional uses. Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Phytoconstituents; Antibacterial activity; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

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