scholarly journals Psychological and Emotional Changes among Students Undergoing Different Teaching Strategies- A Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 933-941
Author(s):  
Srivaths Mukka ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Regular Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chennai City

Background: Stress is a common and serious threat that affects different populations in various age groups. Students belonging to professional courses in medical and dental colleges are subjected to higher levels of stress. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess stress associated with different teaching strategies in students of various professional colleges and its influence on academic, social and health-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students of medical, dental and engineering colleges from the urban area of Chennai city using a convenience sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was used for the data collection to analyse the level, frequency, reason for stress, stress symptoms, type of education they undergo, stress relief methods followed. This questionnaire was circulated by Google forms and the responses were collected. Analysis was done using frequency analysis and chi-square test. Results: Results revealed that the majority of participants about 57.7 % are undergoing regular education, 23% of students are undergoing express education and 18% of students are undergoing online education. About 70% of respondents stated that they feel stress. Majority of participant in the regular mode of education responded that they took antidepressant drugs (23%), music (16.5%) for the habit of fighting against stress and the association was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that most of the students underwent regular education and were better at academic performance and stress pertaining to academics was dealt with habit of hearing music and intake of antidepressant drugs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

scholarly journals An evaluation of compliance with the cigarettes and other tobacco products act 2003 in Koppal district, Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar P. Mane ◽  
Yuvaraj Bhanot Yenkanaik ◽  
Shankrappa Dhanapur ◽  
Sangappa Yallammanavar ◽  
Rashmi Sreenivasamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products

Background: Tobacco is a major risk factor for a number of diseases affecting all age groups. One person dies every six seconds due to tobacco use and up to half of current users will eventually die of a tobacco-related disease. Government of India has enacted cigarette and other tobacco products act (COTPA) in the year 2003 to control tobacco use. The objective of study was to estimate the level of compliance to selected sections (4 to 9) of COTPA (cigarette and other tobacco products – prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and distribution) act, 2003 in Koppal district, Karnataka.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted as an independent evaluation of COTPA act 2003 in Koppal district as per National Tobacco Control Program guidelines. Cluster sampling technique was used for sample selection and sample consisted of 158 public places, 102 educational institutional, 87 shops/ sell points and 60 tobacco products. Data entry and analysis was done using microsoft office excel 2013.Results: The prevalence of compliance to section 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7, 8 and 9 of COTPA act 2003 in Koppal district were 80.3%, 96.5%, 98.9%, 64.8%, 53.3%, 63.3% and 50% respectively.Conclusions: Compliance level was poor especially in relation to display of health warnings on tobacco products which needs to be tackled through strict enforcement of the existing laws.

scholarly journals SPIROMETRY FINDINGS IN SUBJECTS PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA IN BANNU DISTRICT, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Fazli Maula ◽  
Nargis Noman ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dyspnea is a common symptom in patients presenting to emergency departments worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of spirometry findings in subjects presenting with dyspnea in Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bannu Medical College, Bannu, KP, Pakistan from 1st December 2015 to 31st march 2018. Sample size was 4300 selected through convenient sampling technique. All patients with acute and chronic dyspnea were included. Any patient unable to perform spirometry, recently diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), recent myocardial infarction and any infectious disease patient were excluded. A self-administered proforma was used for data collection. The demographic variables were sex and age groups. The research variables were type of lung pathology, severity of obstructive lung pathology, severity of restrictive lung pathology, causes of obstructive lung pathology and causes of restrictive lung pathology. All variables being categorical were analyzed through count and percentages using spss version17. Results: Out of 4300 subjects, (55.72%) were males and (44.28%) were females. Two thousands four hundered and forty five (52.32%) had obstructive, (22.49%) restrictive, (12.9%) with mixed pattern and (4.3%) had normal spirometry. In obstructive patients bronchial asthma were (35.13%), COPD 741(30.3%) asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) (9.48%), acute bronchitis (05.64%), bronchiectasis 173(7.07%) and unclear diagnosis (04.17%). In restrictive patients post pulmonary tuberculous fibrosis (PTB) were (33.77%), cardiovascular disorders (28.35%), interstitial lung diseases (17.79%), chest wall disorders (6.47%) and unclear diagnosis in 143(13.6%). Conclusion: Ninety five percent of individuals were having an abnormal spirometeric pattern. mostly old males were having bronchial asthma & COPD as obstructive and PTB & CVDs as restrictive lung disease.

scholarly journals Perceived Stigma and Associated Factors among Patient with Tuberculosis, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bereket Duko ◽  
Asres Bedaso ◽  
Getinet Ayano ◽  
Zegeye Yohannis
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Wolaita Sodo

Background. Tuberculosis is a historically stigmatized disease and the stigma associated with it affects the institution, community, and interpersonal factors. Therefore, understanding tuberculosis-related perceived stigma has importance in improving quality of the patients. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and factors associated with perceived stigma among patients with tuberculosis attending Wolaita Sodo University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 417 tuberculosis patients who had treatment follow-up at TB clinics and were recruited for the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. A 12-item perceived TB stigma scale was used to assess tuberculosis-related perceived stigma. In addition, Oslo social support scale was used to assess social support related factors. Results. Prevalence of tuberculosis-related perceived stigma by using perceived tuberculosis stigma scale was 42.4%. Patients who had pulmonary TB [AOR=2.49, (95% CI: 1.24, 4.87)], being intensive phase category [AOR=1.42, (95% CI: 1.19, 2.58)], TB/HIV coinfection [AOR= 3.54, (95% CI: 1.37, 9.12)], poor social support [AOR=2.45, (95% CI: 1.18, 5.09)], and using substance (alcohol, khat and cigarette) [AOR=1.78, (95% CI: 1.28, 3.17)] were more likely to have perceived TB stigma when compared to their counter parts. Conclusion. Health education programs should be conducted to reduce TB stigma and improve patients’ compliance.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation, optimism and quality of life among Gastric Ulcer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Muazzam ◽  
Nida Ali ◽  
Yasmeen Niazi ◽  
Naima Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Creative Commons

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the association among emotion regulation, optimism and quality of life among gastric ulcer patients. Methods: The Cross-sectional study was conducted in public sector hospitals of Lahore, during January-June 2017. Sample of study was comprised of 100 patients diagnosed with gastric ulcer, aged 25-55 years, selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Demographic information sheet, Emotion Regulation Scale by John, Gross 2003, Life Orientation Test-Revised by Sheer, Carver 2002, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire by Endicott 1993 were used for data collection. SPSS 21 version was used for data analysis. Results: Out of total 100 participants 41 (41%) were men and 59 (59%) were women, with mean age of (M= 44.89, SD= 7.99). There was significant positive correlation among emotion regulation, optimism and quality of life (p<0.01). Optimism and emotion regulation were observed as significant predictors of quality of life (p<0.01). Significant gender differences were found in emotion regulation (p< 0.01), optimism (p< 0.01) and quality of life (p<0.01), with men scoring higher as compared to women. One way ANOVA showed significant differences between emotion regulation, optimism and quality of life among different age groups of gastric ulcer patients (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Quality of life of gastric ulcer patients can be greatly improved by effectively using emotion regulation strategies and optimistic approach. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3894 How to cite this:Muazzam A, Ali N, Niazi Y, Hassan N. Emotion regulation, optimism and quality of life among Gastric Ulcer Patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3894 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Features of Neck Pain and its Related Factors Among Patients With Cervical Spondylosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Nayeema Binti Karim ◽  
Aklima Chowdhury Asha ◽  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Anup Mandal ◽  
Taslima Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopedic Rehabilitation ◽  
Tingling Sensation

Background and aims: The prevalence of cervical spondylosis is rising. The objective of this study was to figure out the various features and their related factors among cervical spondylosis patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 40 patients from NITOR (National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from the physiotherapy department of NITOR using convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Patients who were diagnosed with cervical spondylosis were included in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive analysis was done using frequency measures, mean and percentages. Results: Among our respondents, the majority of them were female (62.5%). Majority of the participants were in the age group of 35 to 50 years (62.5%). Many of them were urban population engaged in service or housewives. Stressful job (55%), duration of working hour >8 hours (62.5%) were the most common characteristics among patients. The main location of pain was in the shoulder (82.5%) followed by the neck (77.4%) and forearm (70%). Most patients had intermittent pain (57.5%), numbness (55%), tingling sensation (47.5%) and paresthesia (42.5%). Moderate type of pain (65%), the involvement of both upper limbs (35%) and radiating pain to shoulder (72.5%) were the most reported features by patients. No response to medication was also observed. Conclusion: Being female, middle age group, stressful occupation, location and radiation of pain to shoulder are some of the common features revealed in this study. The findings will help the practitioner to plan their treatment goals and techniques considering the characteristics of patients.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness of Rural People About Currently Emerging Disease Bird Flu

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
M Jahangir Alam ◽  
K Mohammad Ali ◽  
ABM Selimuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
The People

A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in a village Gohordo of Gabtoli Upazila, Bogra to assess the knowledge and awareness of people of age above 18 years and above about "bird flu", its modes of transmission and prevention, by an interviewer administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was pretested and data were collected using purposive sampling technique. In this study it was found that out of 418 people, 231(55.26%) were female and the rest 187 (44.74%) were male. Majority of the respondents 226 (54.06%) were in the age group of 20-40 years, followed by 29.19%, 8.85% and7.89% were in the age groups of 40-60,<20 and above>60 years respectively. More than half; 226 (54.06%) of the people heard the term ‘bird flu'; majority of them (95.13%) as a disease. Among 226, 193(85.39) respondents know that the disease may transmit to human population. But only 32, (30%) people think that this disease is transmitted by keeping infected birds & suspected poultry, followed by 19.02% who think that it transmitted by caring & culling poultry. Among the people who heard the name of the disease,95 (42%) people had no knowledge about the signs and symptoms of the disease and only 20.35% respondents knew poultry carrying people and poultry meat eaters as "susceptible groups" getting infection. About 195 (77.43%) people know that this disease is preventable. About 55.31% and 37.16% people think, partially cooked meat and half boiled egg respectively may spread the disease to man. There is a strong association of literacy with the knowledge of the disease (p<0.05). This study will emphasize the proper health education to create awareness of the people for prevention of bird flue. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5019 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 54-58

scholarly journals Prediction of medical expenditures of diagnosed diabetics and the assessment of its related factors using a random forest model, MEPS 2000–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Leiyu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective To predict the medical expenditures of individual diabetics and assess the related factors of it. Design and setting Cross-sectional study. Setting and participants Data were collected from the US household component of the medical expenditure panel survey, 2000–2015. Main outcome measure Random forest (RF) model was performed with the programs of randomForest in R software. Spearman correlation coefficients (rs), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean-related error (MRE) was computed to assess the prediction of all the models. Results Total medical expenditure was increased from $105 Billion in 2000 to $318 Billion in 2015. rs, MAE and MRE between the predicted and actual values of medical expenditures in RF model were 0.644, $0.363 and 0.043%. Top one factor in prediction was being treated by the insulin, followed by type of insurance, employment status, age and economical level. The latter four variables had no impact in predicting of medical expenditure by being treated by the insulin. Further, after the sub-analysis of gender and age-groups, the evaluating indicators of prediction were almost identical to each other. Top five variables of total medical expenditure among male were same as those among all the diabetics. Expenses for doctor visits, hospital stay and drugs were also predicted with RF model well. Treatment with insulin was the top one factor of total medical expenditure among female, 18-, 25- and 65-age-groups. Additionally, it indicated that RF model was little superior to traditional regression model. Conclusions RF model could be used in prediction of medical expenditure of diabetics and assessment of its related factors well.

scholarly journals Patient-Related Factors Influencing Satisfaction in the Patient-Doctor Encounters at the General Outpatient Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndifreke E. Udonwa ◽  
Udoezuo K. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Patient’S Perception

Medical consultation is at the centre of clinical practice. Satisfaction of a patient with this process is a major determinant of the clinical outcome. This study sought to determine the proportion of patients who were satisfied with their doctor-patient encounter and the patient-related factors that affected patients’ satisfaction with the consultation process. A clinic-based, cross-sectional study using a modified version of the General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ), which employed a systematic sampling technique, was used. The questionnaires were administered on 430 patients within the ages of 18 years and 65 years. Among the 430 subjects within the ages of 18 years and 65 years studied, 200 (46.5%) were males and 230 (53.5%) were females. Only 59.3% were satisfied with their patient-doctor encounter. The patient’s perception of time spent in the consultation, illness understanding after the visit, ability to cope with the illness after the visit, and ability to maintain health after visit were the only factors that affected patient’s satisfaction with the consultation. In our environment, nonsatisfaction with the patient-doctor encounter is high. Only few factors considered to encourage a patients satisfaction at primary care consultation contributed to end-of-consultation satisfaction. This calls for refocusing so as to improve the overall patient care in our cultural context and meet the patient needs in our environment.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Study to Assess Musculoskeletal Disorders among Bangladeshi Cycle Rickshaw Pullers and its Association with Ergonomics and Work-related Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Work Related

Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are the most common and largest category of work-related illness seen both in a developed & developing country. Purpose: The purpose of the study to assess the MSDs of Cycle Rickshaw (CR) Pullers & to find out the significance between MSDs with related variables. Material & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 CR Pullers residing in the Dhaka Metropolitan city. Purposive sampling technique was used where data were collected by a structure administered questionnaire with face to face interview & data was analyzed by SPSS (Version 20). Results: Results indicated that the prevalence of MSDs was 91% where upper back, lower back, leg & calf muscle, & knee joint was the more prevalent site. Some ergonomics and work related factors are responsible for developing MSDs. However, there was a significant relationship between MSDs with weight bearing (P<0.05) & daily rickshaw pulling time (p<0.05). In addition, an extremely high significant relationship found between MSDs with age (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that MSDs among CR pullers were extremely high. Awareness of ergonomics and work-related factors might help to prevent and reduce the prevalence of MSDs among CR pullers.

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