scholarly journals Brain Changing Advantages of Exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Akshat Sahu ◽  
Dhruba Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

Exercise is defined as any activity that causes your muscles to work and your body to burn calories. Physical activity includes swimming, running, jogging, strolling, and dancing, to name a few. Physically and mentally active people have been shown to have various health benefits. It could even help you live a longer life. In this article, we attempt to explain the beneficial effects of exercising regularly on our brain and how this helps with cognitive tasks. We also describe the various neurotrophic neurochemicals that aid in this phenomenon. We then describe the process of neuroplasticity and how exercise can help accelerate this process. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health. If you're worried about being harmed if you start walking or increase your level of physical activity, it is safe for most people to engage in moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking. Reduced emotions of state anxiety (short-term anxiety), increased sleep, and enhanced elements of cognitive performance are some of the benefits of moderate or intense physical exercise on cerebral health that happen immediately after moderate or intense physical activity (acute impact). People who engage in more moderate or intense physical activity generally have better mental processes to gain knowledge and comprehension than those who do not. Improvements in cognition, as well as performance, might be expected. For example, standardized assessments of academic achievement and performance on mental ability tests are examples of neuropsychological testing. Processing speed, memory, and executive function are all factors to consider.

scholarly journals Walking Cadence to Exercise at Moderate Intensity for Adults: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Slaght ◽  
M. Sénéchal ◽  
T. J. Hrubeniuk ◽  
A. Mayo ◽  
D. R. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Background. Most adults choose walking as a leisure activity. However, many do not reach the international physical activity guidelines for adults, which recommend moderate intensity aerobic activity for at least 150 minutes/week in bouts of 10 minutes. Purpose. This systematic review provides an update on the walking cadence required to reach moderate intensity in adults and older adults, identifies variables associated with reaching moderate intensity, and evaluates how walking cadence intensity should be measured, but the main purpose is to report the interventions that have been attempted to prescribe walking cadence to increase time spent at moderate intensity or other outcomes for adults and older adults. Methods. SportDISCUS, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched. We identified 3,917 articles and 31 were retained for this systematic review. Only articles written in English were included. Results. In general, 100 steps/minute is prescribed for adults to achieve moderate intensity, but older adults may require a higher cadence. Currently, few studies have explored using walking cadence prescription as an intervention to increase physical activity levels. Conclusion. Prescribing walking cadence as a way to increase physical activity levels has potential as a practical and useful strategy, but more evidence is required to assess its ability to increase physical activity levels at moderate intensity.

Abstract P495: Trends in Physical Activity Among US Older Adults With Heart Failure 2007-2016

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Ye ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Joseph Yeboah ◽  
Peter H Brubaker ◽  
Alain G Bertoni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health problem which is the leading cause of hospitalization. About half of people who develop HF die within 5 years of diagnosis. Recent evidence suggests that physical inactivity may be an important risk for HF. However, the importance of physical activity in the prevention and treatment have not been adequately recognized. Self-reported physical activity can provide insights into the impact of lifestyle behaviors on mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and HF in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) adults. Methods: The 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collection cycles were used for this analysis. Participants aged 65 and older with HF were defined as those who answered “yes” to the question: “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had congestive HF?” Frequency and duration of self-reported moderate-intensity (“Days moderate recreational activities” and “Minutes moderate recreational activities”) and vigorous-intensity Days vigorous recreational activities” and “Minutes vigorous recreational activities”) physical activity were collected through questionnaires as well in all data cycles. We used 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Older Adults, which recommended that most older adults (age≥65 years) participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week as our cut-off points for calculating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results: Between 2007-2008 and 2015-2016, the percentage of US adults ≥65 years with HF increased from 2.76% to 3.69% (p=0.04). Although a similar percentage of participants who met the criteria of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week was noted in both groups from 2007 to 2016 (on average, HF: 56.9% vs. HF-free: 56.7%, respectively, p>0.05), more HF-free participants reported at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity recreational activities per week compared to HF participants in each calendar year (82.8% vs. 66.7%, 85.0% vs. 70.0%, 83.5% vs. 55.0%, 87.0% vs.75%, 85.2% vs. 63.6%, respectively, p<0.01). Additionally, among those who reported activities, older adults with HF were less than 20 times as likely to report moderate or vigorous recreational activities compared to those without HF. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate lower self-reported physical recreational activities, especially vigorous activities, in older participants who report a diagnosis of HF and more participants without HF report vigorous-intensity recreational activities. Future study should focus on understanding the physical limitations of HF patients, which is paramount in developing cardiac rehabilitation strategies to improve their function capacity.

scholarly journals Correlates of Self-Reported Physical Activity at 3 and 12 Months Postpartum

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Vladutiu ◽  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
Anne Marie Jukic ◽  
Amy H. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Interpersonal Factors ◽  
Lower Education

Background:Postpartum women are encouraged to participate in ≥ 150 min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, but few women achieve this recommendation. This study sought to identify factors associated with participation in physical activity after pregnancy.Methods:We examined correlates of any self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (≥ 10 min/week across all modes) and any recreational MVPA (≥ 10 min/week) among women enrolled in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Postpartum study at 3 months postpartum (n = 667) and at 12 months postpartum (n = 530). Potential correlates were identified according to the socioecological framework.Results:At 3 and 12 months postpartum, lower odds of participation in any MVPA were associated with lower education, breastfeeding, and minimal emotional support. Low exercise self-efficacy, receipt of advice about physical activity, and warmer seasons were associated with higher odds of any MVPA. For recreational MVPA, lower odds of participation were associated with unmarried status, lower education, employment, low income, preeclampsia, and minimal emotional support. Involvement in child/adult care activities, transportation MVPA, and warmer seasons were associated with higher odds of recreational MVPA.Conclusion:These findings suggest that several modifiable intrapersonal and interpersonal factors are associated with postpartum MVPA and should be considered when developing interventions to help women maintain or increase MVPA after pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Physical Aerobic Activity in Controlling Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Children and Adolescents with Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-487
Author(s):  
Walid Abdelbasset ◽  
Abbas Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Children And Young Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Induced

Asthma, one of the major widespread chronic disorders among children and adolescents, has become more prevalent recently. The common manifestations of this disorder are caused by inflammatory airways that lead to airway restriction and lung hypersensitivity causing dry coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, all of which are combined with sleep disturbance, impaired physical activity, and reduced quality of life. The main goal of this brief review was to identify the associated variables that affect the management of asthma disease in children and young adolescents and to identify the role of physical aerobic exercise in the treatment of asthmatic children. The current review was based on prior research published in English databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase in scientific articles published between January 2010 and October 2021 with the keywords "asthma," "children," "adolescents," "breathing episodes," "physical activity," and "physical exercise." Regular physical aerobic exercise training with moderate intensity has been shown to improve pulmonary functions, life quality, psychological conditions, and reduce asthma symptoms and EIB in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma.

Physical activity and exercise training in preventive cardiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) are central and indispensable components for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In healthy individuals, PA reduces all-cause and CV mortality and has confirmed beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk profile. In secondary prevention, PA counselling und ET are two of the core components of a multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Exercise-based CR is an established strategy in the secondary prevention of CV disease. It improves survival, reduces hospital admissions, improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and quality of life (QoL). However, these beneficial effects require regular attendance under professional supervision and adherence to recommended guidelines. In patients with heart disease, proper patient assessment with a standardized exercise test as a basis for a tailored ET prescription is required. In healthy subjects this is advocated only in selected groups. Current guidelines recommend at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic PA in both healthy individuals as well as those with cardiac disease. In healthy adults, alternatively intensity can be increased and volume can be halved. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a relatively new training modality and may be used complementary to continuous training in selected patient groups. HIIT seems to be superior compared to moderate continuous exercise in patients with cardio metabolic disease with regard to effects on the CV risk profile, endothelial function, improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, and a reverse cardiac remodelling in patients with heart failure. One of the major challenges in preventive cardiology is the improvement of long-term adherence to PA recommendations. The aim of this article is to give an overview from the preventive cardiologist’s point of view with a focus on endurance ET prescription for the audience of sports and exercise medicine physicians.

Effect of a short-term physical activity intervention on liver fat content in obese children

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
Dong-Woo Kang ◽  
Ji-Hye Park ◽  
Mi Kyung Lee ◽  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
In Deok Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease and can present with advanced fibrosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 7-day intense physical activity intervention on liver fat content in children with obesity. Fifty-seven obese children (mean body mass index: 26.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2; mean age: 12.0 ± 0.8 years) participated in a 7-day physical activity program. All participants were housed together, and their food intake and energy expenditure were strictly controlled. Anthropometric measurements, abdominal computerized tomography scans, and blood analyses were conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Participants lost weight by 2.53 ± 0.85 kg on average (61.0 ± 9.8 vs. 58.5 ± 9.5 kg, p < 0.05), fat mass (16.7 ± 5.1 vs. 15.7 ± 4.9 kg, p < 0.05), and serum insulin (13.7 ± 6.7 vs. 3.5 ± 2.0 μU/mL, p < 0.05). However, liver fat content was increased, presented as liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR) where lower LSR represents higher liver fat content. The intervention increased aspartate transaminase level (29.42 ± 6.78 IU/L vs. 33.50 ± 9.60 IU/L, p < 0.001). The change in liver fat content was not associated with the change in fasting insulin and liver enzymes. Short-term intense physical activity increased liver fat content independent of change in fasting insulin level and liver enzymes. This is the first human study to report increased liver fat content after physical activity-induced rapid weight loss.

Growth, Maturation and Exercise During Youth—2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
Methodological Paper ◽  
Selection Of

For The Year that Was—2016, I have selected three papers in the area of growth, maturation, and exercise during youth. The year of 2016 was a successful year and it was not an easy task to highlight the most significant publications in this specific area of pediatric exercise science. The first paper has been chosen because it provides, for the first time, the growth and maturational status of elite junior tennis players belonging to the top eight players in the National rankings in various ages and compares against population norms. It appeared that individual differences in growth and maturation contribute towards the selection of elite junior tennis players in both sexes, with a bias towards these athletes who are comparatively tall and heavy for their age already in younger ages. The second paper is a methodological paper and was selected because it provides a unique perspective on the use of different tracking coefficients to investigate short-term tracking of cardiorespiratory and performance-related physical fitness among adolescents during growth and maturation. Specifically, three distinct statistical approaches were applied in this paper: auto-correlations, mulitilevel modeling corrected tracking values for time-varying covariates and Cohen`s Kappa in order to identify group and individual tracking as well as individuals whose trajectories are unstable across time. This methodological paper demonstrated the importance of the selection of the statistical approach to monitor and describe short-term tracking of cardiorespiratory and performance-related physical fitness variables in adolescents during growth and maturation. The third selected paper provided some evidence that the consequence of physical activity during childhood can be far reaching as physical activity might not only promote health benefits but also have positive effects on adulthood earnings.

scholarly journals Yaşlılarda Fiziksel Aktivite: Derleme

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Hatice Rana ERDEM ◽  
Melahat SAYAN ◽  
Zafer GÖKÖZ ◽  
Meltem REFİKER EGE
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Functional Capacities ◽  
Better Than

Aging is associated with reduction in physiological and functional capacities and quality of life. Physical activity (PA) in older people is critically important in the prevention of disease, maintenance of independence and improvement of quality of life. It has been shown that increased physical activity increases functional capacity and prevents many chronic non-communicable diseases. Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity and at least two days of musclestrengthening activities per week. Despite the highly known benefits of physical activity, the majority of older people in the world do not meet the minimum physical activity levels needed to maintain health. Any amount of exercise is better than being sedentary, even if health status prevents a person from achieving recommended goals. Physicians should educate the patient about the benefits of physical activity and motivate them to start a physical activity program. Keywords: physical activity, older people, health

scholarly journals Exercise in improving health v. performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Response Gradient

Regular and goal-appropriate exercise is critical to improving and maintaining both health and performance. However, the frequency, intensity, duration and type of activities needed to optimise health or achieve successful sports performance will differ considerably depending on an individual's goals and capabilities. Although sport is one of many forms of exercise that can be counted towards daily physical activity, participation in sport is not necessary to meet current physical activity recommendations. The current consensus is that the minimum amount of physical activity needed to improve and maintain good health is 30 min moderate-intensity activity/d on ≥5 d/week. The evidence supporting this consensus is based on predominantly observational evidence that performing regular aerobic (endurance)-type physical activity is associated with reduced morbidity and premature mortality from CVD, CHD, stroke and colo-rectal cancer. The exact dose needed to improve health and the slope of the dose–response gradient between physical activity and mortality for various diseases are not known, and one major limitation of the existing evidence is the lack of objective measurement of physical activity. Limited evidence indicates that a much higher dose of activity (45–90 min each day on ≥5 d/week) may be needed to prevent overweight and obesity and to avoid weight regain in previously overweight and obese individuals. The role of resistance training and heavy domestic work in reducing morbidity and premature mortality for various diseases is unclear. As most adults do not meet current recommendations there is a critical need for innovative approaches to increase physical activity across large-scale populations.

scholarly journals Short term aerobic exercise does not change kidney function in students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Ihim Augustine Chinedu ◽  
Patrick Chinedu Obi ◽  
Egbe Josephat Udoka ◽  
Nosakhare Osakue ◽  
Donatus F. Ozuruoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Background<br />Exercise has been known to have beneficial effects on human health. The kidneys play an important role in regulating acid-base and water-electrolyte balance disturbances induced by exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short term aerobic exercise (volleyball training) on the kidney function of apparently healthy individuals. <br /><br />Methods<br />An experimental study of pre-post test design was conducted involving 41 amateur volleyball players, comprising 22 males and 19 females. They were randomly divided into seven different teams. Each team trained for at least 45 minutes for four consecutive days for two weeks. Both pre-and post-exercise blood pressure (BP) was measured using an automatic blood pressure measuring device OMRON 907 (OMRON, Hoofddorp, Netherlands). Likewise, both pre- and post-exercise blood samples were collected into lithium heparin tubes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and the plasma separated into plain tubes. Electrolytes were analysed using ion selective electrode machine (SFRI 4000, Germany), urea using modified Berthelot method, creatinine using Jaffe-Slot method and uric acid using the uricase method and estimated glomerular filtration state (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. <br /><br />Results<br />The mean levels of pre- and post-exercise systolic blood pressure, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and eGFR did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05). However, serum uric acid was significantly increased (p&lt;0.05), while diastolic BP significantly decreased after exercise (p&lt;0.05).<br /><br />Conclusion<br />The study showed that short-term moderate intensity aerobic exercise does not have any significant effect on the renal functions.

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