Effect of COVID-19 Infection in the Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Coronavirus is pandemic virus infection which has recently affected the globe, and as a result, in patients with non-communicable diseases, the associated morbidity and death are substantially greater. One of the most common non-communicable diseases linked to worsening clinical conditions in corona virus patients is diabetes mellitus (dm). Covid-19 is a zoonotic illness that was firstly found in wuhan city of china, and is now recognized a zoonotic disease that spreads from moist animals to people in 2019. The disease has a low fatality rate and only affects the most seriously ill patients. Approximately 80% of the cases involve patients who are seriously to moderately ill. Since the outbreak of the disease, the number of people who have died has continuously increased. Summary: The aim for this study is to determine the receptors involved in diabetes and the pathogenetic relationship btw. Covid-19 and diabetes. Both diseases are characterized by inflammation and the release of inflammatory markers. The roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme molecule and dipeptidyl peptidase in covid-19 and diabetes have been investigated. The effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of pancreatic islet cells, medications used to treat covid-19, and hence the lockdown policy, may have a deleterious impact on diabetes patients' glucose control. The results of covid-19 research involving diabetic and non-diabetic patients were also examined. Various medication trials, such as the dapagliflozin and linagliptin trials are still being conducted to see if certain medications are suitable for diabetic people with covid-19. Conclusion: Diabetes is a risk factor for covid-19 patients, according to the data, leading to their severity and mortality. This article also contains guidelines and recommendations that may be useful in the management and avoidance of diabetic individuals who are infected with covid-19.

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Risiko Stunting pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v8i3.674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Emy Rianti

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Economic Status ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Early Age ◽

Short Term ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Who Standards ◽

Patients With Diabetes

<p>In the last decade, more evidence that malnutrition at a very early age and occurs chronically or recurrently is an important risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood, and one of them is diabetes mellitus. In addition, studies on the pattern of linear growth in Indonesia suggest that growth failure brings consequences of retained effects in later ages. Growth failure in infants and children is a benchmark for future short-term growth failure in adulthood. The objective of the study was to assess the factors that became the risk of adult stunting in patients with diabetes mellitus. The type of this research was quantitative with the analytic method through cross-sectional study design approach, involving 60 respondents, data were taken in Depok General Hospital of West Java, on September 2016, data taken in primary and secondary. Criteria for patients with diabetes mellitus were determined based on doctor's diagnosis, while weight, height, and economic status data were obtained through direct interview and measurement. Stunting was determined by WHO standards in 2006 and BMI was determined according to WHO standards in 2004. The results of this study indicate that there was a significant relationship between age with short-term patients with diabetes mellitus. A recommendation, need further research with a more controlled design to ensure the long-term impact of risk of non-communicable diseases as a response to malnutrition at an early age. </p>

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Care-Seeking Dynamics among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Selected Rural Settings in Kenya

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16112016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miriam Karinja ◽

Goonaseelan Pillai ◽

Raymond Schlienger ◽

Marcel Tanner ◽

Bernhards Ogutu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Health Seeking Behaviour ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are two common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that often coexist in patients. However, health-seeking behaviour in patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension has not been extensively studied especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to examine care-seeking dynamics among participants diagnosed with diabetes and/or hypertension across nine counties in rural Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults diagnosed with diabetes and/or hypertension through face-to-face interviews. Of the 1100 participants, 69.9% had hypertension, 15.5% diabetes while 14.7% had both. The mean age of the respondents was 64 years. The majority of the respondents (86%) were on allopathic treatment. Hospital admission, having a good self-rated health status and having social support for illness, were positively associated with appropriate health-seeking behaviour while use of alcohol and pharmacy or chemist as source of treatment were negatively associated with appropriate health-seeking behaviour. Our study found a high prevalence of appropriate health-seeking behaviour among respondents with the majority obtaining care from government facilities. The results are evidence that improving public health care services can promote appropriate health-seeking behaviour for non-communicable diseases and thus improve health outcomes.

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DIABETES MELLITUS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: VERDICT OR NOT?

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202012121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 2672-2676

Author(s):

Oleksandr A. Halushko ◽

Maryna A. Trishchynska ◽

Tetiana M. Povietkina ◽

Mariana V. Boliuk

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Islet Cells ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Severe Condition ◽

Negative Results ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Keyword Searches

The aim: To investigate the causes of the negative impact of diabetes mellitus co-morbidity on the onset and development of COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched using keyword searches. Conclusions: 1. Diabetes mellitus is not a verdict. Diabetic patients can have COVID-19 with the same frequency as other people. And diabetes mellitus co-morbidity does not increase the probability of development COVID-19. 2. Previous diabetes can contribute the complications of COVID-19, patient’s severe condition and can increase the mortality. 3. The reasons for the negative results of COVID 19 treatment in patients with diabetes may be: features of autonomic innervation in patients with diabetes, impaired function of pancreatic islet cells due to the influence of SARS-CoV-2, use of some cardiac drugs, expression of inflammatory factors due to infection.

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Intramuscular Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Alteration In Extraocular Muscles of Diabetic Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120102 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 682-683

Author(s):

Bruce R. Pachter

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Extraocular Muscles ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Oculomotor Palsy ◽

Third Nerve Palsy ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Intramuscular Nerve ◽

Oculomotor Nerves

Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).

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A preliminary study on diabetes self-management education and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus

Journal of Nursing Education and Practice ◽

10.5430/jnep.v9n9p98 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kisokanth G. ◽

Indrakumar J. ◽

Prathapan S. ◽

Joseph J. ◽

Ilankoon I.M.P.S.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Management Education ◽

Self Management ◽

Rank Test ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Before And After ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Preliminary Study

This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in the improvement of glycemic control among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. The study was a prospective interventional study and conducted as a preliminary study at medical clinic, Base hospital, Kaluwanchikudy, Batticaloa. Thirty patients with T2DM were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured individual diabetes self-management education for 10 hours (one hour per week) was delivered to diabetic patients by the trained Nurse Health Educator. Glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed as a main outcome measure and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Body Mass Index (BMI) of each patient were also measured and recorded before and after the intervention. The respondent rate was 96.7% (n = 29). Majority of them were females (n = 25, 86.2%). A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that DSME had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c [8.60 (IQR 2.60) vs. 7.40 (IQR 2.10), p = .000] and FBS level [159.00 (IQR 77.50) vs. 134.00 (IQR 40.50), p = .002] at 3 months of intervention. The mean BMI at baseline was higher compared to 3 months of intervention [24.88 (SD ± 3.06) vs. 24.19 (SD ± 2.79)] which was statistically significant (p = .000). Majority of participants (n = 22, 75.9%) had improved their HbA1c level by ≥ 0.5% in 3 months. The diabetes self-management education is an effective measure in improving glycemic control and other clinical parameters among patients with T2DM. Thus, DSME needs to be implemented among clinic patients with T2DM for the better outcome and the preventions of complications.

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When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7040298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Teny M. John ◽

Ceena N. Jacob ◽

Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Features ◽

The Other ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Epidemiological Factors ◽

Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽

Diagnostic Certainty ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Perfect Storm

Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

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Diabetes Mellitus—A Risk Factor for Unfavourable Outcome in COVID-19 Patients—The Experience of an Infectious Diseases Regional Hospital

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Egidia Miftode ◽

Larisa Miftode ◽

Ioana Coman ◽

Cristian Prepeliuc ◽

Maria Obreja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Risk Category ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Unfavourable Outcome ◽

Strong Connection ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Early research into the implications concerning the evolution of the infection caused by the new coronavirus in people with glucose metabolism dysfunction, in this case diabetics, shows that severe forms of the disease predominate in this risk category. Moreover, it seems that even in patients with normal glycaemic status, COVID-19 may predispose to the development of hyperglycaemia which modulates immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses, with direct effects on morbidity and mortality. Thus, taking into account these scientific data, as well as the increased frequency of diabetes in the general population, we aimed to assess the risk of an unfavourable outcome of diabetic patients, which is in a strong connection with the presence and severity of pulmonary disease such as interstitial pneumonia/bronchopneumonia, as well as the effectiveness of Tocilizumab administration. The results of our study indicate a three-fold higher risk of death in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 (RR = 3.03; IC95%: 2.37–3.86; p = 0.001),compared to nondiabetic patients, and the risk of developing severe forms of acute respiratory failure was 1.5 times higher in the first studied category. In conclusion, we can say that the diabetic diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection is more predisposed to immunological and organic dysfunctions that may ultimately result in death, and treatment with monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies was more effective in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of Tocilizumab was significant in both studied groups, but diabetic patients responded better to this therapy compared to non-diabetes-mellitus (DM) ones (76.7% vs. 35% p = 0.001).

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Screening Strategy of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10080572 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 572

Author(s):

Suguru Mizuno ◽

Yousuke Nakai ◽

Kazunaga Ishigaki ◽

Kei Saito ◽

Hiroki Oyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

New Onset

The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PCa) is increasing worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Screening for high risk populations is fundamental to overcome this intractable malignancy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classically known as a risk factor for PCa. Recently the reverse causality is in the spotlight, that is to say, DM is considered to be a manifestation of PCa. Numbers of epidemiological studies clarified that new-onset DM (≤2-year duration) was predominant in PCa patients and the relative risk for PCa inversely correlated with duration of DM. Among patients with new-onset DM, elder onset, weight loss, and rapid exacerbation of glycemic control were reported to be promising risk factors and signs, and the model was developed by combining these factors. Several pilot studies disclosed the possible utility of biomarkers to discriminate PCa-associated DM from type 2 DM. However, there is no reliable biomarkers to be used in the practice. We previously reported the application of a multivariate index for PCa based on the profile of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) among diabetic patients. We are further investigating on the PFAA profile of PCa-associated DM, and it can be useful for developing the novel biomarker in the near future.

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The Relationship between Frequently Used Glucose-Lowering Agents and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/1890978 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

You Lv ◽

Xue Zhao ◽

Weiying Guo ◽

Ying Gao ◽

Shuo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, have become global health issues. The etiology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. Current evidence suggests the association of gut microbiota with metabolic diseases. However, the effects of glucose-lowering agents on gut microbiota are poorly understood. Several studies revealed that these agents affect the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and consequently improve glucose metabolism and energy balance. Possible underlying mechanisms include affecting gene expression, lowering levels of inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, gut microbiota may alleviate adverse effects caused by glucose-lowering agents, and this can be especially beneficial in diabetic patients who experience severe gastrointestinal side effects and have to discontinue these agents. In conclusion, gut microbiota may provide a novel viewpoint for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

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Association of proteinuria and incident atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a population-based senior cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96483-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juntae Kim ◽

Pil-Sung Yang ◽

Byoung-Eun Park ◽

Tae Soo Kang ◽

Seong-Hoon Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Population Based ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dipstick Test ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Urine Dipstick Test

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is considered an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The excess risk in relation to the presence of proteinuria has not been well elucidated. Our aim was to determine the association between the incidence of AF and proteinuria in diabetic population. A total of 240,499 individuals aged ≥ 60 years from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort from 2004 to 2014 were included. 4.2% of individuals with DM and 3.7% of controls were diagnosed with AF during a median follow-up period of 7.2 years. Amongst controls (participants without proteinuria and DM), DM only, proteinuria only, and DM with proteinuria groups, the crude incidences of AF were 0.58, 0.70, 0.96, 1.24 per 100 person-years respectively. Compared with controls, the weighted risk of AF was increased by 11% (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.20, P = .001), 48% (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.30–1.69, P < .001), and 66% (hazard ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.26–2.18, P < .001) in the DM only, proteinuria only, and DM with proteinuria groups, respectively (P for trend < .001). Degree of proteinuria in diabetic patients was associated with a significantly higher rate of incident AF in dose dependent manner. Thus, assessing proteinuria by a simple urine dipstick test could provide a useful adjunct to risk assessment for AF in elderly population with DM.

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